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1.1 These test methods cover sampling of creosote, creosote-coal tar solutions, creosote-petroleum solutions, and oilborne and waterborne preservatives. Note 1-See Specification D390, for Coal-Tar Creosote for the Preservative Treatment of Piles, Poles, and Timbers for Marine, Land, and Fresh Water Use, Specification D391 for Creosote-Coal Tar Solution, and Specification D1858, for Creosote-Petroleum Solution. 1.1.1 Creosote and creosote solutions are homogeneous liquids, except for their moisture content. At atmospheric temperatures, however, part of the creosote is usually in crystalline form, and shall be heated to a temperature at which it is entirely liquid before sampling. 1.1.1.1 When sampling creosote and creosote solutions, the object is to obtain a sample that will be representative of the water content, and the methods of sampling described are intended to accomplish that purpose. 1.1.2 Recommended test methods are given for sampling a preservative in a liquid or solid state and in the several types of containers in which they are likely to be encountered. Creosote, creosote-coal tar, and creosote-petroleum solutions may be in the form of a liquid or semiliquid. Oilborne and waterborne preservatives may be in the solid state, in concentrated solutions, or in ready-to-use solutions. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This specification covers the material known as modified wood. It is intended to be applicable to wood in the form of solid lumber or veneer (Note 1), or an assembly of lumber or veneer, or both, the properties of which have been changed by physical or chemical methods (Note 2). This specification is not intended to cover those products to which preservatives have been added for the primary purpose of enabling the wood to resist decay and those products to which chemicals have been added for the primary purpose of improving the fire-resistant properties of wood. Note 1-For the purpose of this specification, veneer is considered to be a thin layer or sheet of wood under 5/16 in. (7.9 mm) in thickness. Layers or sheets of wood 5/16 in. or over in thickness are considered to be lumber. Note 2-Modified woods have been growing steadily in importance because of the unusual properties and beauty of the finished product. The properties and even the appearance of the modified wood are largely dependent on the actual physical and chemical methods used in manufacture. An almost infinite number of products are possible. For example, the density of material produced by compression can be varied from that of the normal wood to a specific gravity of almost 1.40, which is about the density of wood substance itself. Because of these possible variations, the specifications which follow are general rather than specific in nature. Specifications for a specific type of product must be based on the actual needs of the user and should be developed jointly by the user and the producer. Some of the types of modified wood that have been developed are briefly described in the appendix to this specification.

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1.1 This practice defines the authority and duties of the inspector at the bituminous mixing plant. These duties are performed in order to ensure the contractor's compliance with the contract and applicable specifications and do not in any way relieve the contractor of the responsibility to produce uniform mixtures in compliance with the contract. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.>

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1.1 This test method covers the procedures for determining the stiffness and strength of external fixator connecting elements (clamps) under axial loads and bending moments. Depending on the design of the connector and its use in the overall construct, the connector needs to transmit one or more components of loading (tension, compression, torsion, or bending, or all of these) between the elements it grips (anchorage elements or bridge elements), without itself undergoing either permanent deformation or excessive elastic deformation. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This test method covers the procedures for determining the stiffness and strength of external fixator joints under axial loads and bending moments. 1.2 Depending on its design and its use in the overall construct, the joint of an external fixator needs to transmit one or more components of loading (tension, compression, torsion, or bending, or all of these) between the elements it grips (anchorage elements or bridge elements), without either itself or its gripping interface(s) undergoing either permanent deformation or excessive elastic deformation. 1.3 This test method also covers procedures for determining the range of adjustability in degrees of freedom for which the joint's configuration can be adjusted by the user, and procedures for determining the joint's range of motion in degrees of freedom for which motion is permitted if the fixator is unlocked. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This test method covers the procedures for determining the stiffness and strength of external fixator subassemblies, under force loadings (axial, medial-lateral shear, anterior-posterior shear), or under moment loadings (torsion, medial-lateral bending, anterior-posterior bending), or both.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This method covers the radiographic testing of materials for internal discontinuities, and also the use of film and other recording media. Requirements expressed in this method are intended to control the reliability or quality of the radiographic images, and are not intended for controlling the acceptability or quality of materials or products. 1.2 The number of areas or parts to be radiographed and the acceptance standard to be applied shall be specified in the contract, purchase order, product specification, or drawings. The quality level required for radiography shall be at least 2% (2-2T), unless a higher or lower quality is agreed upon by the purchaser and the supplier. Note 1-For additional information, refer to Guide E94, Test Method E1030, and Method E1032. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For specific safety precautionary information see Section 15.)

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