5.1 This test method can be used to determine in-place permeability of synthetic turf playing field systems, playing field systems with pad and or premolded drainage boards, playing field systems with premolded panel base systems, porous and non porous pavement systems in order to confirm compliance with design specifications and or evaluate existing as-built conditions. The simplicity of the test method, the quickness of the procedure, and the limited requirement for special tools and apparatus’ makes this ideal for performing a large quantity of tests over a large area such as a sports field.5.2 Synthetic turf field systems tend to drain under several flow regimes. The first flow regime is surface flow where water travels across the surface from typically higher elevations to lower elevations. The second flow regime is flow through the turf surface and base system. The third flow regime is lateral flow, which has two parts. Lateral flow within the section of the turf surface and lateral flow within the pre-molded drainage board, porous pavement and or base stone system below the turf. These are depicted diagrammatically in Fig. 1.FIG. 1 Basic Flow Regime Diagram5.3 This test method can provide owners, designers and turf system builders with a clear indication of actual in-field permeability flow rates with limited effect of lateral flow through base systems and no effect from head pressure.5.4 This test method can be used to determine the effectiveness of treatments intended to reduce the effect of hydrophobicity which has been known to decrease the permeability of some synthetic turf infill materials and components.5.5 The observable performance of the test method enables one to determine permeability by both a quantitative and qualitative measure.1.1 This test method may be used to determine the permeability rate of synthetic turf playing field systems, playing field systems with pad or premolded drainage boards, or both, playing field systems with premolded panel base systems, porous and non porous pavement systems, or base stone systems in the field, or a combination thereof, by non-confined area flood test method. This system is suitable for use on the finish synthetic turf playing surface and on the stone base system below the playing system.1.2 This test method is applicable for synthetic turf playing field systems and stone bases where system is designed for permeability through the synthetic turf surface and or through a base stone surface. It is also suitable for synthetic turf playing systems that are directly underlined with resilient and nonresilient pre-molded drainage boards systems and porous pavement base systems. The method tests a larger surface area than confined ring test methods and decreases the effect lateral flow within the surface and or stone base system due to the large increase in the ratio of test surface area to the synthetic turf playing system and stone base system thickness. The method is intended to more accurately mimic natural storm flow conditions by eliminating the effect of head pressure created by the water column height which creates a pressure flow condition at the surface of the test area that does not exist naturally.1.3 This test method is intended for finish-graded and compacted stone or finished surfaces that are installed with cross-slope gradients of less than 2.0 % or under conditions where the effect of cross-slope is mitigated by high system permeability. High sloping systems tend to have high sloping base systems which may impact results due to increases in the lateral flow within the section caused increased hydraulic energy caused by larger slopes.1.4 This test method is not applicable for conditions or locations in-which surface flow, due to high surface cross-slope or proximity, carries water flow from the test site to surface and subsurface drainage trenches or structures.1.5 Further, this test method may be impacted if preformed directly after a significant rainfall event in cases where the downstream capacity of the receiving drainage system is taxed to the extent that water backs up in the downstream system.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method provides a means for obtaining useful in-service fluid analysis properties in the field. It is not to be confused with laboratory or portable FTIR devices which provide measurements per the existing Test Methods listed in 4.1.1.1. Each of these monitored properties has been shown over time to indicate either contamination in the fluid system or a particular breakdown modality of the fluid, which is critical information to assess the health of the fluid as well as the machinery. By utilizing the field device, it is possible for those operating machinery, in locations and situations where it is not practical to gather a sample for the laboratory, to obtain quality in-service fluid analysis. This may be due to the need to have an analysis done in real-time, on-the-spot to maximize the operational hours of equipment, or to have the analysis performed at a location where no laboratory analysis is available.1.1 This test method describes the use of a grating spectrometer to analyze properties of an in-service fluid sample which are indicative of the status of that fluid and related machinery.1.2 This test method provides a means for the assessment of in-service fluid properties using infrared spectroscopy. It describes a methodology for sampling, performing analysis, and providing key in-service fluid properties with a self-contained unit that is meant for field use. It provides analysis of in-service fluids at any stage of their useful life, including newly utilized fluid.1.3 In particular, these key in-service fluid properties include oxidation, nitration, sulfation, soot, and antiwear additives. They are applicable for hydrocarbon type (API Group I-IV) fluids from machinery lubricants, including reciprocating engine oils, turbine oils, hydraulic oils, and gear oils.