5.1 This test method is intended for use in the laboratory or in the field for evaluating the cleanliness of distillate fuels, and liquid bio fuels. It is not applicable to on or in-line applications.5.2 This test method offers advantage over traditional filtration methods in that it is a precise rapid test, and advantage over visual methods as it is not subjective.5.3 An increase in particle counts can indicate a change in the fuel condition caused by storage or transfer for example.5.4 High levels of particles can cause filter blockages and have a serious impact on the life of pumps, injectors, pistons and other moving parts. Knowledge of particle size in relation to the metallurgy can provide vital information especially if the hardness of particles is also known from other sources.5.5 This test method specifies a minimum requirement for reporting measurements in particle size bands (see A1.1.2). Some specific applications may require measurements in other particle size bands.5.6 Obtaining a representative sample and following the recommended sample and test specimen preparation procedures and timescales is particularly important with particle counting methods. (See Sections 8, 10, 14.1.4 and Note 8.)5.7 This test method can also be used to estimate the total particulate counts excluding free water droplets in aviation turbine fuels by a chemical pretreatment of the fuel. See Appendix X2.1.1 This test method uses a specific automatic particle counter2 (APC) to count and measure the size of dispersed dirt particles, water droplets and other particles, in light and middle distillate fuel, and bio fuels such as biodiesel and biodiesel blends, in the overall range from 4 µm(c) to 100 µm(c) and in the size bands ≥4 µm(c), ≥6 µm(c), and ≥14 µm(c).NOTE 1: ASTM and military specification fuels falling within the scope of this test method include Specifications: D975 grades 1D and 2D, D1655, D3699, D4814 (see 14.1.1.1), D6751, D7467, distillate grades of D396 and D2880, MIL-DTL-83133, and MIL-DTL-16884.NOTE 2: For the purposes of this test method, water droplets are counted as particles, and agglomerated particles are detected and counted as a single larger particle. Dirt includes biological particles. Although the projected area of a particle is measured, this is expressed as the diameter of a sphere for the purposes of this test method.NOTE 3: The notation (c), used with particle sizes, is used to denote that the apparatus has been calibrated in accordance with ISO 11171. Strictly this only applies to particles up to 50 µm.NOTE 4: This test method may be used for particle sizes bands up to 100 µm(c), however the precision has only been determined for the size bands ≥4 µm(c), ≥6 µm(c), and ≥14 µm(c). All measurements are per millilitre.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

4.1 This guide provides persons responsible for designing and implementing wastewater sampling programs with a summary of the types of automatic wastewater samplers, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of samplers, and addresses recommended procedures for their use. The field settings are primarily, but not limited to, open channel flows in enclosed (e.g., sewer) systems or open (e.g., streams or open ditches, and sampling pressure lines) systems.1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of automatic wastewater samplers, including procedures for their use in obtaining representative samples. Automatic wastewater samplers are intended for the unattended collection of samples that are representative of the parameters of interest in the wastewater body. While this guide primarily addresses the sampling of wastewater, the same automatic samplers may be used to sample process streams and natural water bodies.1.2 The guide does not address general guidelines for planning waste sampling activities (see Guide D4687), development of data quality objectives (see Practice D5792), the design of monitoring systems and determination of the number of samples to collect (see Guide D6311), operational details of any specific type of sampler, in-situ measurement of parameters of interest, data assessment and statistical interpretation of resultant data (see Guide D6233), or sampling and field quality assurance (see Guide D5612). It also does not address sampling groundwater.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3.1 Exception—The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

SNM monitors are an effective and unobtrusive means to search pedestrians for concealed SNM. Nuclear facility security plans often include SNM monitors as one means to help prevent theft or unauthorized removal of designated quantities of SNM from access areas. This guide describes a way to evaluate and categorize the relative performance of available SNM monitors that might be considered for use in a security plan. The significance of the evaluation for monitor users is that evaluated monitoring equipment has a verified capability. Unexpected deficiencies such as low sensitivity for highly self-absorbing forms of SNM, lower than expected sensitivity in areas having high natural background intensity, or a high nuisance-alarm probability from electronic noise or faulty alarm logic often can be detected during evaluation and corrected before a monitor is placed in operation or further marketed. The significance of the evaluation for monitor manufacturers is that it may disclose deficiencies in design or construction that, when corrected, will improve the product. A monitor verified to be in a particular sensitivity category will be a product that customers who need that level of performance can purchase