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5.1 It is important to evaluate the corrosion resistance of ferrous metal components used in low-slope roofing and waterproofing because they provide integrity and securement of other system components, such as insulation and membranes. Corrosion of ferrous metal components may result in their early deterioration and may lead to roofing or waterproofing system failure.5.2 Results from testing ferrous metal components in an acidic atmosphere serve as an indication of the relative corrosion resistance of such components, coated or uncoated, to the environment of the test chamber. The results are not to be construed as a general guideline to the corrosion resistance of such components in other environments or in usage that may be conducive to corrosion.5.3 Moist air containing sulfur dioxide quickly produces easily visible corrosion on many ferrous metals. It is therefore a test medium suited to detect pores or other sources of weakness in protective barrier coatings.5.4 This test method applies primarily to evaluating the effectiveness of barrier coatings to provide general corrosion protection under test conditions. It is not intended to evaluate the resistance of the components to specific corrosion mechanisms such as crevice, galvanic, or stress corrosion.5.5 This test method does not address abrasion resistance of barrier coatings when the fasteners are driven through above roof deck components, such as an existing built-up roof or insulations, or both.5.6 Only the above deck portion of fasteners subjected to this test method is evaluated.1.1 This test method covers components of ferrous metal fastener assemblies, excluding those of stainless steel, such as fasteners, stress plates, and batten bars used in low slope roofing and waterproofing, to a sulfurous acid environment. This test method evaluates relative corrosion resistance of the components by determination of percentage of rust or white rust.1.2 The components may or may not have a surface treatment applied.1.3 A limiting factor is the subjectiveness when determining actual percentage of rust or white rust corrosion.1.4 Other performance characteristics of ferrous metal components such as abrasion resistance of barrier coatings are not evaluated in this method.1.5 This test method was developed based on Practice G87.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This guide identifies the variables to consider when evaluating the performance of repetitive-member wood assemblies for parallel framing systems. This guide discusses general approaches to quantifying an assembly adjustment including limitations of methods and materials when evaluating repetitive-member assembly performance, and does not address the techniques for modeling or testing of such.1.1 This guide identifies variables to consider when evaluating repetitive-member assembly performance for parallel framing systems.1.2 This guide defines terms commonly used to describe interaction mechanisms.1.3 This guide discusses general approaches to quantifying an assembly adjustment including limitations of methods and materials when evaluating repetitive-member assembly performance.1.4 This guide does not detail the techniques for modeling or testing repetitive-member assembly performance.1.5 The analysis and discussion presented in this guideline are based on the assumption that a means exists for distributing applied loads among adjacent, parallel supporting members of the system.1.6 Evaluation of creep effects is beyond the scope of this guide.1.7 This guide does not purport to suggest or establish appropriate safety levels for assemblies, but cautions users that designers often interpret that safety levels for assemblies and full structures should be higher than safety levels for individual structural members.NOTE 1: Methods other than traditional safety factor approaches, such as reliability methods, are increasingly used to estimate the probability of failure of structural elements. However, the extension of these methods to assemblies or to complete structures is still evolving. For example, complete structures will likely exhibit less variability than individual structural elements. Additionally, there is a potential for beneficial changes in failure modes (that is, more ductile failure modes in systems). These considerations are beyond the scope of this guide.1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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AbstractFormerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F16 on Fasteners,this specification was withdrawn in May 2016 and replaced by Specification for High Strength Structural Bolts, Steeland Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 120 ksi (830 MPa) and 150 ksi (1040MPa) Minimum Tensile Strength, Inch and Metric Dimensions. Specification supersedes and replaces specifications; A325, A325M, A490, A490M, F1852 and F2280. The unified Specification corrects known inconsistencies in the original documents and the combination will assure that requirements of the products covered under the original standards stay aligned. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org,or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’sDocument Summary page on ASTM website.