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4.1 Exception—The unit for wavenumbers is in cm-1.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Field QA demonstrates the effectiveness of field quality control procedures. Effective QA facilitates the collection of statistically significant data that is defendable scientifically and in a court of law. QA also involves the use of consistent procedures, increasing the validity of data comparison among sampling locations and events.4.2 This guide should be used by a professional or technician who has training or experience in groundwater sampling.1.1 This guide covers the quality assurance (QA) methods that may be used to assure the validity of data obtained during the sampling of a groundwater monitoring well. QA is any action taken to ensure that performance requirements are met by following standards and procedures. Following QA practices becomes even more critical if the data must be validated in a court of law. Under certain conditions, it may be necessary to follow additional or different QA practices from those listed in this guide. QA practices should be based upon data quality objectives, site-specific conditions, and regulatory requirements.1.2 This standard addresses QA procedures used in the field and does not refer to laboratory QA procedures.1.3 This standard also does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This standard provides guidance for selecting and performing various field QA procedures. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all of the procedures are applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

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5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the air leakage characteristics of installed exterior windows and doors under specified static air pressure differences.NOTE 1: The air pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. The factors affecting air pressure differences and the implications of the resulting air leakage relative to the environment within buildings are discussed in the literature.3, 4, 5 These factors should be fully considered in specifying the test pressure differences to be used.5.2 Rates of air leakage are sometimes used for comparison purposes. Such comparisons may not be valid unless the components being tested and compared are of essentially the same size, configuration, and design.5.3 Rates of air leakage of essentially identical windows or doors, as determined in the laboratory (Test Method E283) and as measured in the field by this test method, have sometimes been used for comparison purposes. The correlation between the laboratory and field test results, and the correlation between actual performance of in-service products and the response to these tests has not been established because of insufficient data.5.4 Rates of air leakage, as determined by this test method may be affected by: the age or physical condition of the test specimen; the type or quality of installation; the care exercised in the attachment of the test apparatus and the determination of extraneous leakage; and the actual conditions to which the test specimen is exposed beyond those imposed by the test method, that is temperature, relative humidity, wind impingement, etc. Consideration must be given to the proper selection of test specimens, the choice of appropriate test technique (when a choice is given within this test method), and the proper use and interpretation of the results obtained from this test to minimize the effect of these conditions.5.5 Rates of air leakage, as determined by this test method may include air leakage that does not occur during normal operation and exposure, or that does not contribute to the overall air leakage for the structure. Air may be supplied to or exhausted from wall cavities or adjacent construction, or may bypass interior or exterior trim or components in a manner not experienced during normal operation or exposure. Care must be taken to prevent such leakage from occurring, or consideration must be given that such leakage may have occurred during the test.5.6 This test method addresses the issue of air leakage through the high pressure face of the test specimen only. Air leakage from the adjacent wall cavity through sill, head, and jambs of the window frame is considered extraneous air leakage and, therefore, not a component of the measured specimen air leakage. Such extraneous air leakage through the perimeter frame of the test specimen can be a significant source of air leakage into, or out of, the building if the frame is not sealed against air infiltration from the adjacent wall cavity.1.1 This test method provides a field procedure for determining the air leakage rates of installed exterior windows and doors.1.2 This test method is applicable to exterior windows and doors and is intended to measure only such leakage associated with the assembly and not the leakage through openings between the assemblies and adjacent construction. The test method can be adapted for the latter purpose, provided the potential paths of air movement and the sources of infiltration and exfiltration can be identified, controlled, or eliminated.1.3 This test method attempts to create and given set of natural environmental conditions. There is a strong possibility that the test method or the test apparatus may, by virtue of their design and use, induce air leakage that does not occur under natural environmental exposure.1.4 This test method is intended for the field testing of installed exterior windows or doors. Persons interested in laboratory testing of fenestration products should reference Test Method E283.1.5 Persons using this procedure should be knowledgeable in the area of fluid mechanics and instrumentation practices, and shall have a general understanding of fenestration products and components.