This specification provides a framework for an interchange format to address the current and future needs of the additive manufacturing technology. The additive manufacturing file (AMF) may be prepared, displayed, and transmitted on paper or electronically, provided the requirements presented in this specification are met. When prepared in a structured electronic format, strict adherence to an extensible markup language (XML) schema is required to support standards-compliant interoperability.1.1 This document provides the specification for the Additive Manufacturing File Format (AMF), an interchange format to address the current and future needs of additive manufacturing technology.1.2 This document specifies the requirements for the preparation, display and transmission for the AMF. When prepared in a structured electronic format, strict adherence to an extensible markup language (XML)(1)2 schema supports standards-compliant interoperability.NOTE 1: A W3C XML schema definition (XSD) for the AMF is available from ISO from http://standards.iso.org/iso/52915 and from ASTM from www.astm.org/MEETINGS/images/amf.xsd. An implementation guide for such an XML schema is provided in Annex A1.1.3 It is recognized that there is additional information relevant to the final part that is not covered by the current version of this document. Suggested future features are listed in Annex A2.1.4 This document does not specify any explicit mechanisms for ensuring data integrity, electronic signatures and encryptions.

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1.1 This specification describes a framework for an interchange format to address the current and future needs of additive manufacturing technology. For the last three decades, the STL file format has been the industry standard for transferring information between design programs and additive manufacturing equipment. An STL file contains information only about a surface mesh and has no provisions for representing color, texture, material, substructure, and other properties of the fabricated target object. As additive manufacturing technology is quickly evolving from producing primarily single-material, homogenous shapes to producing multimaterial geometries in full color with functionally graded materials and microstructures. There is a growing need for a standard interchange file format that can support these features.1.2 The additive manufacturing file (AMF) may be prepared, displayed, and transmitted on paper or electronically, provided the information required by this specification is included. When prepared in a structured electronic format, strict adherence to an extensible markup language (XML)(1) schema is required to support standards-compliant interoperability. The adjunct to this specification contains a W3C XML schema and Annex A1 contains an implementation guide for such representation.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This standard also does not purport to address any copyright and intellectual property concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to meet any intellectual property regulations on the use of information encoded in this file format.

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This guide specifies the format for representing and sharing information about nanomaterials, small molecules and biological specimens along with their assay characterization data using spreadsheet or TAB-delimited files. It is intended to facilitate the meaningful submission and exchange of nanomaterial descriptions and characterization data (metadata and summary data) along with the other files (raw/derived data files, image files, protocol documents, etc.) among individual researchers and to or from nanotechnology resources. It also provides researchers with guidelines for representing nanomaterials and characterizations to achieve cross-material comparison.1.1 This guide (ISA-TAB-Nano) specifies the format for representing and sharing information about nanomaterials, small molecules and biological specimens along with their assay characterization data (including metadata, and summary data) using spreadsheet or TAB-delimited files.1.2 The Appendices Sections contain a detailed listing of ISA-TAB-Nano fields (Appendix X1), a practical example (Appendix X2), a discussion of optional files (Appendix X3), and summary of background (Appendix X4).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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The PDF Healthcare Best Practices Guide describes PDF features useful in healthcare and documents points to consider for these features. As such, users of this document can decide what features are important to them under their specific circumstances. The PDF Healthcare Best Practices Guide does not describe normative requirements, nor is it a language specification. For detailed language issues, it references the PDF and XFA Specifications. (See the Terminology and Reference Documents sections for more information on these specifications). For implementation specific guidance, it references an accompanying Implementation Guide.