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ASTM F991M-12 Standard Specification for Docking/Drain Plug and Boss Assemblies [Metric] (Withdrawn 2013) Withdrawn, No replacement 发布日期 :  1970-01-01 实施日期 : 

This specification provides design, construction, and purchasing criteria for docking/drain plug and boss assemblies. Assemblies are intended for installation in shell, rudder, and tank bottom plate. Assemblies shall be installed at the lowest point of a tank or rudder for draining during dry docking. Docking plugs and bosses shall be classified as follows: type I - docking plug and bosses for plating from 8 to 15 mm, and type II - docking plug and bosses for plating greater than 15 to 38 mm. The procedure for installing docking/drain plug and boss assemblies are presented. 1.1 This specification provides design, construction, and purchasing criteria for docking/drain plug and boss assemblies. 1.2 Assemblies are intended for installation in shell, rudder, and tank bottom plate from 8 through 38 mm. 1.3 Assemblies shall be installed at the lowest point of a tank or rudder for draining during dry docking. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.

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4.1 This practice provides minimum requirements for the ensurance of safety and efficacy. It provides a common language whereby the function of these surgical implants is described.1.1 This practice covers requirements for the evaluation and specification of implantable shunts as related to resistance to flow, direction of flow, materials, radiopacity, mechanical properties, finish, sterility, and labeling of shunt assemblies.1.2 Devices to which this practice is applicable include, but are not limited to, those that are temporarily implanted to effect external drainage; or permanently implanted to effect shunting of fluid from a cerebral ventricle, a cyst, the subarachnoid space to the peritoneal cavity, the venous circulation, or some other suitable internal delivery site, and intracranial bypass.1.3 Limitations—Although this practice includes a standard test method for the evaluation of pressure/flow characteristics of shunts or shunt components, it does not include specific pressure/flow requirements.1.4 The following components that individually or in combination comprise shunt assemblies are considered to be within the scope of this practice: catheters (such as atrial, peritoneal, ventricular), connectors, implantable accessory devices (such as antisiphon devices and reservoirs), valved catheters, and valves.NOTE 1: The standards in Section 2 contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this practice. At the time of publication, the editions indicated are valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this practice are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Devices or components, or both, whose structures are comparable to that outlined in these standards are acceptable.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The spectrum of the noise in the room below the test specimen is determined by the following:5.1.1 The size and the mechanical properties of the floor-ceiling assembly, such as its construction, surface, mounting or edge restraints, stiffness, or internal damping,5.1.2 The acoustical response of the room below,5.1.3 The placement of the object or device producing the impacts, and5.1.4 The nature of the actual impact itself.5.2 This test method is based on the use of a standardized tapping machine of the type specified in 8.1 placed in specific positions on the floor. This machine produces a continuous series of uniform impacts at a uniform rate on a test floor and generates in the receiving room broadband sound pressure levels that are sufficiently high to make measurements possible beneath most floor types even in the presence of background noise. The tapping machine itself, however, is not designed to simulate any one type of impact, such as produced by male or female footsteps.5.3 Because of its portable design, the tapping machine does not simulate the weight of a human walker. Therefore, the structural sounds, i.e., creaks or booms of a floor assembly caused by such footstep excitation is not reflected in the single number impact rating derived from test results obtained by this test method. The degree of correlation between the results of tapping machine tests in the laboratory and the subjective acceptance of floors under typical conditions of domestic impact excitation is uncertain. The correlation will depend on both the type of floor construction and the nature of the impact excitation in the building.5.4 In laboratories designed to satisfy the requirements of this test method, the intent is that only significant path for sound transmission between the rooms is through the test specimen. This is not generally the case in buildings where there are often many other paths for sounds— flanking sound transmission. Consequently sound ratings obtained using this test method do not relate directly to sound isolation in buildings; they represent an upper limit to what would be measured in a field test.5.5 This test method is not intended for field tests. Field tests are performed according to Test Method E1007.1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement of impact sound transmission of floor-ceiling assemblies using a standardized tapping machine. It is assumed that the test specimen constitutes the primary sound transmission path into a receiving room located directly below and that a good approximation to a diffuse sound field exists in this room.1.2 Measurements may be conducted on floor-ceiling assemblies of all kinds, including those with floating-floor or suspended ceiling elements, or both, and floor-ceiling assemblies surfaced with any type of floor-surfacing or floor-covering materials.1.3 This test method prescribes a uniform procedure for reporting laboratory test data, that is, the normalized one-third octave band sound pressure levels transmitted by the floor-ceiling assembly due to the tapping machine.1.4 Laboratory Accreditation—The requirements for accrediting a laboratory for performing this test method are given in Annex A2.