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice provides an approach and methodology for conducting field immersion testing of geosynthetics used in the construction of liners in reservoirs, ponds, impoundments, or landfills for containing liquids and solids. This practice should be performed in accordance to and in conjunction with Practice D5322 for assessing chemical resistance under both laboratory and field conditions.4.2 The specification of procedures in this practice is intended to serve as a guide for those wishing to compare or investigate the chemical resistance of geosynthetics under actual field conditions.1.1 This practice describes an approach and methodology for immersion testing of geosynthetics (for example, geomembranes used for landfill liner).1.2 This practice does not provide for definition of the testing to be performed on the geosynthetic samples for field immersion. This practice does not address the determination of resistance of the geosynthetic to the liquid in which it is immersed. The user of this practice is referred to the appropriate Standard Guide for Tests to evaluate the chemical resistance and for defining the testing to be performed for each of the geosynthetic components listed in 2.1.NOTE 1: EPA Method 9090 has been used in the past to investigate the compatibility of geomembrane to leachates.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide is intended for use in evaluating the performance of field-portable electroanalytical or spectrophotometric devices for lead determination, or both.4.2 Desired performance criteria for field-based extraction procedures are provided.4.3 Performance parameters of concern may be determined using protocols that are referenced in this guide.4.4 Example reference materials to be used in assessing the performance of field-portable lead analyzers are listed.4.5 Exhaustive details regarding quality assurance issues are outside the scope of this guide. Applicable quality assurance aspects are dealt with extensively in references that are cited in this guide.1.1 This guide provides guidelines for determining the performance of field-portable quantitative lead analysis instruments.1.2 This guide applies to field-portable electroanalytical and spectrophotometric (including reflectance and colorimetric) analyzers.1.3 Sample matrices of concern herein include paint, dust, soil, and airborne particles.1.4 This guide addresses the desired performance characteristics of field-based sample extraction procedures for lead, as well as on-site extraction followed by field-portable analysis.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the minimum material requirements and describes the procedures for installing concrete pavements and linings in corrugated steel pipes and structural plate structures in the field. Concrete pavements shall be placed after the pipe has been installed. The concrete for pavements shall meet a minimum compressive strength. Concrete linings shall be placed after the pipe has been installed and backfilled to final grade. Concrete materials for pavements and linings shall consist of Portland cement, fly ash (when used), aggregates and water. The concrete mix shall be uniform and homogeneous. Pavements shall have a troweled or untroweled surface finish as specified in the contract documents. When paving or lining new pipes, damaged pipe shall be replaced or repaired in accordance with the ASTM documents referenced herein. Cleaning preparations, pavement methods, lining methods, and curing shall be followed accordingly for installing concrete pavements and linings in corrugated steel pipes.1.1 This specification covers the minimum material requirements and describes the procedures for installing concrete pavements and linings in corrugated steel pipes and structural plate structures in the field. Specific designs with additional or greater requirements shall be detailed in the contract documents. This specification is applicable to paving or lining new pipes and for rehabilitating existing structures. The pipe to be paved or lined is described in Specifications A760/A760M, A761/A761M, and A762/A762M.1.2 This specification covers pipes 48 in. [1200 mm] and larger for pavements and 24 in. [600 mm] and larger for full linings.1.3 New pipes are to be designed in accordance with Practice A796/A796M and installed in accordance with Practice A798/A798M for factory-made pipes and Practice A807/A807M for structural plate structures. Structures to be rehabilitated shall be structurally stable.1.4 Pipes with plant installed concrete pavements and linings are covered under Specification A849.1.5 This specification is applicable to product in either inch/pound units as A979 or in SI units as A979M. Inch/pound units and SI units are not necessarily equivalent. SI units are shown in brackets in the text for clarity, but they are the applicable values when materials are ordered to A979M.1.6 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. The standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The ability of a substrate surface to readily absorb water is a key indicator in determining how to correctly install many types of flooring adhesives, primers, self-leveling underlayments, and other products. Several flooring industry publications such as CRI’s Carpet Installation Standard, RFCI’s Recommended Installation Practice for Homogenous Sheet Flooring, Fully-Adhered, as well as most flooring, adhesive, primer, and underlayment manufacturers reference substrate surface porosity criteria in their application instructions since this directly impacts the spread rate of directly applied material, the open time, and other critical installation factors.5.2 Installing flooring products over low or non-absorptive (sometimes referred to as “non-porous”) substrates such as densely machine-troweled concrete, mature and well-hydrated concrete, existing resilient flooring, polymer terrazzo and others may require adjustments to the surface preparation method or product selection