in good faith. The established sensitivity categories for evaluated monitors will provide information to regulatory agencies on the performance range of monitoring equipment for detecting small quantities of SNM. Independent monitor evaluation will encourage monitor manufacturers to provide appropriate documentation for calibrating and operating their monitors to obtain the best possible performance for detecting SNM. The underlying assumptions in this guide are that SNM monitors are applied in a wide range of background environments at facilities that process a variety of chemical and physical forms of SNM. The operational experience with a monitor at one facility provides little comparative information for a user of SNM monitors at another facility where the environment and materials are different. A laboratory evaluation in a characterized environment using characterized test sources and providing information on both SNM detection probability and nuisance alarm probability does provide useful comparative information on different monitors. The user of evaluation results is warned that the results are comparative ones for selection of monitoring equipment used to detect small quantities of SNM. Obtaining equivalent or better results for monitoring small quantities of SNM at any facility rests on properly installing the monitor at an appropriate location, maintaining monitor calibration, keeping the monitor in good repair with a testing and maintenance program, and providing proper training for operating personnel. The evaluation uses essentially unshielded test sources; hence, results are based on detecting the entire gamma-ray or neutron spectrum of the sources. The effect of deliberate use of shielding materials on the performance of SNM monitors is beyond the scope of this guide.1.1 The requirement to search pedestrians for special nuclear material (SNM) to prevent its theft has long been a part of both United States Department of Energy and United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission rules for the physical protection of SNM. Information on the application of SNM monitors to perform such searches is provided in Guide C1112. This guide establishes a means to compare the performance of different SNM pedestrian monitors operating in a specific laboratory environment. The goal is to provide relative information on the capability of monitors to search pedestrians for small quantities of concealed SNM under characterized conditions. The outcome of testing assigns a sensitivity category to a monitor related to its SNM mass-detection probability; the monitor’s corresponding nuisance-alarm probability for that sensitivity category is also determined and reported. 1.2 The evaluation uses a practical set of worst-case environmental, radiation emission, and radiation response factors so that a monitor’s lowest level of performance in a practical operating environment for detecting small quantities of SNM is evaluated. As a result, when that monitor is moved from laboratory to routine operation, its performance will likely improve. This worst-case procedure leads to unclassified evaluation results that understate rather than overstate the performance of a properly used SNM monitor in operational use. 1.3 The evaluation applies to two types of SNM monitors that are used to detect small quantities of SNM. Both are automatic monitors; one monitors pedestrians as they walk through a portal formed by the monitor’s radiation detectors (walkthrough or portal monitor), and the other monitors pedestrians who are stationary for a short period of time while they are monitored (wait-in monitor). The latter can be a portal monitor with a delay mechanism to halt a pedestrian for a few seconds or it can be an access-control booth or room that contains radiation detectors to monitor a pedestrian waiting for clearance to pass. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 Determination of the color of petroleum products is used mainly for manufacturing control purposes and is an important quality characteristic because color is readily observed by the user of the product. In some cases the color may serve as an indication of the degree of refinement of the material. When the color range of a particular product is known, a variation outside the established range may indicate possible contamination with another product. However, color is not always a reliable guide to product quality and should not be used indiscriminately in product specifications.1.1 This test method covers the automatic determination of color of a wide variety of petroleum products such as undyed motor and aviation gasoline, aviation turbine fuels, naphthas, kerosine, pharmaceutical white oils, diesel fuel oils, heating oils, and lubricating oils by the automatic tristimulus method. This test method correlates to Test Method D156 and Test Method D1500 as calculated by the instrumentation.NOTE 1: With the appropriate sample handling, this test method would apply to petroleum waxes, but they were not used in the round robin, and the precision of this test method with regard to waxes is unknown.1.2 This test method reports results in terms of Test Method D156 or Test Method D1500.1.3 This test method has a one-to-one correlation for the entire range of Test Method D1500 ASTM Color and for the range from 0 to +30 for Test Method D156 Saybolt color.1.4 This test method does not apply to solid samples, petroleum products containing dye, and petroleum products having extreme fluorescence.1.5 This test method does not apply to cloudy samples. Such samples shall be filtered so they are clear before measuring.