1.1 This specification covers annealed, drawn, or rolled shapes for electrical heating purposes, of alloys having the nominal compositions of 80 % nickel and 20 % chromium; 60 % nickel, 16 % chromium, and remainder iron; and 35 % nickel, 20 % chromium, and remainder iron; 38 % nickel, 21 % chromium, and remainder iron; and 35 % nickel, 20 % chromium remainder iron.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers solid hard-drawn aluminum wire manufactured for electrical applications. 1.2 This specification contains requirements that are not in accordance with Specification B230. 1.3 This specification is a North American harmonized document. (Canada, Mexico, and the United States). 1.4 Products manufactured in compliance with this standard will also be in agreement with IEC 889. 1.5 This specification sets forth requirements in metric units. 1.6 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portion, Section 13, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This specification applies to flexible fluoropolymer resin heat-shrinkable extruded tubing made from tetrafluoroethylene resin, copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene (FEP), and from perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) resin for use as electrical insulation. This specification covers three types of tubings, namely: Type I tubing, normally made by paste extrusion, and Type II and Type III tubings, normally made by melt extrusion. The finished compound shall be free of all foreign matter other than intended formulation additives. The material shall conform to the specified chemical and physical property requirements such as: (1) restricted shrinkage, (2) specific gravity, (3) longitudinal change, (4) tensile modulus at elongation, (5) volume resistivity, (6) dielectric breakdown voltage, (7) heat resistance, (8) low-temperature flexibility, and (9) melting point. The dimensional requirements after unrestrictive shrinkage such as inside diameter, wall thickness, and stock lengths are specified. The sampling and test methods to determine conformance to the specified requirements are given.1.1 This specification applies to flexible heat-shrinkable extruded tubing made from tetrafluoroethylene resin, copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene, and from perfluoroalkoxy resin for use as electrical insulation. This specification excludes crosslinked poly(vinylidene fluoride) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) copolymer which are covered under Specification D3144.NOTE 1: This standard is similar but not identical to IEC 60684-3-240.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard, except temperature, which shall be stated in degrees Celsius. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Different combinations of varnishes and film-insulated magnet wire behave differently when exposed to elevated temperatures. This includes different varnishes tested with the same film-insulated magnet wire and a single varnish tested with different film-insulated magnet wire.5.2 This test method is used to determine the effect on the electrical properties of a varnish applied to film-insulated magnet wire when the combination is exposed to prescribed elevated temperatures.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thermal endurance characteristics of electrical insulating varnishes and film-insulated magnet wire in combination.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: This test method is equivalent to IEC 60172.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The infrared spectrum of an electrical insulating oil is a record of the absorption of infrared energy over a range of wavelengths. The spectrum indicates the general chemical composition of the test specimen.NOTE 2: The infrared spectrum of a pure chemical compound is probably the most characteristic property of that compound. However, in the case of oils, multicomponent systems are being examined whose spectra are the sum total of all the spectra of the individual components. Because the absorption bands of the components may overlap, the spectrum of the oil is not as sharply defined as that for a single compound. For these reasons, these practices may not in every case be suitable for the quantitative estimation of the components of such a complex mixture as mineral oil.1.1 These practices are to be used for the recording and interpretation of infrared absorption spectra of electrical insulating oils from 4000 cm−1 to 400 cm−1 (2.5 μm to 25 μm).NOTE 1: While these practices are specific to ratio recording or optical null double-beam dispersive spectrophotometers, single-beam and HATR (horizontal attenuated total reflectance), Fourier-transform rapid scan infrared spectrophotometers may also be used. By computerized subtraction techniques, ratio methods can be used. Any of these types of equipment may be suitable if they comply with the specifications described in Practice E932.1.2 Two practices are covered, a Reference Standard Practice and a Differential Practice.1.3 These practices are designed primarily for use as rapid continuity tests for identifying a shipment of oil from a supplier by comparing its spectrum with that obtained from previous shipments, or with the sample on which approval tests were made. They also may be used for the detection of certain types of contamination in oils, and for the identification of oils in storage or service, by comparison of the spectra of the unknown and known oils. The practices are not intended for the determination of the various constituents of an oil.1.4 Warning—Infrared absorption is a tool of high resolving power. Conclusions as to continuity of oil quality should not be drawn until sufficient data have been accumulated so that the shipment-to-shipment variation is clearly established, for example.