to ensure a successful installation.5.3 Use this practice to obtain a qualitative assessment of substrate water absorption (porosity) and whether or not that substrate should be regarded as porous/absorptive or non-porous/non-absorptive as these terms relate to the installation of resilient floor coverings, adhesives, self-leveling underlayments, primers, and other products. This practice will produce results directly applicable to determining appropriate surface preparation requirements in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications, but it is in no way meant to replace published manufacturer’s literature regarding the determination of substrate water absorption (porosity) and the impact such has, if any, on substrate preparation requirements and on the installation of their respective materials.5.4 Substrates that evidence immediate absorption, are chalky or dusty, or have varying degrees of absorption may require priming or other additional surface preparation prior to subsequent installations.5.5 Substrates that evidence no absorption may indicate the presence of a contaminant that may negatively impact proper adhesion. In such cases, bond tests performed in accordance with the particular manufacturer’s established guidelines are strongly recommended.5.6 The size, shape, and color of the water drop may indicate the presence of contaminants or other special circumstances that may require discussion with the manufacturer of the slab covering to be installed.5.7 Some surfaces such as concrete can become denser and less porous/less absorptive over time as the material continues to gain strength and densify. The results obtained reflect only the conditions of the substrate at the time and location of the test(s).1.1 This practice covers the determination of whether or not a substrate surface, in lieu of written instruction from a product manufacturer, is considered porous or non-porous prior to the installation of resilient flooring materials.1.2 Although carpet tiles, carpet, wood flooring, coatings, films, paints, self-leveling and trowel-grade underlayments, primers, and other associated products are not specifically intended to be included in the category of resilient floor coverings, the procedures included in this practice may be useful for assessing the substrate water absorption for substrates to receive such materials.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 6 on Hazards.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 If required by the authority having jurisdiction, pressurized gaseous testing media leak testing is conducted after installation to discover and correct or repair leaks or faults in a newly constructed or modified PA12 pressure piping system before placing the system in service. Leakage or faults most commonly occur at connections, joints, and mechanical seals where sealing under pressure is required.5.2 Safety is of paramount importance when conducting pressurized gaseous testing media leak tests because testing results include no leaks, leaks, sudden violent rupture, or catastrophic failure.5.3 Systems that contain lower pressure rated or non-pressure rated components that cannot be isolated or removed from exposure to test pressure, or where temporary caps or closures are not practical, are not suitable for testing in accordance with this practice.5.4 Leakage Allowance—Leakage is not allowed for butt and electrofusion joints, and restrained gas-tight mechanical joints. See 7.6. Contact the joint, connection or component manufacturer for leakage correction information if leakage occurs at a joint, connection or component having a mechanical seal.5.5 Poisson-Effect Expansion and Contraction—When test pressure is applied to plastic piping systems that have fully restrained joints such as heat fusion, electrofusion, bolted flanges, etc., either reduction of overall pipe length or an increase in longitudinal stress results from diametrical expansion of the pipe. Disjoining (pull-out) of partially restrained or non-restrained connections or joints, such as some in-line mechanical connectors having insufficient resistance to pull-out stress or length reduction, is possible when partially restrained or unrestrained joints are in-line with the fully restrained test section. To prevent Poisson-effect disjoining of partially restrained or non-restrained joints take measures such as installing external joint restraints (diametrical clamps and tie-rods) on in-line partially restrained or non-restrained joints, installing in-line thrust anchors at the ends of fully restrained piping sections to prevent end movement of the fully restrained section, or isolating a fully restrained test section from piping with unrestrained or partially restrained joints.NOTE 3: A tensile stress applied to a material will cause elongation in the direction of the applied stress, and will cause a decrease in dimension at right angles to the direction of the applied stress. The ratio of decrease to elongation is the Poisson ratio. Under test pressure, piping materials will expand slightly in diameter and contract in length slightly according to the Poisson ratio of the material.1.1 This practice provides information on apparatus, safety, pre-test preparation, and procedures for conducting field tests of polyamide-12 (PA12) pressure piping systems after installation using gaseous testing media such as un-odorized inert non-toxic gas or air, and applying pressure to determine if leaks exist in the system (pneumatic leak testing). This practice applies only to testing to discover leakage. Testing for other purposes such as testing to establish operating pressure is beyond the scope of this practice.1.2 Leak testing with pressurized gaseous testing media shall be used only if one or both of the following conditions exists:1.2.1 The piping system is so designed that it cannot be filled with a liquid, or1.2.2 The piping system service cannot tolerate traces of