1.1 This practice describes the operation and production control of metal powder bed fusion (PBF) machines and processes to meet critical applications such as commercial aerospace components and medical implants. The requirements contained herein are applicable for production components and mechanical test specimens using powder bed fusion (PBF) with both laser and electron beams.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

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This document specifies the features of laser-based powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M) and provides detailed design recommendations.Some of the fundamental principles are also applicable to other additive manufacturing (AM) processes, provided that due consideration is given to the process-specific features.This document also provides a state of the art review of design guidelines associated with the use of powder bed fusion (PBF) by bringing together relevant knowledge about this process and by extending the scope of ISO/ASTM 52910.

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This specification covers carbon and alloy steel pipe, electric-fusion-welded with filler metal added, fabricated from pressure-vessel-quality plate of several analyses and strength levels and suitable for high-pressure service at high temperatures. Heat treatment may or may not be required to attain the desired mechanical properties. The pipes are classified according to steel grades and are designated in classes according to the type of heat treatment performed in the pipe manufacture, whether the weld is radiographically examined, and whether the pipe has been pressure tested. The steel welds shall be made either manually or automatically by an electric process involving the deposition of filler metal. The welded joints shall have positive reinforcement at the center of each side of the weld. The contour of this reinforcement shall be smooth, and the deposited metal shall be fused smoothly and uniformly into the plate surface. The joints shall undergo tension, bend and pressure tests. Unacceptable surface imperfections shall be removed by grinding or machining. The depression after grinding or machining shall be blended uniformly into the surrounding surface. Repair of weld and base metal defects shall be done by welding.1.1 This specification2 covers carbon and alloy steel pipe, electric-fusion-welded with filler metal added, fabricated from pressure-vessel-quality plate of several analyses and strength levels and suitable for high-pressure service at high temperatures. Heat treatment may or may not be required to attain the desired mechanical properties or to comply with applicable code requirements. Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or examination is desired.1.2 The specification nominally covers pipe 16 in. [400 mm] in outside diameter and larger with wall thicknesses up to 3 in. [75 mm] inclusive. Pipe having other dimensions may be furnished provided it complies with all other requirements of this specification.1.3 Several grades and classes of pipe are provided.1.3.1 Grade designates the type of plate used as listed in Table 1.1.3.2 Class designates the type of heat treatment performed in the manufacture of the pipe, whether the weld is radiographically examined, and whether the pipe has been pressure tested as listed in 1.3.3.1.3.3 Class designations are as follows (Note 1):Class Heat Treatment on Pipe Radiography, see Section Pressure Test, see Section       10 none none none11 none 9 none12 none 9 8.313 none none 8.320 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 none none21 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 9 none22 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 9 8.323 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 none 8.330 normalized, see 5.3.2 none none31 normalized, see 5.3.2 9 none32 normalized, see 5.3.2 9 8.333 normalized, see 5.3.2 none 8.340 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 none none41 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 9 none42 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 9 8.343 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 none 8.350 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 none none51 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 9 none52 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 9 8.353 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 none 8.3NOTE 1: Selection of materials should be made with attention to temperature of service. For such guidance, Specification A20/A20M may be consulted.1.4 Optional requirements of a supplementary nature are provided, calling for additional tests and control of repair welding, when desired.