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the manufacture, testing, and property requirements of two types of flexible crosslinked chlorinated polyolefin heat-shrinkable tubing used for electrical insulating purposes. It is supplied in an expanded form and will shrink to the specified diameter when heated. Type I tubing is used for normal operating temperatures, while Type II tubing is used for extended operating temperatures. The finished compound shall be free of foreign matter other than antioxidants, flame retardants, processing aids, crosslinking agents, pigments or other additives as appropriate. The final tubing shall be extruded, crosslinked and then expanded to the required dimensions. Specimens shall be sampled and tested accordingly for the following properties: corrosion by copper mirror and copper contact test; solvent resistance by immersion in Grade JP-4 fuel, lubricating oil, hydraulic fluid, sodium chloride solution, anti-icing fluid, and aviation gasoline; flammability (time of burning and burning distance); water absorption; and tensile strength, ultimate elongation, and weight increase.1.1 This specification covers flexible crosslinked chlorinated polyolefin heat-shrinkable tubing used for electrical insulating purposes. It is supplied in an expanded form and will shrink to the specified diameter when heated.NOTE 1: This standard does not have a similar or equivalent IEC standard.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 In some cases, temperatures are described in degrees Celsius only.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Self-adhesion is a primary initial property since it affects layer-to-layer bonding. The integrity of the bond can significantly affect the electrical and physical performance of the insulation system. Therefore, the degree of self-adhesion is directly related to apparatus performance.5.2 A high degree of self-adhesion is desirable for most electrical applications. In this test, a short unwinding length indicates a high degree of self-adhesion.5.3 This test method has been found useful as a quality control test for lot acceptance.1.1 These test methods cover tests for bondable silicone rubber tapes which form a sealed structure either with the application of heat (and pressure if needed) or by the process of auto-adhesion (self-fusing).1.2 These test methods appear in the following sections:     Test Method Section        Adhesion 3 – 10     Bond Strength 11 – 18     Dielectric Breakdown Voltage 19 – 26     Hardness 41     Length 33 and 34     Thickness 27 – 32     Width 36 – 401.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement see 23.1.1.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Flat-rolled electrical steel master coils are usually slit into narrower coils. Usually these slit coils are punched or sheared into laminations of various shapes. The laminations are then uniformly stacked to become the cores of magnetic devices such as motors and transformers. Stacking of many laminations exhibiting excessive taper causes assembly problems and poor appearance. Nonuniform stack lengths in motors cause imbalance and noise. When the laminations are interleaved in transformers, taper causes air spaces within the core resulting in increased noise, increased exciting current, and higher core loss.1.1 This test method provides a procedure for measuring edge taper and crown of flat-rolled electrical steel coils as produced at the steel mill.1.2 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this standard, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard.1.3 The following material specifications include requirements for edge taper or crown: A677, A683, A726, A876, and A1086. Specification A840 also includes requirements for edge taper or crown, but it has been withdrawn and reference to it is included for historical purposes.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification applies to straight-cut (as opposed to bias-cut) plain weave greige (unfinished) glass fabric produced from continuous-filament yarns, suitable for use in the production of coated or treated fabric for electrical insulating purposes. This specification does not cover woven glass fabric tapes and fabrics intended for use primarily in laminated constructions. Fabrics of specified yarn, warp, and filler constructions, and style numbers shall be manufactured in accordance to nominal warp and filler, nominal thickness, nominal weight, breaking strength per unit width, and nominal roll length.1.1 This specification applies to straight-cut (as opposed to bias-cut) plain weave greige (unfinished) glass fabric produced from continuous-filament yarns and suitable for use in the production of coated or treated fabric for electrical insulating purposes.1.2 Excluded from this specification are woven glass fabric tapes and fabrics intended for use primarily in laminated constructions.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.