liquid testing media.1.3 Where hydrostatic testing is specified in contract documents or by the authority having jurisdiction, testing using pressurized gaseous testing media (pneumatic) testing shall not be substituted without the express consent and authorization of the authority having jurisdiction.1.4 Some manufacturers prohibit or restrict testing of their products with pressurized gaseous testing media. Contact component manufacturers for information. Where the manufacturer of a test section component prohibits or restricts testing with pressurized gaseous testing media testing in accordance with this practice shall not be used without the express consent and authorization of the authority having jurisdiction and the component manufacturer.NOTE 1: Components that are not suitable for testing with gaseous testing media may not be suitable for service with pressurized gas.1.5 This practice does not address leak testing using pressurized liquids (hydrostatic testing). For field leak testing using pressurized liquids, consult the manufacturer for guidance.1.6 This practice does not apply to leak testing of non-pressure, negative pressure (vacuum), or non-PA12 (polyamide-12) piping systems.1.7 This practice does not apply to fuel gas piping systems that extend from the point of delivery to the appliance connections. For other than undiluted liquefied petroleum gas (LP-Gas) systems, the point of delivery shall be considered to be the outlet of the service meter assembly or the outlet of the service regulator or service shutoff valve where no meter is provided. For undiluted LP-Gas, the point of delivery shall be considered to be the outlet of the final pressure regulator, exclusive of line gas regulators, in the system. This practice does not apply to LP-Gas systems covered under NFPA 58.1.8 This practice is intended for use with PA12 pressure piping that conveys gaseous media under pressure (compressed gas) if the owner or operator or installer of the line does not have an established leak testing procedure that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.1.9 Warning—Failure during a pressurized gaseous testing media leak test can be extremely violent and dangerous because energy that is applied to compress the gaseous testing media and to pressurize the system will both be suddenly released.NOTE 2: To illustrate the violent hazard of failure, assume a 5 HP compressor is used to raise the test section to test pressure and that it takes 1 h to achieve test pressure. If sudden rupture occurs, energy release may occur in 2 s. Therefore, the horsepower of the energy release would be 5 HP × 1 h × 3600 s/h / 2 s = 9000 HP. Further, if diameter is doubled, energy release is four times greater. For an example test section that is twice the diameter, energy release would be 36 000 HP.1.10 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Numbered notes and information in parentheses in the text of the practice are non-mandatory information. Table notes are mandatory information.1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Riprap and armor material are composed of pieces of natural rock or manmade material that are placed on construction projects, shorelines, streambeds, bridge abutments, pilings and other structures to minimize the effects of erosion. The ability of rock or manmade material to withstand deterioration from weathering affects both the effectiveness of the project and its cost. The specific gravity and absorption provide useful information that can be used in evaluating possible deterioration of rock or manmade material.5.2 Test specimens equal in size to the proposed design size would provide the best correlations between laboratory tests and actual field performance; however, this is usually neither practical nor economically feasible.5.3 This test method has been used to evaluate different types of rocks and manmade material. There have been rare occasions when test results have provided data that have not agreed with the durability of rock or manmade material under actual field conditions.5.4 The results of this test is not to be used as the sole basis for determination of durability, but should be used in conjunction with the results of other tests.Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluation some of those factors1.1 This test method covers the determination of the rapid specific gravity of rock or man-made materials for erosion control.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.1.3.1 For purposes of comparing measured or calculated value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significant digits in the specified limits.1.3.2 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This test method covers accelerated procedures for determining the relative permanence and effectiveness of wood preservatives in stakes exposed in field plots. The sapwood of southern pine shall be the preferred wood for comparative tests. The pretreatment selections and treatment procedure of test stakes are presented in details. The after treatment handling of test stakes, and installation of stakes are presented in details. The periodic calculation of the index of condition, short-cut method, percent of index condition, and termination of test shall be evaluated to meet the requirements prescribed.1.1 This test method covers accelerated procedures for determining the relative permanence and effectiveness of wood preservatives in stakes exposed in field plots.1.2 The requirements for preparation of the material for testing and the test procedures appear in the following order:1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This practice sets forth procedures for the operation of air soft playing fields, intended to assist air soft field operators in running a safe business. It covers eye protection devices suitable for use in air soft games, including goggles, and recommends the minimum engagement distance between the shooter