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The procedures described in Section 8 are intended for butt-fusion joining of CX-PE pipe and tubing, using suitable equipment and appropriate environmental control procedures. Appropriate controls are established on the butt-fusion joining process to ensure that the pipe is suitable for joining, that the operator is properly trained, that adequate apparatus and procedures are used, and that the process is protected from environmental extremes. The controls are established by testing butt-fusion joints, operator skills, the apparatus and the procedures used. When this practice is properly implemented, strong pressure and leak-tight joints are produced. When joints made in accordance with this practice are destructively tested, failures are expected to occur outside the fusion-joined area.5.1.1 This practice shall not be used to join PEX pipe or tubing made in accordance with Specification F876 or any other PEX pipe or system specification. This practice is not intended to be used for pipe or tubing to be crosslinked by radiation or by using peroxides. This practice shall not be used to join CX-PE pipe that has been commissioned. CX-PE pipe that has been commissioned is crosslinked pipe.5.2 Melt characteristics, average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution are influential factors in establishing suitable fusion parameters, therefore, consider the manufacturers instructions in the use or development of a specific fusion procedure.5.3 The butt fusion procedures in this practice are suitable for joining CX-PE pipe and tubing that is used in pressure, low pressure, and non-pressure applications. For some applications, qualification of the procedure by testing joints made using the procedure in accordance with regulations from the authority having jurisdiction are required.5.4 This butt-fusion joining practice shall only be used to join pipe or tubing made from compatible CX-PE compounds and meeting the same specification dimensions for outside diameter and wall.1.1 This practice describes procedures for making butt fusion joints with crosslinkable polyethylene (CX-PE) pipe and tubing2 which is less than 30 % crosslinked at the time of joining. This practice shall not be applied to crosslinked products, that is PEX pipe or tubing or to CX-PE after commissioning3 (commissioning transitions CX-PE pipe into crosslinked pipe).NOTE 1: For avoidance of doubt, CX-PE is a completely different product than PEX, especially for the purposes of butt-fusion joining and the fabrication of fittings. The two must not be confused by the reader of this standard.1.2 The main difference between this practice and Practice F2620 is that the production date of pipe must be checked prior to butt fusion. Field experiments have indicated that it is best to make heat fused joints before the pipe has aged six months to ensure it has not crosslinked more than 30 % at ambient conditions. (See 7.2.)1.3 Joints are made by means of butt-fusion joining in, but not limited to, a field environment. Other suitable butt-fusion joining procedures may be available from various sources including pipe and fitting manufacturers. This practice does not claim to address all possible butt-fusion joining procedures and does not prevent the use of qualified procedures developed by other parties that have been proven to produce reliable butt fusion joints.1.4 The parameters and procedures set forth in this practice are applicable to the butt-fusion joining of CX-PE pipe and tubing. Consult with the manufacturers of CX-PE pipe or tubing to ensure that they approve of the use of this practice for butt-fusion joining of their products. This practice applies to butt fusion of both CX-PE pipe and tubing even when tubing is not explicitly referred to.1.5 CX-PE pipe or tubing is required to produce sound joints when using the joining procedures described in this practice. Component ends joined in accordance with this practice shall be of the same nominal diameter and wall thickness.1.6 The ability to join pipe using this practice does not imply that the pipe joined is suitable for any intended use.1.7 This practice does not purport to address any issues related to the commissioning of a CX-PE system prior to its use. The intention of this standard practice is to set forth requirements for the butt fusion of CX-PE pipe and tubing which when followed are expected to yield durable joints in the said pipe and tubing.1.8 Only procedures related to butt-fusion joining are covered in this practice. Saddle fusion and socket fusion are not included in this practice.1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.10 The text of this practice references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the practice.1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This document specifies the features of laser-based powder bed fusion of polymers (LB-PBF-P) and provides detailed design recommendations. Some of the fundamental principles are also applicable to other additive manufacturing (AM) processes, provided that due consideration is given to process-specific features. This document also provides a state-of-the-art review of design guidelines associated with the use of powder bed fusion (PBF) by bringing together relevant knowledge about this process and by extending the scope of ISO/ASTM 52910.