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1.1 This terminology standard defines abbreviations and terms specific to uninsulated electrical conductors. For terms relating to superconductors, see Terminology B713.1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 These test methods develop comparative information useful for the design of stationary contacts for wire, cable, and other conductors.5.2 These test methods produce results, which are free of the influence of arbitrary connection systems.5.3 The influence of conductor surface pretreatments and platings can be evaluated by these test methods.5.4 The influence of environmental factors, such as high temperature and corrosive environment can be evaluated by these test methods.5.5 The results obtained by these test methods provide guidance on connection system design parameters, such as contact force and gas tightness requirements.1.1 These test methods define procedures for the relative characterization of conductor material connectability on the basis of measurements of parameters important to the design and performance of electrical contacts and connections to and with such conductors for both power and signal applications.1.2 The parameters measured are contact resistance as a function of contact force, fretting sensitivity, and compressive relaxation.1.3 Provision is made for measurement of the connectability parameters at elevated temperature, or corrosive ambient, or both, as may be required for evaluation for particular applications.1.4 These test methods, using standardized specimen geometry and procedures, are applicable to conductor materials as employed in an electrical system and may be adapted for evaluation of connectability of materials in the form of actual connection system components.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Insulating materials are used to isolate components of an electrical system from each other and from ground, as well as to provide mechanical support for the components. For this purpose, it is generally desirable to have the insulation resistance as high as possible, consistent with acceptable mechanical, chemical, and heat-resisting properties. Since insulation resistance or conductance combines both volume and surface resistance or conductance, its measured value is most useful when the test specimen and electrodes have the same form as is required in actual use. Surface resistance or conductance changes rapidly with humidity, while volume resistance or conductance changes slowly although the final change may eventually be greater.4.2 Resistivity or conductivity is used to predict, indirectly, the low-frequency dielectric breakdown and dissipation factor properties of some materials. Resistivity or conductivity is often used as an indirect measure of moisture content, degree of cure, mechanical continuity, and deterioration of various types. The usefulness of these indirect measurements is dependent on the degree of correlation established by supporting theoretical or experimental investigations. A decrease of surface resistance will result either in an increase of the dielectric breakdown voltage because the electric field intensity is reduced, or a decrease of the dielectric breakdown voltage because the area under stress is increased.4.3 All the dielectric resistances or conductances depend on the length of time of electrification and on the value of applied voltage (in addition to the usual environmental variables). These must be known to make the measured value of resistance or conductance meaningful.4.4 Volume resistivity or conductivity is used as an aid in designing an insulator for a specific application. The change of resistivity or conductivity with temperature and humidity may be great, and must be known when designing for operating conditions. Volume resistivity or conductivity determinations are often used in checking the uniformity of an insulating material, either with regard to processing or to detect conductive impurities that affect the quality of the material and that may not be readily detectable by other methods.4.5 Volume resistivities above 1021 Ω·cm (1019 Ω·m), obtained on specimens under usual laboratory conditions, are of doubtful validity, considering the limitations of commonly used measuring equipment.4.6 Surface resistance or conductance cannot be measured accurately, only approximated, because some degree of volume resistance or conductance is always involved in the measurement. The measured value is also affected by the surface contamination. Surface contamination, and its rate of accumulation, is affected by many factors including electrostatic charging and interfacial tension. These, in turn, may affect the surface resistivity. Surface resistivity or conductivity can be considered to be related to material properties when contamination is involved but is not a material property in the usual sense.1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing adhesives in liquid, highly viscous, solid, or set states, that are intended to be cured by electronic heating, or that are intended to provide electrical insulation, or that are intended for use in electrical apparatus.1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:(1) Procedure for Testing Adhesives Before Use:  SectionPower Factor and Dielectric Constant of Liquid Adhesives  7Direct-Current Conductivity  8Extract Conductivity  9Acidity and Alkalinity 10pH Value 11(2) Procedures for Testing Properties of Adhesives As Used:  SectionPower Factor and Dielectric Constant of a Dried or Cured Adhesive  Film  12Dielectric Strength 13Volume and Surface Resistivity 14Arc Resistance 151.