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This fire-test-response standard is applicable to door assemblies for use in walls to retard the passage of fire (see .).1.2 This fire-test-response standard determines the ability of door assemblies to function as a fire-resistive barrier during a standard fire endurance test. Such a test meth shall not be construed as determining the suitability of door assemblies for continued use after their exposure to fire.1.3 This fire-test-response standard is intended to evaluate the ability of a door assembly to remain in an opening during a predetermined test exposure, which when required by is then followed by the application of a hose stream (see ).1.4 The hose stream test used in this test method is not designed to be representative of an actual hose stream used by a fire department during fire suppression efforts.1.5 The fire exposure is not representative of all fire conditions, which vary with changes in the amount, nature, and distribution of the fire loading, ventilation, compartment size and configuration, and heat characteristics of the compartment. It does, however, provide a relative measure of fire endurance of door assemblies under specified fire exposure conditions.1.6 Any variation from the tested construction or test conditions will possibly change the performance characteristics of door assembly.1.7 This fire-test-response standard does not provide the following:1.7.1 The fire endurance of door assemblies constructed of materials other than those tested.1.7.2 A temperature limit on the unexposed surface of the door assembly, although the temperatures are measured and recorded.1.7.3 A limit on the number of openings allowed in glazed areas or of the number and size of lateral openings between the door and frame.1.7.4 A measurement of smoke or products of combustion that pass through the door assembly.1.7.5 A measurement of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion generated by the door assembly.Note 1The information in and may be important in determining the fire hazard or fire risk of door assemblies under actual fire conditions. This information may be determined by other suitable fire test methods. For example, flame spread and smoke development may be determined by Test Method E 84.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions1.9 This test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.1.10 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.

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4.1 A major concern for prison administrative officials is security barriers used in detention/correctional facilities. These test methods are designed to aid in identifying levels of physical security for swinging detention hollow metal door assemblies.4.2 The construction and size of test doors and all hardware components are representative of the application under investigation, and are the same construction and size throughout all of the tests.4.3 These test methods are not intended to provide a measure of resistance for a door assembly subjected to attack by corrosive agents, by high-powered rifles, explosives, sawing, or other such methods. These test methods are intended to evaluate the resistance of a door assembly to violent attacks using battering devices, such as benches, bunks, or tables; by handguns up to and including .44 magnum, UL-752 Level 3; by prying devices; by devices used to deform the door and render it inoperable; and by fires started by using mattresses, books, and other flammable materials.4.4 The primary purpose or result of these test methods is to approximate the levels of abuse to which door assemblies are potentially subjected in the field. The desired result of its use is to help provide insurance of protection to the public, to facility administrative personnel, and to the inmates themselves.4.5 It is recommended that detention/correctional facility administration provide adequate training, supervision, and preventative maintenance programs to enable door assemblies to function as intended throughout the expected service life.1.1 These test methods cover requirements for mechanical tests, simulated service test, and testing equipment for determining the performance characteristics of swinging detention hollow metal door assemblies of various styles and types of construction for use in wall openings designed to incarcerate inmates in detention/correctional institutions.1.2 These test methods test the capability of a swinging door assembly to prevent, delay, and frustrate escape, to limit or control access to unauthorized or secure areas, and to resist common types of vandalism.1.3 These test methods apply primarily to detention door assemblies to and from secure areas generally found inside detention/correctional facilities, such as: day rooms, control rooms, cells, and sally ports.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Gasket compressions produced by bolt loads in a flanged joint are important in the application engineering of a joint assembly. They are related to the ability of a gasket to seal, to maintain tightness on assembly bolts, and to a variety of other gasket properties that determine the service behavior of a joint assembly. Thus, being able to determine the degree of compression in a gasket under the bolt loading will permit one to make qualitative predictions of the behavior of a joint assembly when it comes in contact with the application or service environment. With the plug test, bending of a flange facing between bolt centers can be measured; however, in a few highly distortable flanges the maximum bending between bolt centers may not be detected.4.2 The variation in gasket compressions at selected points in a flat-face joint assembly reveals the degree of flange distortion or the ability of the flange to distribute satisfactorily the compressive forces from bolt loads throughout the gasket.1.1 This practice permits measurement of gasket compression resulting from bolt loading on a flat-face joint assembly at ambient conditions.