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This provisional test method covers the determination of maximum specific gravity of loose bituminous mixtures, as defined in Terminology E 1547, by the vacuum sealing method.1.2 This method can be used with 100 and 150 mm diameter compacted bituminous laboratory and field specimens.1.3 The bulk specific gravity of the compacted bituminous mixtures may be used in calculating the unit weight of the mixture.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.Note 1—Provisional standards require only subcommittee consensus and are published for a limited time of two years. The provisional process was used because of the immediate need for this method to be used in testing pavement mixtures with open graded design, mixtures that readily absorb water and mixtures that allow water to rapidly penetrate and drain out.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

1.1 This provisional test method covers the determination of maximum specific gravity of and density of uncompacted bituminous paving mixtures at 25°C (77°F).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The other units given may be approximate and are given to help the user interpret units on available standard equipment used with this provisional test method.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1—Provisional standards require only subcommittee consensus and are published for a limited time of two years. The provisional process was used because agencies and private organizations have an immediate need for a method that will save time and accurately reduce water absorption by absorptive mixes, eliminating the need for post vacuum "dry back" correction and stripping. This method provides a quick way to test loose bitminous mixtures for maximum specific gravity.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 Representative samples of petroleum and petroleum products are required for the determination of chemical and physical properties, which are used to establish standard volumes, prices, and compliance with commercial terms and regulatory requirements. This practice does not cover sampling of electrical insulating oils and hydraulic fluids. This practice does not address how to sample crude at temperatures below the freezing point of water.PART I—GeneralThis part is applicable to all petroleum liquid sampling whether it be crude oil or refined products. Review this section before designing or installing any automatic sampling system.1.1 This practice describes general procedures and equipment for automatically obtaining samples of liquid petroleum and petroleum products, crude oils, and intermediate products from the sample point into the primary container. This practice also provides additional specific information about sample container selection, preparation, and sample handling. If sampling is for the precise determination of volatility, use Practice D5842 (API MPMS Chapter 8.4) in conjunction with this practice. For sample mixing and handling, refer to Practice D5854 (API MPMS Chapter 8.3). This practice does not cover sampling of electrical insulating oils and hydraulic fluids.1.2 Table of Contents:   SectionINTRODUCTION   1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3 4PART I–GENERAL  Representative Sampling Components 5Design Criteria 6Automatic Sampling Systems 7Sampling Location 8Mixing of the Flowing Stream 9Proportionality 10Sample Extractor Grab Volume 11Containers 12Sample Handling and Mixing 13Control Systems 14Sample System Security 15System Proving (Performance Acceptance Tests) 16Performance Monitoring 17PART II–CRUDE OIL  Crude Oil 18PART III–REFINED PRODUCTS  Refined Products 19KEYWORDS  Keywords 20ANNEXES  Calculations of the Margin of Error based on Number of Sample Grabs Annex A1Theoretical Calculations for Selecting the Sampler Probe Location Annex A2Portable Sampling Units Annex A3Profile Performance Test Annex A4Sampler Acceptance Test Data Annex A5APPENDIXES  Design Data Sheet for Automatic Sampling System Appendix X1Comparisons of Percent Sediment and Water versus Unloading Time Period Appendix X2Sampling Frequency and Sampling System Monitoring Spreadsheet Appendix X3Sampling System Monitoring—Additional Diagnostics Appendix X41.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or US Customary (USC) units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Except where there is no direct SI equivalent, such as for National Pipe Threads/diameters, or tubing.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 918元 / 折扣价： 781 元 加购物车

5.1 SNM monitors are an effective means to search pedestrians for concealed SNM. Maintaining monitor effectiveness rests on appropriate calibration and adjustment being part of a continuing maintenance program.5.2 The significance of this guide for monitor users who must detect SNM is to describe calibration and adjustment procedures for the purpose.5.3 The significance of this guide for monitor manufacturers is to describe calibration procedures, particularly for detecting forms of SNM that may not be readily available to them.1.1 This guide covers calibrating the energy response of the radiation detectors and setting the discriminator and alarm thresholds used in automatic pedestrian special nuclear material (SNM) monitors.1.2 Automatic pedestrian SNM Monitors and their application are described in Guide C1112, which suggests that the monitors be calibrated and tested when installed and that, thereafter, the calibration should be checked and the monitor tested with SNM at three-month intervals.1.3 Dependable operation of SNM monitors rests, in part, on an effective program to