定价： 525元 / 折扣价： 447 元 加购物车

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers steel tubes, carbon and carbon manganese, fusion welded, for boiler, superheater, heat exchanger and condenser application. After welding, all tubes shall be heat treated and followed by cooling in air or in the cooling chamber of a controlled atmosphere furnace. The steel shall conform to the required chemical compositions. The tensile and hardness test requirements to all tube prior to cutting are presented. Mechanical testing requirements indicates that, one flattening test shall be made on specimens from each of two tubes from each lot or fraction thereof, one flange test shall be made on specimens from each of two tubes from each lot or fraction thereof, one crush test shall be made on specimens from each of two tubes from each lot or fraction thereof, and one reverse flattening test shall be made on each 1500 ft [450 m] of finished tubing. Finally, each tube shall be subjected to either the hydrostatic or the non-destructive electric test.1.1 This specification covers minimum wall thickness welded tubes made from carbon and carbon manganese steels listed in Table 1, with various grades intended for use in boiler, superheater, heat exchanger, or condenser applications.TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements, Composition, %Element Grade ALow CarbonSteel Grade CMedium CarbonSteel Grade DCarbon ManganeseSteelCarbon 0.06–0.18 0.30 max 0.27 maxManganese 0.27–0.63 0.80 max 1.00–1.50Phosphorus 0.035 max 0.035 max 0.030 maxSulfur 0.035 max 0.035 max 0.015 maxSilicon No Requirement No Requirement 0.10 min1.2 The tubing sizes and thicknesses usually furnished to this specification are 1/4 to 5 in. [6.3 to 127 mm] in outside diameter and 0.015 to 0.375 in. [0.4 to 9.5 mm], inclusive, in wall thickness. Tubing having other dimensions may be furnished provided such tubes comply with all other requirements of this specification.1.3 Mechanical property requirements do not apply to tubing smaller than 1/8 in. [3.2 mm] in inside diameter or 0.015 in. [0.4 mm] in thickness.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of the specification is specified in the order.1.5 Optional supplementary requirements are provided and when desired, shall be so stated on the purchase order.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

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This specification covers standard requirements for pipe piles with protective fusion-bonded epoxy powder coating applied by the electrostatic spray, flocking, or fluidized bed process. The surfaces of steel pipe piles to be coated shall be precleaned, as required. Steel surfaces shall be cleaned by abrasive blast cleaning to near-white metal. Prior to application of the fusion-bonded epoxy powder coatings, raised silvers, scabs, laps, sharp edges, or seams shall be removed using abrasive grinders. The powder coating shall be applied to cleaned steel surfaces before visible oxidation occurs. To achieve the required coating thickness, the steel shall be preheated prior to applying the powder coating. The heat source shall not leave a residue or contaminant on the steel surfaces. If oxidation occurs, the steel shall be cooled to ambient temperature and recleaned before applying the powder coating. The steel pipe piles shall be tested and shall meet the requirements for coating thickness and coating continuity.1.1 This specification covers pipe piles with protective fusion-bonded epoxy powder coating applied by the electrostatic spray, flocking, or fluidized bed process.NOTE 1: The coating applicator is identified throughout this specification as the manufacturer.1.2 Other organic coatings may be used provided they meet the requirements of this specification.1.3 Requirements for the powder coating are contained in Annex A1.1.4 This specification is applicable for orders in either SI units (as Specification A972M) or inch-pound units [as Specification A972]. The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.1.5 The following precautionary statement refers to the test method portion only, Section 8, of this standard: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This test method is applicable only for distinguishing between inadequately fused and adequately fused PVC. The difference between thermally degraded and adequately fused PVC cannot be detected by this test method. Acetone immersion testing is not a substitute for burst, impact, or other physical or chemical tests on PVC pipe or fittings and it, therefore, shall not be used as the only test specification for purchasing of PVC pipe and fittings. This test method only detects inadequate fusion and does not determine the over-all quality of the PVC pipe or fittings.3.2 This test method is useful in determining whether inadequate fusion contributed to failure of PVC pipe or fittings in other physical or chemical tests, or in service.3.3 This test method is useful in evaluating the adequacy of PVC fusion obtained in process or materials trials.3.4 This test method determines adequacy of fusion on a single, relatively small specimen. This test method requires the use of a hazardous reagent which must be properly handled and disposed. Therefore, this test method may not be cost-effective to employ as a routine quality control test.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the adequacy of fusion of extruded rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) pipe and molded fittings as indicated by reaction to immersion in anhydrous acetone.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard except where instruments are calibrated in SI units.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific hazards statements are given in Annex A1.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers polyethylene (PE) butt fusion fittings for use with polyethylene pipe (IPS and ISO) and tubing (CTS). Included are requirements for materials, workmanship, dimensions, marking, sustained pressure, and burst pressure. Pressure strength test shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.1.1 This specification covers polyethylene (PE) butt fusion fittings for use with polyethylene pipe (IPS, DIPS, and ISO) and tubing (CTS). Included are requirements for materials, workmanship, dimensions, marking, sustained pressure, and burst pressure.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