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers cylinder burst disk assemblies for paintball marker propellant sources their application and installation requirements. The materials and processes used to manufacture the burst disk assembly shall result in items with mechanical strength sufficient to pass the applicable burst pressure tests. Materials used shall be corrosion resistant, chemically compatible with the propellant used, and shall not promote galvanic action. The burst disk assembly and related port features shall be free of burrs and sharp edges. Burst disk assemblies intended for use with the specified service pressure shall meet the prescribed rupture pressure and temperature conditions. The relief hole in the burst disk assembly shall provide for flow to adequately vent the cylinder as specified. The rupture disk and seal shall be permanently retained on the plug to provide proper alignment and assembly. The burst disk assembly and port shall conform to the physical envelope as described in the illustrations given. The burst disk shall be marked with manufacturer code and rated burst pressure. Prior to installation the mating port and the burst disk assembly shall be inspected to confirm compliance with physical envelope requirements, cleanliness, and general suitability for use.1.1 This specification covers burst disk assemblies for paintball marker propellant sources their application and installation requirements.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification deals with safeguarding against warpage and distortion during hot-dip galvanizing of steel assemblies. Common distorted and warped members of assemblies are sheets or plates assembled by welding or riveting. The following can cause warpage and distortion: use of nonsymmetrical sections such as channels; use of checkered plate; not properly vented overlapping joint for two pieces of steel; and too large assembly for a particular galvanizing kettle. Suggested corrections for panel fabrication are detailed.1.1 Steel assemblies and subassemblies fabricated by welding, such as composite structural members, sash, weldments, etc., that are to be hot-dip galvanized after fabrication, are subject to warpage and distortion of the material due to the heating and cooling integral to the galvanizing operation, particularly when it is necessary for the assembly to be dipped more than once to coat the entire surface.1.2 This specification is applicable in either inch pounds or SI units. Inch pounds and SI units are not necessarily exact equivalents. Within the text of this specification and where appropriate, SI units are shown in parentheses.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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A2.4 A2.4.1 This test method describes the testing procedure that shall be used to qualify material for use in ASTM F3111 bolts made of any steel composition permitted by this specification. The test method measures the susceptibility of the material to the influence of an externally applied potential (see A2.7.2.3.2) by testing for the threshold of embrittlement in a salt solution environment.1.1 This specification covers heat treated, alloy steel, heavy hex structural bolt/nut/washer assemblies, also referred to as “sets,” having a tensile strength of 200 to 215 ksi. These assemblies are capable of developing a minimum predetermined tension when installed by applying an initial torque followed by rotation to the nut or bolt head, while at the same time preventing the rotation of the opposite side of the assembly.NOTE 1: The installations in Appendix X1 are important to the proper application of this product.1.2 An assembly consists of a heavy hex structural head bolt, nut and two washers covered by this specification.1.3 The assemblies are available in sizes 1 in. to 1 1/4 in. inclusive.1.4 The fastener assemblies are intended for use in structural connections in the following environmental conditions:1.4.1 Interiors, normally dry, including interiors where structural steel is embedded in concrete, encased in masonry or protected by membrane or noncorrosive contact type fireproofing.1.4.2 Interiors and exteriors, normally dry, under roof, where the installed assemblies are soundly protected by a shop-applied or field-applied coating to the structural steel system.1.5 The fastener assemblies are not intended for use in structural connections in the following environments, with or without protection by a shop-applied or field-applied coating to the structural steel system:1.5.1 Exteriors not under roof.1.5.2 Chemical environments in which strong concentrations of highly corrosive gases, fumes, or chemicals, either in solution or as concentrated liquids or solids, contact the fasteners or their protective coating.1.5.3 Heavy industrial environments severe enough to be classified as a chemical environment as described in 1.5.2.1.5.4 Condensation and high humidity environments maintaining almost continuous condensation, including submerged in water and soil.1.5.5 Cathodically protected environments, in which current is applied to the structural steel system by the sacrificial anode method or the DC power method.1.6 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portions, Section 13, Section 14 and Annex A2 of this Specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 This test method evaluates the following under the specified test conditions:5.1.1 The ability of a test specimen to undergo movement without reducing its fire resistance rating, and5.1.2 The duration for which a test specimen will contain a fire and retain its integrity during a predetermined fire resistive test exposure.5.2 This test method provides for the following measurements and evaluations where applicable:5.2.1 Ability of the test specimen to movement cycle.5.2.2 Ability of the test specimen to prohibit the passage of flames and hot gases.5.2.3 Transmission of heat through the test specimen.5.2.4 Ability of the test specimen to resist the passage of water during a hose stream test.5.3 This test method does not provide the following:5.3.1 Any information about the rated wall assembly because its performance has already been determined.5.3.