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This guide has been prepared to aid in the writing of material standards using the Classification D 4000 format.1.1 This classification system covers ___ materials suitable for _____________. The inclusion or exclusion of recycled plastics in this classification system must be addressed here.1.2 The properties included in this standard are those required to identify the compositions covered. Other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications are to be specified by using suffixes as given in Section 5.1.3 This classification system and subsequent line callout (specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection can be made by those having expertise in the plastic field only after careful consideration of the design and the performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabrication process to be employed, the costs involved, and the inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this standard.NOTE 1: Insert Note 1 here to show the appropriate ISO equivalency statement.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 11, of this classification system: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification describes a data file format for pavement profile.1.2 This specification describes the variables and sizes of all data that will be stored in the file. The file is in binary format and is fully documented in this specification.1.3 This specification is designed to be independent of hardware platforms, computer languages, and operating systems (OS).1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification establishes the material, manufacturing, physical, and performance requirements for resilient flooring, typically in tiles or planks format, or both, that are surface decorated or printed and protected by a clear wear layer. The product is a laminated resilient flooring structure that utilizes a polymeric rigid core as part of the product structure and is intended for use in commercial and residential buildings. This type of floor covering may also be manufactured with or without an attached underlay backer for better noise reduction and to help with accommodating minor subfloor irregularities. The wear surface of the resilient tile(s) or plank(s) shall be composed of binder, filler, and pigments compounded with suitable lubricants and processing aids. The binder consists of one or more polymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride, other modifying resins, plasticizers, and stabilizers. The polymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride comprise at least 60% of the weight of the binder. Any copolymer of vinyl chloride used shall contain at least 85% vinyl chloride.Physical requirements cover binder content, size, thickness, squareness, flatness, openings, and ledging, whereas performance requirements cover residual indentation, surface integrity test, dimensional stability, resistance to chemicals, resistance to heat, resistance to light, and static load resistance. This specification also covers sampling for tests, conditioning, inspection, and certification, as well as workmanship, finish, and appearance, and packaging, packing, and marking.1.1 This specification covers resilient flooring, typically in tiles or planks format, or both, that are surface decorated or printed and protected by a clear wear layer.1.2 This type of floor covering utilizes a polymeric rigid core as part of the product structure.1.3 This type of floor covering may utilize an attached underlay backer for reduced noise and for reducing issues concerning minor subfloor irregularities.1.4 This type of floor covering is intended for use in commercial and residential buildings. General information and performance characteristics that determine serviceability and recommended use are included in this specification.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This standard practice is designed to facilitate two-dimensional, sewn pattern piece data exchange between CAD systems at the level of pattern design. It also facilitates grade rule table data exchange for sewn products in the apparel industry. It uses the DXF file format for pattern piece data exchange and a specially formatted ASCII file format for grade rule tables. It is limited to the transfer of pattern pieces within a style and the associated pattern piece and style information. It does not support the transfer of numerical cutter instructions; plotter instructions, complete marker-laying or spreading information, or product data specification information.1.1 This standard is designed to facilitate communication between CAD/CAM systems that represent two-dimensional flat pattern pieces. This standard also provides conventions for representing related information such as grade rule tables. This standard is not intended to represent the relationships between pattern pieces or the correspondence between 2D or 3D sewn product pattern piece geometries.1.2 The file format for the pattern data exchange file defined by this standard (Practice D6673) complies with the Drawing Interchange File (DXF) format. Autodesk, Inc. developed the DXF format for transferring data between their AutoCAD(r) product and other software applications. This standard documents the manner in which pattern data should be represented within the DXF format. Users of this standard should have Autodesk, Inc.'s documentation on Drawing Interchange Files, found in the AutoCAD Reference Manual, in order to assure compatibility to all DXF format specifications. The AutoCAD Version 13 DXF specification is to be used. The file format for the grade rule table exchange file is an ASCII text file.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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Computers are becoming an integral part of each testing laboratory. A variety of automated test devices which collect and store data now exist. A variety of software programs to perform calculations and produce reported results are used. There is no consistency in the formats used to store data. Consequently, it is time consuming and expensive to exchange computerized test data files among organizations. This guide presents a standard yet versatile format that can be used to exchange data across systems. This guide defines the principal data elements that are considered important and worth recording and storing permanently in a computerized data storage system from which larger databases may be prepared. These data elements are not intended to be requirements of any specific or single database. The format permits only those elements that a specific user may require. Additional data elements may be added using the general outline of this guide. Those elements must be added in a manner consistent with the definitions in this guide, such that a computer program written to follow this guide can successfully read the entire data file, including one that contains data elements not identified in this guide. This guide does not define how to obtain and record specific data. That activity is covered by each specific test method. This guide may be incomplete for some applications. It is intended that additions to the formats will be made as requests come from each ASTM subcommittee responsible for a particular standard. Those additions will be made without rendering older files unreadable. The recommended format in this guide does not require that all data elements be included in the data base. A user may elect to omit any data element without affecting the ability of the file format structure to work. However, those elements that are required in the report section of the relevant ASTM standard should be included in the standardized data file. Following ASTM recommended practice, all data are stored in SI units. 1.1 This guide covers recommended data formats for the exchange of mechanical test data for soils and rocks. From this guide, a standardized file of data can be prepared that can be read by others who use this guide.1.2 The format specified in this guide is used for the exchange of data between computer programs, users, agencies, etc. It is not necessary that test data for internal use be stored in this format, only that a program adhering to this guide have the capability to read, or write test data in this format, or both.1.3 This guide does not cover digital geospacial data which is treated Specification D 5714.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