and the target at which a shot may be fired. It also requires the conspicuous posting of player safety rules, printed in 24-point type or larger, at the registration area.1.1 This practice establishes minimum safety requirements for the operation of air soft playing fields, and provides for certain materials and procedures required.1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The purpose of the alternating current field measurement method is to evaluate threads for surface breaking discontinuities such as fatigue cracks running along the thread root. The examination results may then be used to determine the fate of the test piece. This may involve re-examination by an alternative technique, immediate scrapping of the test piece, or reworking to remove discontinuities (beyond the scope of this practice). This practice is not intended for the examination of threads for non-surface breaking discontinuities.1.1 This practice describes procedures to be followed during alternating current field measurement examination of drillstring threads on tubulars used for oil and gas exploration and production for detection and, if required, sizing of service-induced surface breaking discontinuities transverse to the pipe.1.2 This practice is intended for use on threads in any metallic material.1.3 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria. Typical industry practice is to reject these connections on detection of a confirmed crack.1.4 While the alternating current field measurement technique is capable of detecting discontinuities in these connections, supplemental surface NDT methods such as magnetic particle testing for ferrous metals and penetrant testing for non-ferrous metals may detect additional discontinuities.1.5 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system might not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from both systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The methods described represent the preferable means for calibration of field radiometers employing standard reference radiometers. Other methods involve the employment of an optical bench and essentially a point source of artificial light. While these methods are useful for cosine and azimuth correction analyses, they suffer from foreground view factor and directionality problems. Transfer of calibration indoors using artificial sources is not covered by this test method.5.2 Traceability of calibration of global pyranometers is accomplished when employing the method using a reference global pyranometer that has been calibrated, and is traceable to the World Radiometric Reference (WRR). For the purposes of this test method, traceability shall have been established if a parent instrument in the calibration chain participated in an International Pyrheliometric Comparison (IPC) conducted at the World Radiation Center (WRC) in Davos, Switzerland. Traceability of calibration of narrow- and broad-band radiometers is accomplished when employing the method using a reference ultraviolet radiometer that has been calibrated and is traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), or other national standards organizations. See Zerlaut4 for a discussion of the WRR, the IPC's and their results.5.2.1 The reference global pyranometer (for example, one measuring hemispherical solar radiation at all wavelengths) shall have been calibrated by the shading-disk or component summation method against one of the following instruments:5.2.1.1 An absolute cavity pyrheliometer that participated in a WMO sanctioned IPC's (and therefore possesses a WRR reduction factor),5.2.1.2 An absolute cavity radiometer that has been intercompared (in a local or regional comparison) with an absolute cavity pyrheliometer meeting the requirements given in 5.2.1.1.5.2.1.3 A WMO First Class pyrheliometer that was calibrated by direct transfer from such an absolute cavity.5.2.2 Alternatively, the reference pyranometer may have been calibrated by direct transfer from a World Meteorological Organization (WMO) First Class pyranometer that was calibrated by the shading-disk method against an absolute cavity pyrheliometer possessing a WRR reduction factor, or by direct transfer from a WMO Standard Pyranometer (see WMO's Guide WMO—No. 85 for a discussion of the classification of solar radiometers).NOTE 4: Any of the absolute radiometers participating in the above intercomparisons and being within ±0.5 % of the mean of all similar instruments compared in any of those intercomparisons, shall be considered suitable as the primary reference instrument.5.2.3 The reference ultraviolet radiometer, regardless of whether it measures total ultraviolet solar radiation, or narrow-band UV-A or UV-B radiation, or a defined narrow band segment of ultraviolet radiation, shall have been calibrated by one of the following:5.2.3.1 By comparison to a standard source of spectral irradiance that is traceable to NIST or to the appropriate national standards organizations of other countries (using appropriate filter correction factors),65.2.3.2 By comparison to the integrated spectral irradiance in the appropriate wavelength band of a spectroradiometer that has itself been calibrated against such a standard source of spectral irradiance, and5.2.3.3 By comparison to a spectroradiometer that has participated in a regional or national Intercomparison of Spectroradiometers, the results of which are of reference quality.NOTE 5: The calibration of reference ultraviolet radiometers using a spectroradiometer, or by direct calibration against standard sources of spectral irradiance (for example, deuterium or 1000 W tungsten-halogen lamps) is the subject of Test Method G138.5.3 The calibration method employed assumes that the accuracy of the values obtained are independent of time of year within the constraints imposed by the test instrument's temperature compensation (neglecting cosine errors). The method permits the determination of possible tilt