test, calibrate, and maintain them. The procedures and methods described in this guide may help both to achieve dependable operation and obtain timely warning of misoperation.1.4 This guide can be used in conjunction with other ASTM standards. Fig. 1 illustrates the relationship between calibration and other procedures described in standard guides, and it also shows how the guides relate to an SNM monitor user. The guides below the user in the figure deal with routine procedures for operational monitors. Note that Guide C993 is an in-plant performance evaluation that is used to verify acceptable detection of SNM after a monitor is calibrated. The guides shown above the user in Fig. 1 give information on applying SNM monitors (C1112) and on evaluating SNM monitors (C1169) to provide comparative information on monitor performance.FIG. 1 The Relationship of Calibration to Other Procedures Described in Standard Guides for SNM Monitors1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, power steering fluids, and hydraulic oils are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Low-temperature viscosity limits of these fluids are often specified to ensure their suitability for use and are cited in many specifications.5.2 The manual test method, Test Method D2983, was developed to determine whether a gear oil or an automatic transmission fluid (ATF) would meet low-temperature performance criterion originally defined using a particular model viscometer.4 The viscosity range covered in the original ATF performance correlation studies was from less than 1000 mPa·s to more than 60 000 mPa·s. The success of these correlations and the development of this test method with gear oil and ATF performance has over time been applied to other fluids and lubricants such as hydraulic fluids, and etc.5.3 Some formulated fluid types may form a structure, presumably due to the presence of wax, when soaked at or below a certain low temperature. The viscometer’s spindle rotation can degrade this structure during the viscosity measurement, which may result in a decrease in the apparent viscosity as the step time increases. This decrease in a fluid’s apparent viscosity is often referred to as shear thinning. A sample that exhibits a high initial apparent viscosity may impede the lubrication of certain machinery, such as automatic transmissions.4 However, it is not unusual to see a sample exhibit shear thinning behaviour when measuring high viscosity products such as gear oils, especially those formulated using solvent refined base stocks. It is recommended, that if this phenomenon is observed in ATF or similar low viscosity products, the suitability of the fluid for the application should be carefully considered. If desired, Test Method D5133 or D6821, may be used to study the behavior of these fluids.5.4 The viscosity determined by this test method using option A was found to be statistically indistinguishable from Test Method D2983 – 16 measurements based on the ILS data to establish this test method’s precision. The ILS results were consistent with the data obtained on numerous ATF and gear oils evaluated in developing this test method.55.5 Due to the shorter time at test temperature, results from the abbreviated thermal conditioning (Option B) may differ from results obtained with the 14 h soak at test temperature (Option A). For the samples used in developing this test method, results obtained with the abbreviated procedure (Option B) tended to be less than 14 h soak (Option A). This difference seemed to be larger for products that contained high wax base stock.1.1 This test method automates the determination of low temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of driveline and hydraulic fluids, such as automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, hydraulic fluids, and other lubricants. It utilizes a thermoelectrically temperature-controlled sample chamber along with a programmable rotational viscometer. This test method covers a viscosity range of 300 mPa·s to 900 000 mPa·s measured at temperatures from –40 °C to –10 °C.1.2 The precision data were determined at –40 °C and –26 °C for a viscosity range of 6380 mPa·s to 255 840 mPa·s.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard except those noted below.1.3.1 Exception—The test method uses the SI unit, milliPascal-second (mPa·s), as the unit of viscosity. (1 cP = 1 mPa·s).1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining the mean grain size, and the distribution of grain intercept lengths or grain areas, for polycrystalline metals and nonmetallic materials with equiaxed or deformed grain shapes, with uniform or duplex grain size distributions, and for single phase or multiphase grain structures.5.2 The measurements are performed using semiautomatic digitizing tablet image analyzers or automatic image analyzers. These devices relieve much of the tedium associated with manual measurements, thus permitting collection of a larger amount of data and more extensive sampling which will produce better statistical definition of the grain size than by manual methods.5.3 The precision and relative accuracy of the test results depend on the representativeness of the specimen or specimens, quality of specimen preparation, clarity of the grain boundaries (etch technique and etchant used), the number of grains measured or the measurement area, errors in detecting grain boundaries or grain interiors, errors due to detecting other features (carbides, inclusions, twin boundaries, and so forth), the representativeness of the fields measured, and programming errors.5.4 Results from these test methods may be used to qualify