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the test specimen contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion.5.3.3 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the test specimen.5.3.4 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the test specimen.NOTE 3: The information in 5.3.1 – 5.3.4 may be determined by other suitable fire resistive test methods. For example, 5.3.4 may be determined by Test Method E84.5.4 In this procedure, the test specimens are subjected to one or more specific tests under laboratory conditions. When different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by, or from, this test method to predict changes to the characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the exposure conditions described in this test method.1.1 This fire-test-response test method measures the performance of a unique fire resistive joint system called a continuity head-of-wall joint system, which is designed to be used between a rated wall assembly and a nonrated horizontal assembly during a fire resistance test.1.2 This fire-test-response standard does not measure the performance of the rated wall assembly or the nonrated horizontal assembly.NOTE 1: Typically, rated wall assemblies obtain a fire resistance rating after being tested to Test Method E119, UL 263, CAN/ULC-S101, or other similar fire resistance test methods.1.3 This fire-test-response standard is not intended to evaluate the connections between rated wall assemblies and nonrated horizontal assemblies unless part of the continuity head-of-wall joint system.1.4 The fire resistive test end point is the period of time elapsing before the first performance criteria is reached when the continuity head-of-wall joint system is subjected to one of two time-temperature fire exposures.1.5 The fire exposure conditions used are either those specified by Test Method E119 for testing assemblies to standard time-temperature exposures or Test Method E1529 for testing assemblies to rapid-temperature rise fires.1.6 This test method specifies the heating conditions, methods of test, and criteria to establish a fire resistance rating only for a continuity head-of-wall joint system.1.7 Test results establish the performance of continuity head-of-wall joint systems to maintain continuity of fire resistance of the rated wall assembly where the continuity head-of-wall joint system interfaces with a nonrated horizontal assembly during the fire-exposure period.1.8 Test results shall not be construed as having determined the continuity head-of-wall joint system, nonrated horizontal assembly and the rated wall assembly’s suitability for use after that fire exposure.1.9 This test method does not provide quantitative information about the continuity head-of-wall joint system relative to the rate of leakage of smoke or gases or both. However, it requires that such phenomena be documented and reported when describing the general behavior of continuity head-of-wall joint systems during the fire resistive test but is not part of the conditions of compliance.1.10 Potentially important factors and fire characteristics not addressed by this test method include, but are not limited to:1.10.1 The performance of the continuity head-of-wall joint system constructed with components other than those tested.1.10.2 The cyclic movement capabilities of continuity head-of-wall joint systems other than the cycling conditions tested.1.11 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.12 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.13 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.14 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.15 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.1.16 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 A need exists for accurate data on heat transfer through insulated structures at representative test conditions. The data are needed to judge compliance with specifications and regulations, for design guidance, for research evaluations of the effect of changes in materials or constructions, and for verification of, or use in, simulation models. Other ASTM standards such as Test Methods C177 and C518 provide data on homogeneous specimens bounded by temperature controlled flat impervious plates. The hot box test method is more suitable for providing such data for large building elements, usually of a built-up or composite nature, which are exposed to temperature-controlled air on both sides.5.2 For the results to be representative of a building construction, only representative sections shall be tested. The test specimen shall duplicate the framing geometry, material composition and installation practice, and orientation of construction (see Section 7).5.3 This test method does not establish test conditions, specimen configuration, or data acquisition details but leaves these choices to be made in a manner consistent with the specific application being considered. Data obtained by the use of this test method is representative of the specimen performance only for the conditions of the test. It is unlikely that the test conditions will exactly duplicate in-use conditions and the user of the test results must be cautioned of possible significant differences. For example, in some specimens, especially those containing empty cavities or cavities open to one surface, the overall resistance or transmittance will depend upon the temperature difference across the test specimen due to internal convection.5.4 Detailed heat flow analysis shall precede the use of the hot box apparatus for large, complex structures. A structure that contains cavity spaces between adjacent surfaces, for example, an attic section including a ceiling with