effects on the sensitivity of the test instrument's light receptor.5.4 The principal advantage of outdoor calibration of radiometers is that all types of radiometers are related to a single reference under realistic irradiance conditions.5.5 The principal disadvantages of the outdoor calibration method are the time required and the fact that the natural environment is not subject to control (but the calibrations therefore include all of the instrumental characteristics of both the reference and test radiometers that are influenced simultaneously by the environment). Environmental circumstances such as ground reflectance or shading, or both, must be minimized and affect both instruments similarly.5.6 The reference radiometer must be of the same type as the test radiometer, since any difference in spectral sensitivity between instruments will result in erroneous calibrations. The reader is referred to ISO TR 96737 and ISO TR 99018 for discussions of the types of instruments available and their use.1.1 The method described in this standard applies to the transfer of calibration from reference to field radiometers to be used for measuring and monitoring outdoor radiant exposure levels. This standard has been harmonized with ISO 9847.1.2 This test method is applicable to field radiometers regardless of the radiation receptor employed, but is limited to radiometers having approximately 180° (2π Steradian), field angles.1.3 The calibration covered by this test method employs the use of natural sunshine as the source.1.4 Calibrations of field radiometers may be performed at tilt as well as horizontal (at 0° from the horizontal to the earth). The essential requirement is that the reference radiometer shall have been calibrated at essentially the same tilt from horizontal as the tilt employed in the transfer of calibration.1.5 The primary reference instrument shall not be used as a field instrument and its exposure to sunlight shall be limited to calibration or intercomparisons.NOTE 1: At a laboratory where calibrations are performed regularly it is advisable to maintain a group of two or three reference radiometers that are included in every calibration. These serve as controls to detect any instability or irregularity in the standard reference instrument.1.6 Reference standard instruments shall be stored in a manner as to not degrade their calibration.1.7 The method of calibration specified for total solar pyranometers shall be traceable to the World Radiometric Reference (WRR) through the calibration methods of the reference standard instruments (Test Methods G167 and E816), and the method of calibration specified for narrow- and broad-band ultraviolet radiometers shall be traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), or other internationally recognized national standards laboratories (Test Method G138).1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide is intended to assist the construction team in evaluating the constructability, functionality, sequence of construction, interference, tolerances, component performance, and assembled system performance of the exterior wall systems.4.2 This guide does not establish specific roles for the parties involved during construction or the contractual obligations of those parties. The role of each party within any specific project should be established and documented before the start of the project.4.3 This guide is intended for use when specifying construction mockups that are either integrated mockups or off-structure mockups.4.4 This guide is intended to aid the specifier in the development of a QA mockup program for assessing the performance of exterior walls. It is not intended to provide a comprehensive list of applicable test methods for QA testing available or applicable to a mockup program.4.5 This guide does not address preconstruction laboratory testing of a wall system.4.6 This guide is intended to address technical issues with the performance of the wall system and the interconnection of the various components and systems. A mockup may or may not be used as an aesthetic mockup; however, this guide is not intended to address aesthetic issues with the wall system.4.7 This guide is not intended to provide guidance for construction observation services. However, the mockup may be useful to inform inspectors of the intended construction, sequence, materials, and interface conditions encountered on the project and serve as a standard of quality to which the remainder of construction can be compared.1.1 This guide provides information to assist in the specification, design, and performance testing of field-constructed exterior wall assemblies (“mockups”) for construction projects. This includes testing procedures appropriate to evaluate the component and assembly performance for water penetration resistance, air leakage resistance, and other test methods that may be applied as part of the quality assurance (QA) program for the installed systems.1.2 This guide is intended to be applied to exterior wall mockups that include components, systems, and assemblies including, but not limited to, curtain walls, windows, doors, masonry walls, precast concrete, cast-in-place concrete, exterior insulation and finish system (EIFS), roofing interfaces, stucco, wood siding, metal panels, sealants, appurtenances, penetrations, louvers, and combinations thereof. Such mockups are expected to include the intersection between wall systems.1.3 This guide is not intended to provide a comprehensive list of potential testing that may be applicable to field-constructed mockups. Additional tests may be applicable to mockups for specific projects.1.4 This guide is not intended to address all possible project delivery methods and as such the requirements listed herein must be evaluated by the specifier for appropriateness with the delivery method.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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