material for shipment in accordance with guidelines agreed upon between purchaser and manufacturer, to compare different manufacturing processes or process variations, or to provide data for structure-property-behavior studies.1.1 These test methods are used to determine grain size from measurements of grain intercept lengths, intercept counts, intersection counts, grain boundary length, and grain areas.1.2 These measurements are made with a semiautomatic digitizing tablet or by automatic image analysis using an image of the grain structure produced by a microscope.1.3 These test methods are applicable to any type of grain structure or grain size distribution as long as the grain boundaries can be clearly delineated by etching and subsequent image processing, if necessary.1.4 These test methods are applicable to measurement of other grain-like microstructures, such as cell structures.1.5 This standard deals only with the recommended test methods and nothing in it should be construed as defining or establishing limits of acceptability or fitness for purpose of the materials tested.1.6 The sections appear in the following order:Section Section  1Referenced Documents  2Terminology  3 Definitions  3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard  3.2 Symbols  3.3Summary of Test Method  4  5Interferences  6Apparatus  7Sampling  8Test Specimens  9Specimen Preparation 10Calibration 11Procedure:   Semiautomatic Digitizing Tablet 12 Intercept Lengths 12.3 Intercept and Intersection Counts 12.4 Grain Counts 12.5 Grain Areas 12.6 ALA Grain Size 12.6.1 Two-Phase Grain Structures 12.7Procedure:   Automatic Image Analysis 13 Grain Boundary Length 13.5 Intersection Counts 13.6 Mean Chord (Intercept) Length/Field 13.7.2 Individual Chord (Intercept) Lengths 13.7.4 Grain Counts 13.8 Mean Grain Area/Field 13.9 Individual Grain Areas 13.9.4 ALA Grain Size 13.9.8 Two-Phase Grain Structures 13.10Calculation of Results 14Test Report 15Precision and Bias 16Grain Size of Non-Equiaxed Grain Structure Specimens Annex A1Examples of Proper and Improper Grain Boundary Delineation Annex A21.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

5.1 The freezing point of an aviation fuel is the lowest temperature at which the fuel remains free of solid hydrocarbon crystals. These crystals can restrict the flow of fuel through the fuel system of the aircraft. The temperature of the fuel in the aircraft tank normally decreases during flight depending on aircraft speed, altitude, and flight duration. The freezing point of the fuel must always be lower than the minimum operational fuel temperature.5.2 Petroleum blending operations require precise measurement of the freezing point.5.3 This test method produces results which have been found to be equivalent to Test Method D2386 and expresses results to the nearest 0.1 °C, with improved precision over Test Method D2386. This test method also eliminates most of the operator time and judgment required by Test Method D2386.5.4 When specification requires Test Method D2386, do not substitute this test method or any other test method.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature below which solid hydrocarbon crystals form in aviation turbine fuels.1.2 This test method is designed to cover the temperature range of −80 °C to 20 °C; however, 2003 Joint ASTM/IP Interlaboratory Cooperative Test Program mentioned in 12.4 has only demonstrated the test method with fuels having freezing points in the range of −42 °C to −60 °C.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.1, 7.3, and 7.5.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 The purpose of this test method is to define a procedure for testing components being considered for installation into a high-purity gas distribution system. Application of this test method is expected to yield comparable data among components tested for the purposes of qualification for this installation.1.1 This test method covers the testing of automatic valves for cycle life utilizing static, no-flow conditions. This no-flow condition is felt to be a realistic test to determine the valve's cycle life.1.2 This test method applies to automatically operated valves. It is intended to measure the cycle life of the valve itself including the seat and body sealing. It does not include cycle testing of the actuator. Testing must include both pressure testing and helium leak testing and must include vacuum test conditions when appropriate. This test method may be applied to a broad range of valve sizes.1.3 Limitations: 1.3.1 This test is not designed to evaluate the performance of the actuator. This test method addresses the gas system contamination aspects of the valve performance, that is, seat and body leakage and diaphragm or bellows failure. If the actuator fails during the evaluation, the valve is deemed as a failure.1.3.2 While the requirements of a valve's performance might include items such as particulate generation levels, this test method only attempts to evaluate cycle life and performance degradation as they relate to the ability of the valve to operate and shut off flow.1.3.3 This test method is written with the assumption that the operator understands the use of the apparatus at a level equivalent to six months of experience.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 This test method is intended for use in analytical laboratories including on-site in-service oil analysis laboratories. Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is often employed for wear metal analysis (Test Methods D5185 and D6595). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (Test Methods D445, D2896, D6304, and D7279). Molecular spectroscopy (Practice E2412) provides direct information on molecular species of interest including additives, lubricant degradation products and contaminating fluids such as water, fuel and glycol. Direct imaging integrated testers provide complementary information on particle count, particle size, particle type, and soot content.5.2 Particles in lubricating and hydraulic oils are detrimental because they increase wear, clog filters and accelerate oil degradation.5.3 Particle count may aid in assessing the capability of a filtration system to clean the fluid, determine if off-line recirculating filtration is needed to clean the fluid, or aid in the decision whether or not to change the fluid.5.4 An increase in the concentration and size of wear particles is indicative of incipient failure or component change out. Predictive maintenance by oil analysis monitors the concentration and size of wear particles on a periodic basis to predict failure.5.5 High soot levels in diesel engine lubricating oil may indicate abnormal engine operation.1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle concentration, particle size distribution, particle shape, and soot content for new and in-service oils used for lubrication and hydraulic systems by a direct imaging integrated tester.1.1.1 The test method is applicable to petroleum and synthetic based fluids. Samples from 2 mm2/s to 150 mm2/s at 40 °C may be processed directly. Samples of greater viscosity may be processed after solvent dilution.1.1.2 Particles measured are in the range from 4 μm to ≥ 70 μm with the upper limit dependent upon passing through a 100 μm mesh inlet screen.1.1.3 Particle concentration measured may be as high as 5 000 000 particles per mL without significant coincidence error.1.1.4 Particle shape is determined for particles greater than approximately 20 µm in length. Particles are categorized into the following categories: sliding, cutting, fatigue, nonmetallic, fibers, water droplets, and air bubbles.1.1.5 Soot is determined up to approximately 1.5 % by weight.1.1.6 This test method uses objects of known linear dimension for calibration.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The pour point of a petroleum product is an index of the lowest temperature of its utility for certain applications. Flow characteristics, like pour point, can be critical for the correct operation of lubricating systems, fuel systems, and pipeline operations.5.2 Petroleum blending operations require precise measurement of the pour point.5.3 Test results from this test method can be determined at either 1 °C or 3 °C intervals.5.4 This test method yields a pour point in a format similar to Test Method D97/IP 15 when the 3 °C interval results are reported. However, when specification requires Test Method D97/IP 15, do not substitute this test method.NOTE 2: Since some users may wish to report their results in a format similar to Test Method D97/IP 15 (in 3 °C intervals), the precision data were derived for the 3 °C intervals. For statements on bias relative to Test Method D97/IP 15, see 13.3.1.5.5 This test method has better repeatability and reproducibility relative to Test Method D97/IP 15 as measured in the 1998 interlaboratory test program (see Section 13).1.1 This test method covers the determination of pour point of petroleum products by an automatic apparatus that applies a slightly positive air pressure onto the specimen surface while the specimen is being cooled.1.2 This test method is designed to cover the range of temperatures from −57 °C to +51 °C; however, the range of temperatures included in the (1998) interlaboratory test program only covered the temperature range from −51 °C to −11 °C.1.3 Test results from this test method can be determined at either 1 °C or 3 °C testing intervals.1.4 This test method is not intended for use with crude oils.NOTE 1: The applicability of this test method on residual fuel samples has not been verified. For further information on the applicability, refer to 13.4.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 The results obtained from this method can be used to determine the unit weight of compacted asphalt mixtures, and in conjunction with Test Method D3203/D3203M, to obtain percent air voids. These values in turn may be used in determining the relative degree of compaction.4.2 Since specific gravity has no units, it must be converted to density in order to do calculations that require units. This conversion is made by multiplying the specific gravity at a given temperature by the density of water at the same temperature.4.3 This method can be used for 100 mm [4 in.] and 150 mm [6 in.] diameter cylindrical as well as cubical asphalt mixture specimens to correct for inconsistencies in sample weight determinations resulting from drainage of water from samples and inaccuracy in saturated surface dry weight of absorptive coarse and open-graded mixes. Asphalt mixes such as stone matrix asphalt (SMA), porous friction course, and coarse-graded mixes with significant surface texture and interconnected voids can be tested with this method. Follow manufacturer recommendation for appropriate bag sizes to be utilized with cubical and abnormally shaped samples.4NOTE 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk specific gravity of compacted asphalt mixtures by the vacuum sealing method.1.2 This method can be used for compacted cylindrical and cubical laboratory and field asphalt mixture specimens.1.3 The bulk specific gravity of the compacted asphalt mixtures may be used in calculating the unit weight of the mixture.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车