sloping roof, may be difficult to test properly. Consideration must be given to the effects of specimen size, natural air movement, ventilation effects, radiative effects, and baffles at the guard/meter interface when designing the test specimen.5.5 For vertical specimens with air spaces that significantly affect thermal performance, the metering chamber dimension shall match the effective construction height. If this is not possible, horizontal convection barriers shall be installed inside the specimen air cavities at the metering chamber boundaries to prevent air exchange between the metering and guarding areas. The operator shall note in the report any use of convection barriers. The report shall contain a warning stating that the use of the barriers might modify the heat transfer through the system causing significant errors. For ceiling tests with low density insulations, the minimum lateral dimension of the specimen shall be at least several times the dimension of the expected convection cells.5.6 Since this test method is used to determine the total heat flow through the test area demarcated by the metering box, it is possible to determine the heat flow through a building element smaller than the test area, such as a window or representative area of a panel unit, if the parallel heat flow through the remaining surrounding area is independently determined. See Annex A8 for the general method.5.7 Discussion of all special conditions used during the test shall be included in the test report (see Section 12).1.1 This test method establishes the principles for the design of a hot box apparatus and the minimum requirements for the determination of the steady state thermal performance of building assemblies when exposed to controlled laboratory conditions. This method is also used to measure the thermal performance of a building material at standardized test conditions such as those required in material Specifications C739, C764, C1224 and Practice C1373.1.2 This test method is used for large homogeneous or non-homogeneous specimens. This test method applies to building structures or composite assemblies of building materials for which it is possible to build a representative specimen that fits the test apparatus. The dimensions of specimen projections or recesses are controlled by the design of the hot box apparatus. Some hot boxes are limited to planar or nearly planar specimens. However, larger hot boxes have been used to characterize projecting skylights and attic sections. See 3.2 for a definition of the test specimen and other terms specific to this method.NOTE 1: This test method replaces Test Methods C236, the Guarded Hot Box, and C976, the Calibrated Hot Box which have been withdrawn. Test apparatus designed and operated previously under Test Methods C236 and C976 will require slight modifications to the calibration and operational procedures to meet the requirements of Test Method C1363.21.3 A properly designed and operated hot box apparatus is directly analogous to the Test Method C177 guarded hot plate for testing large specimens exposed to air induced temperature differences. The operation of a hot box apparatus requires a significant number of fundamental measurements of temperatures, areas and power. The equipment performing these measurements requires calibration to ensure that the data are accurate. During initial setup and periodic verification testing, each measurement system and sensor is calibrated against a standard traceable to a national standards laboratory. If the hot box apparatus has been designed, constructed and operated in the ideal manner, no further calibration or adjustment would be necessary. As such, the hot box is considered a primary method and the uncertainty of the result is analyzed by direct evaluation of the component measurement uncertainties of the instrumentation used in making the measurements.1.3.1 In an ideal hotbox test of a homogenous material there is no temperature difference on either the warm or cold specimen faces to drive a flanking heat flow. In addition, there would be no temperature differences that would drive heat across the boundary of the metering chamber walls. However, experience has demonstrated that maintaining a perfect guard/metering chamber balance is not possible and small corrections are needed to accurately characterize all the heat flow paths from the metering chamber. To gain this final confidence in the test result, it is necessary to benchmark the overall result of the hot box apparatus by performing measurements on specimens having known heat transfer values and comparing those results to the expected values.1.3.2 The benchmarking specimens are homogeneous panels whose thermal properties are uniform and predictable. These panels, or representative sections of the panels, have had their thermal performance measured on other devices that are directly traceable or have been favorably compared to a national standards laboratory. For example, a Test Method C177 Hot Plate, a Test Method C518 Heat Meter or another Test Method C1363 Hot Box will provide adequate specimens. Note that the use of Test Method C518 or similar apparatus creates additional uncertainty since those devices are calibrated using transfer standards or standard reference materials. By performing this benchmarking process, the hot box operator is able to develop the additional equations that predict the magnitude of the corrections to the net heat flow through the specimen that account for any hot box wall loss and flanking loss. This benchmarking provides substantial confidence that any extraneous heat flows can be eliminated or quantified with sufficient accuracy to be a minor factor of the overall uncertainty.1.4 In order to ensure an acceptable level of result uncertainty, persons applying this test method must possess a knowledge of the requirements of thermal measurements and testing practice and of the practical application of heat transfer theory relating to thermal insulation materials and systems. Detailed operating