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5.1 Intervertebral body fusion devices are generally simple geometric-shaped devices, which are often porous or hollow in nature. Their function is to support the anterior column of the spine to facilitate arthrodesis of the motion segment.5.2 This test method is designed to quantify the subsidence characteristics of different designs of intervertebral body fusion devices since this is a potential clinical failure mode. These tests are conducted in vitro in order to simplify the comparison of simulated vertebral body subsidence induced by the intervertebral body fusion devices.5.3 The static axial compressive loads that will be applied to the intervertebral body fusion devices and test blocks will differ from the complex loading seen in vivo, and therefore, the results from this test method may not be used to directly predict in vivo performance. The results, however, can be used to compare the varying degrees of subsidence between different intervertebral body fusion device designs for a given density of simulated bone.5.4 The location within the simulated vertebral bodies and position of the intervertebral body fusion device with respect to the loading axis will be dependent upon the design and manufacturer's recommendation for implant placement.1.1 This test method specifies the materials and methods for the axial compressive subsidence testing of non-biologic intervertebral body fusion devices, spinal implants designed to promote arthrodesis at a given spinal motion segment.1.2 This test method is intended to provide a basis for the mechanical comparison among past, present, and future non-biologic intervertebral body fusion devices. This test method is intended to enable the user to mechanically compare intervertebral body fusion devices and does not purport to provide performance standards for intervertebral body fusion devices.1.3 This test method describes a static test method by specifying a load type and a specific method of applying this load. This test method is designed to allow for the comparative evaluation of intervertebral body fusion devices.1.4 Guidelines are established for measuring test block deformation and determining the subsidence of intervertebral body fusion devices.1.5 Since some intervertebral body fusion devices require the use of additional implants for stabilization, the testing of these types of implants may not be in accordance with the manufacturer's recommended usage.1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard with the exception of angular measurements, which may be reported in terms of either degrees or radians.1.7 The use of this standard may involve the operation of potentially hazardous equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This standard practice is a procedure to evaluate the ductility of side bend test specimens that are a transverse section of the pipe wall and butt fusion. Side bend test specimens are prepared from bend test coupons from sample polyethylene pipe butt fusion joints that are made using polyethylene pipe having a wall thickness of approximately 1 in. (25 mm) and greater. A three-point bend is applied to the side bend test specimen by pressing the side bend test specimen into a gap between two rotatable supports with a loading nose. The bending load is applied such that the bending strain is transverse to the plane of the fusion joint.5.2 Equipment for cutting bend test coupons, preparing side bend test specimens and conducting this practice is available for laboratory and for field use.5.3 Benchmark criteria for evaluating field testing results are developed by testing a statistically valid number of sample butt fusions in a controlled environment, preferably using equipment for field use. Guided side bend test results from field tests are then evaluated by comparison to benchmark test results from the controlled environment.1.1 This practice provides information on apparatus, specimen preparation and procedure for conducting a guided three point side bend evaluation of a transverse specimen cut from a coupon removed from a butt fusion joint in polyethylene pipe having a wall thickness of approximately 1 in. (25 mm) and thicker. See Fig. 1. This practice provides a means to assess ductility of a butt fusion joint by applying a lateral (side) bending strain across a specimen taken from the full butt fusion cross-section, from outside diameter to inside diameter.NOTE 1: For wall thicknesses less than 1 in. the user is referred to Practice F2620, Appendix X4.1 for bend back testing.FIG. 1 Guided Side Bend Conceptual Schematic1.2 No test values are provided by this practice. The result is a non-numerical report. Criteria for test result evaluation are provided in standards or codes that specify the use of this practice by comparison to benchmark laboratory results as described in 5.3 or by comparison to example results presented in Appendix X1 to this practice.1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 2: Laboratory methods that are commonly used for testing polyethylene butt fusion joints include Test Method D638, Test Method D790 and Test Method F2634.NOTE 3: This practice has been developed for use on butt fusion joints in polyethylene pipe with a wall thickness of 1.00 in. or greater. The practice may be used on butt fusion joints in polyethylene pipe with thinner wall thicknesses. However, the applicability of the practice should be determined by the user of the practice.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车