定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice for plane-strain fracture toughness testing of aluminum alloys may be used as a supplement to Test Method E399. The application of this practice is primarily intended for quality assurance and material release in cases where valid plane-strain fracture toughness data cannot be obtained per Test Method E399.5.2 It must be understood that the interpretations and guidelines in this practice do not alter the validity requirements of Test Method E399 or promote the designation of data that are invalid according to Test Method E399 to a “valid” condition. This practice is primarily concerned with cases where it is not possible or practical to obtain valid data, but where material release judgments must be made against specified fracture toughness values. Where it is possible to obtain a valid plane-strain fracture toughness value by replacement testing according to Test Method E399, that is the preferred approach.1.1 This practice is applicable to the fracture toughness testing of all aluminum alloys, tempers, and products, especially in cases where the tests are being made to establish whether or not individual lots meet the requirements of specifications and should be released to customers.1.2 Test Method E399 is the basic test method to be used for plane-strain fracture toughness testing of aluminum alloys. The purpose of this practice is to provide supplementary information for plane-strain fracture toughness of aluminum alloys in three main areas:1.2.1 Specimen sampling,1.2.2 Specimen size selection, and1.2.3 Interpretation of invalid test results.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3.1 Exception—Certain inch-pound values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.4 This standard is currently written to accommodate only C(T) specimens.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The viscous and elastic behavior of unvulcanized rubbers and rubber compounds is of paramount importance in rubber manufacturing, since it affects processing, such as mixing, calendering, extrusion, and molding. The uniformity of these properties is equally important, as fluctuations will cause upsets in manufacturing processes.5.2 A test capable of measuring viscosity and elasticity of unvulcanized rubbers and rubber compounds, including their uniformity and prediction of processing behavior, is therefore highly desirable (see Practice D6048 for further information).5.3 Compared to many other rheological tests, this test method measures viscosity and elasticity related parameters under conditions of low shear and has a high discriminating power. It can detect small rheological differences. A full discussion of the principles behind stress relaxation testing is given in Practice D6048.5.4 Test results of this test method may be useful in predicting processability, but correlation with actual manufacturing processes must be established in each individual case, since conditions vary too widely.5.5 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee purposes, and research and development work.1.1 This test method is an adaptation of the German Standard DIN 53514, a further development of the former “Defo Test” (see Appendix X1).1.2 This test method is capable of measuring and characterizing the rheological behavior (viscosity and elasticity) of unvulcanized raw rubbers and rubber compounds, relating to the macro structure of rubber polymers (average molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, long chain branching, and micro- and macro-gel).1.3 The viscosity and elasticity of unvulcanized rubbers and rubber compounds are determined by subjecting cylindrical test pieces to a compression/recovery cycle. The dependency on shear rate at constant shear stress is evaluated and the material fatigue behavior is determined in repeat cycle testing.1.4 The non-Newtonian viscous and elastic behavior of rubbers and rubber compounds can also be evaluated.1.5 Statistical evaluation of the test data provides an indication of data variation, which may be employed as an estimate of the homogeneity of the material tested.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

1.1 This test method covers the determination of elastic moduli of intact rock core specimens in uniaxial compression. It specifies the apparatus, instrumentation, and procedures for determining the stress-axial strain and the stress-lateral strain curves, as well as Young's modulus, E, and Poisson's ratio, vNote 1—This test method does not include the procedures necessary to obtain a stress-strain curve beyond the ultimate strength.1.2 For an isotropic material, the relation between the shear and bulk moduli and Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio are: Equation 1 G = E 2(1 + v) Equation 2 K = E 3(1 - 2v) where: G = shear modulus, K = bulk modulus, E = Young's modulus, and v = Poisson's ratio. The engineering applicability of these equations is decreased if the rock is anisotropic. When possible, it is desirable to conduct tests in the plane of foliation, bedding, etc., and at right angles to it to determine the degree of anisotropy. It is noted that equations developed for isotropic materials may give only approximate calculated results if the difference in elastic moduli in any two directions is greater than 10 % for a given stress level. Note 2—Elastic moduli measured by sonic methods may often be employed as preliminary measures of anisotropy.1.3 The test method given for determining the elastic constants does not apply to rocks that undergo significant inelastic strains during the test, such as potash and salt. The elastic moduli for such rocks should be determined from unload-reload cycles, which is not covered by this test method.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This test method covers the determination of elastic moduli of intact rock core specimens in undrained triaxial compression. It specifies the apparatus, instrumentation, and procedures for determining the stress-axial strain and the stress-lateral strain curves, as well as Young's modulus, E, and Poisson's ratio, v.Note 1--This test method does not include the procedures necessary to obtain a stress-strain curve beyond the ultimate strength.1.2 For an isotropic material, the relation between the shear and bulk moduli and Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio are: Equation 1 - G = E/2(1 + v) Equation 2 - K = E/3(1 - 2v)where:G = shear modulus,K = bulk modulus,E = Young's modulus, andv = Poisson's ratio.1.2.1 The engineering applicability of these equations is decreased if the rock is anisotropic. When possible, it is desirable to conduct tests in the plane of foliation, bedding, etc., and at right angles to it to determine the degree of anisotropy. It is noted that equations developed for isotropic materials may give only approximate calculated results if the difference in elastic moduli in any two directions is greater than 10 % for a given stress level.Note 2--Elastic moduli measured by sonic methods may often be employed as preliminary measures of anisotropy.1.3 This test method given for determining the elastic constants does not apply to rocks that undergo significant inelastic strains during the test, such as potash and salt. The elastic moduli for such rocks should be determined from unload-reload cycles, that is not covered by this test method.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions are given in Section 6.

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1.1 This specification covers joint sealants of the hot-poured type intended for use in sealing joints and cracks in portland cement concrete and asphaltic concrete pavements.1.2 This standard does not purport to cover the properties required of sealants for use in areas of portland cement concrete pavement subject to jet fuel or other fuel spillage, such as aircraft refueling and maintenance areas.1.3 The values in inch-pound units are the standard.

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6.1 This test method provides standard procedures for experimentally determining the XEC for use in the measurement of residual and applied stresses using x-ray diffraction techniques. It also provides a standard means of reporting the precision of the XEC.6.2 This test method is applicable to any crystalline material that exhibits a linear relationship between stress and strain in the elastic range, that is, only applicable to elastic loading.6.3 This test method should be used whenever residual stresses are to be evaluated by x-ray diffraction techniques and the XEC of the material are unknown.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for experimentally determining the x-ray elastic constants (XEC) for the evaluation of residual and applied stresses by x-ray diffraction techniques. The XEC relate macroscopic stress to the strain measured in a particular crystallographic direction in polycrystalline samples. The XEC are a function of the elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio of the material and the hkl plane selected for the measurement. There are two XEC that are referred to as 1/2 S2hkl and S1 hkl.1.2 This test method is applicable to all x-ray diffraction instruments intended for measurements of macroscopic residual stress that use measurements of the positions of the diffraction peaks in the high back-reflection region to determine changes in lattice spacing.1.3 This test method is applicable to all x-ray diffraction techniques for residual stress measurement, including single, double, and multiple exposure techniques.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the rigidity of bone staples. 1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元