procedures, including design schematics and electrical drawings, shall be available for each apparatus to ensure that tests are in accordance with this test method.1.5 This test method is intended for use at conditions typical of normal building applications. The naturally occurring outside conditions in temperate zones range from approximately −48 to 85°C and the normal inside residential temperatures is approximately 21°C. Building materials used to construct the test specimens shall be pre-conditioned, if necessary, based upon the material’s properties and their potential variability. The preconditioning parameters shall be chosen to accurately reflect the test samples intended use and shall be documented in the report. Practice C870 may be used as a guide for test specimen conditioning. The general principles of the hot box method can be used to construct an apparatus to measure the heat flow through industrial systems at elevated temperatures. Detailed design of that type of apparatus is beyond the scope of this method.1.6 This test method permits operation under natural or forced convective conditions at the specimen surfaces. The direction of airflow motion under forced convective conditions shall be either perpendicular or parallel to the surface.1.7 The hot box apparatus also is used for measurements of individual building assemblies that are smaller than the metering area. Special characterization procedures are required for these tests. The general testing procedures for these cases are described in Annex A11.1.8 Specific procedures for the thermal testing of fenestration systems (windows, doors, skylights, curtain walls, etc.) are described in Test Method C1199 and Practice E1423.1.9 The hot box has been used to investigate the thermal behavior of non-homogeneous building assemblies such as structural members, piping, electrical outlets, or construction defects such as insulation voids.1.10 This test method sets forth the general design requirements necessary to construct and operate a satisfactory hot box apparatus, and covers a wide variety of apparatus constructions, test conditions, and operating conditions. Detailed designs conforming to this standard are not given but must be developed within the constraints of the general requirements. Examples of analysis tools, concepts and procedures used in the design, construction, characterization, and operation of a hot box apparatus is given in Refs (1-34).31.11 The hot box apparatus, when constructed to measure heat transfer in the horizontal direction, is used for testing walls and other vertical structures. When constructed to measure heat transfer in the vertical direction, the hot box is used for testing roof, ceiling, floor, and other horizontal structures. Other orientations are also permitted. The same apparatus may be used in several orientations but may require special design capability to permit repositioning to each orientation. Whatever the test orientation, the apparatus performance shall first be verified at that orientation with a specimen of known thermal resistance in place.1.12 This test method does not specify all details necessary for the operation of the apparatus. Decisions on material sampling, specimen selection, preconditioning, specimen mounting and positioning, the choice of test conditions, and the evaluation of test data shall follow applicable ASTM test methods, guides, practices or product specifications or governmental regulations. If no applicable standard exists, sound engineering judgment that reflects accepted heat transfer principles must be used and documented.1.13 This test method applies to steady-state testing and does not establish procedures or criteria for conducting dynamic tests or for analysis of dynamic test data. However, several hot box apparatuses have been operated under dynamic (non-steady-state) conditions after additional characterization (1). Additional characterization is required to insure that all aspects of the heat flow and storage are accounted for during the test. Dynamic control strategies have included both periodic or non-periodic temperature cycles, for example, to follow a diurnal cycle.1.14 This test method does not permit intentional mass transfer of air or moisture through the specimen during measurements. Air infiltration or moisture migration can alter the net heat transfer. Complicated interactions and dependence upon many variables, coupled with only a limited experience in testing under such conditions, have made it inadvisable to include this type testing in this standard. Further considerations for such testing are given in Appendix X1.1.15 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.16 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the in-service inspection and electrical testing of temporary protective grounding jumper assemblies used by electrical workers in the field on de-energized electric power lines, circuits, and equipment. These assemblies consist of flexible cables, ferrules, clamps, and connectors. The test procedures detailed here provide an objective means of determining if a grounding jumper assembly meets minimum electrical specifications. The application, care, use, and maintenance of this equipment are not addressed in this specification.1.1 This specification covers the in-service inspection and electrical testing of temporary protective grounding jumper assemblies which have been used by electrical workers in the field.1.2 This specification discusses methods for testing grounding jumper assemblies, which consist of the flexible cables, ferrules, clamps and connectors used in the temporary protective grounding of de-energized circuits.1.3 Manufacturing specifications for these grounding jumper assemblies are in Specifications F855.1.4 The application, care, use, and maintenance of this equipment are beyond the scope of this specification.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test portions of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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