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5.1 Significance: 5.1.1 The application of elements (see 3.1.1 and Terminology E833) to the description and the summary and analysis of building construction cost provides a consistency, commonality, and utility through all stages of design that other forms of estimate presentation do not.5.1.2 This practice describes a simple format for elemental cost analysis presentation that is both valuable and informative when used during the various design stages of construction development.5.2 Use—Users include owners, developers, contractors, cost professionals, estimators, architects, engineers, quantity surveyors, facility managers, and others involved in property development, construction, maintenance, and management.5.2.1 Reporting—Cost reports structured by elements provide estimates, summaries, and analyses by applying “Cost to Function.” This application works whether the approach is “Design to Cost” or “Cost to Design.” Value analysis is greatly assisted through the allocation of estimated cost to elements.5.2.2 Controlling—Comparison of progressively more detailed estimates is simplified where cost is allocated to appropriate elements regardless of design or specification, permitting efficient review and checking of new estimates. Design estimating using elements allows for benchmarking and the setting of cost limits (baseline) for a building design from the outset, and also permits the establishment of an elemental cost plan (see 3.2.1). Baseline records and cost plans are accessed and compared with current reports.5.2.3 Recording—Historic and baseline cost records are easily kept for all forms of building construction, and in a format that can be used for the planning and design of future projects.5.2.4 Other Uses—Elemental summaries and analyses are equally useful in forensic estimating and in quantitative risk analysis.5.2.5 Relationship to “Trade” Estimating—Traditional trade (or construction) estimating summarizes cost to a product, or trade classification. This is valuable when construction work has been fully specified or contracted, but is less so through the planning and design stages. The two systems (trade and elemental) are compatible in that they both relate to the same end product, for example, a building; they differ solely in the way cost is aggregated. Each estimate form can be converted to the other by coding or allocating each construction component to an appropriate trade/product division or element. During design evolution, changes in design and specification can make trade estimates difficult to compare with previous or other, or both, estimates and so can hinder the process of cost control during the design phase.5.2.6 Additional Narrative Information—While costs presented in these formats are descriptive in themselves they do not tell the full story of a project’s design. Narrative description of the construction work should also be an integral part of any complete presentation. Reference and description of this narrative form can be found in Practice E1804, and in Classification E1557 Appendix X3—Preliminary Project Description (PPD).5.3 A detailed description of the presentation formats now follows. These descriptions are provided in eight sections, each intended to aid understanding of a particular facet of the formats:Appearance Section 6Element Inclusions and Exclusions Section 7Basic Rules Section 8Layout Section 9Numeric Precision Section 10Estimate Calculation Section 11Analysis Calculation Section 12Variations and Additions Section 131.1 This practice covers the concurrent use of relevant ASTM standards for the preparation of elemental cost estimates, summaries, and analyses and specifically their presentation in a concise, consistent, and logical manner.1.2 While the style and directions use construction terms applied to buildings, the principles apply equally well to other forms of construction where appropriate elemental classifications exist.1.3 This practice is not an estimating manual, nor is it a guide to the skills and knowledge required of an estimator or other cost professional.NOTE 1: The skills and knowledge acquired by a trained and experienced estimator are essential to the successful application of any elemental presentation format. They are the foundation of any estimate and the underpinning knowledge required when applying the elemental technique.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This practice provides a common format that allows a computer design system to generate data that an output device can accurately reproduce independent of the hardware manufacturer.1.1 This practice describes a data format for transferring information from a sewn product computer aided design software program to a device that produces physical output, typically in the form of a printed or drawn image on paper.1.2 This practice is based on a subset of the Hewlett Packard Graphics Language HPGL/2. Supported syntax and limitations are listed in 7.2. Unsupported syntax is listed in X1.1.1.3 This practice only supports X-Y vector data and a limited set of additional functions. No provision is made to support bitmap/raster data used in applications like inkjet printing.1.4 This practice supports a single system of units, an image fixed at 100 % scale and 1:1 aspect ratio. Scaling and custom unit systems are not supported.1.5 This practice does not support curve interpolation or definitions. All curves are represented by discrete vectors (stroked) and are dependent on the resolution of the CAD software.1.6 This practice requires that all coordinates are absolute, not relative, as defined in the HPGL/2 reference.1.7 This practice only supports positive coordinates that are measured from a single X-Y origin point with coordinates 0,0.1.8 This practice only supports fixed width fonts. Variable width fonts are not supported.1.9 This practice intends to transfer a static image with no provision for editing.1.10 This practice assumes monochromatic output. It does not support implied output colors.1.11 This practice imposes no limits on the width or length of the plot data. Physical limitations imposed by the hardware and their effects on the output are the responsibility of the hardware manufacturer.1.12 This practice does not support frame advance commands or any methods that insert multiple origin points or floating coordinate systems.1.13 This practice limits the plot file to contain a single block of data demarked by a compatible header and terminator. Multiple blocks of data in a single file are not allowed.1.14 The intended application of this practice is limited to the class of output devices found in the sewn product industries that produce apparel, textiles, upholstery, and others that use soft or semi-rigid materials.1.15 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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