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 8.2.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Values obtained by flexural tests can provide information with regard to the bond strength of the particular varnish, in combination with a particular wire, when measured under conditions described in this test method.1.1 This test method covers determination of the bond strength of an electrical insulating varnish when applied to a helical coil. The helical coil can be made from bare aluminum or copper wire or from film or fiber-insulated magnet wire. Helical coils made from bare aluminum or bare copper wire will yield values of bond strength for the varnish when applied to bare metal conductors. The use of film or fiber-insulated magnet wire will show values for that particular combination of insulation and varnish.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 7.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the requirements, sizes, construction, tests, and procedures for unused ropes for use by electrical utilities and related industries on energized lines operating at voltages higher than a certain value. Electrical test shall be performed in order to determine the rope's electrical conductivity and resistivity to water. Physical properties such as hardness, diameter, breaking strength, elongation, and melt point shall be determined as well. Rope and strands shall be free from kinks, strand knots, and darting yarns or loose ends (inside yarns which project through cover yarns of strand at intervals along the rope).1.1 This specification covers the requirements, sizes, construction, tests, and procedures for unused ropes for use by electrical utilities and related industries on energized lines operating at voltages higher than 1 kV.1.2 This specification covers the minimum electrical, mechanical, and physical properties guaranteed by the manufacturer and the detailed procedures by which such properties are to be determined. The purchaser has the option to perform or have performed any of these tests in order to verify the guarantee. Claims for failure to meet the specification are subject to verification by the manufacturer.1.3 The rope to which this specification applies is designed to be used in a clean and dry condition, on or near energized lines.1.4 A margin of safety shall be allowed between the maximum voltage and working distances on which it is used and the test voltage and lengths at which it is tested.1.5 It is common practice for the user of this type of equipment to prepare complete instructions and regulations to govern in detail the correct and safe use of such equipment.1.6 The use and maintenance of this equipment is beyond the scope of this specification.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.8 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. The test levels used in this standard are for testing under laboratory conditions and are not to be regarded as safe use levels.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers electrically insulating, unbleached sulfate paper and paperboard used as layer insulation in coils, transformers, and other similar apparatus. The materials may also be used as turn insulation, slot liners, wedges, phase insulation, and separator papers in stranded wire/cable constructions. This specification does not include tissue for manufacture of capacitors. Other commonly used terms for the materials include soft coil wrap, dense coil wrap, kraft coil insulation, dry-finished kraft, and water-finished kraft. The materials covered in this specification are classified into four types according to density range and nominal thickness and should conform to the required values of ash content, alcohol-soluble material content, aqueous extract conductivity, water-soluble chloride content, fiber composition, moisture content, hydrogen ion concentration, pH, tensile strength, dielectric breakdown voltage, and conducting paths.1.1 This specification covers electrical grade unsized, unbleached sulfate paper and paperboard for use as layer insulation in coils, transformers, and similar apparatus. Other applications include, but are not limited to, turn insulation, slot liners, wedges, phase insulation, and separator papers in stranded wire/cable constructions. Tissue for the manufacture of capacitors is not included in this specification. Other commonly used designations include:1.1.1 Soft Coil Wrap,1.1.2 Dense Coil Wrap,1.1.3 Kraft Coil Insulation,1.1.4 Dry-Finished Kraft, and1.1.5 Water-Finished Kraft.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车