5.1 This test method measures the time to extrapolated onset of an exothermic reaction under constant temperature (isothermal) conditions for reactions which have an induction period, for example, those which are catalytic, autocatalytic, or accelerating in nature or which contain reaction inhibitors.5.2 The RIT determined by this test method is an index measurement that is useful for comparing one material to another at the test temperature of interest and in the same apparatus type only.5.3 This test method is a useful adjunct to dynamic thermal tests, such as Test Method E537, which are performed under conditions in which the sample temperature is increased continuously at constant rate. Results obtained under dynamic test conditions may result in higher estimates of temperature at which an exothermic reaction initiates because the detected onset temperature is dependent upon the heating rate and because dynamic methods allow insufficient time for autocatalytic reactions to measurably affect the onset temperature.5.4 RIT values determined under a series of isothermal test conditions may be plotted as their logarithm versus the reciprocal of the absolute temperature to produce a plot, the slope of which is proportional to the activation energy of the reaction as described in Test Methods E2070.5.5 This test method may be used in research and development, manufacturing, process and quality control, and regulatory compliance.5.6 This test method is similar to that for oxidation induction time (OIT) (for example, Specification D3350 and Test Methods D3895, D4565, D5483, D6186, and E1858) where the time to the oxidation reaction under isothermal test conditions is measured. The OIT test method measures the presence of antioxidant packages and is a relative measurement of a material’s resistance to oxidation.1.1 This test method describes the measurement of reaction induction time (RIT) of chemical materials that undergo exothermic reactions with an induction period. The techniques and apparatus described may be used for solids, liquids, or slurries of chemical substances. The temperature range covered by this test method is typically from ambient to 400 °C. This range may be extended depending upon the apparatus used.1.2 The RIT is a relative index value, not an absolute thermodynamic property. As an index value, the RIT value may change depending upon experimental conditions. A comparison of RIT values may be made only for materials tested under similar conditions of apparatus, specimen size, and so forth. Furthermore, the RIT value may not predict behavior of large quantities of material.1.3 The RIT shall not be used by itself to establish a safe operating temperature. It may be used in conjunction with other test methods (for example, Test Methods E487 and E537, and Guide E1981) as part of a hazard analysis of a particular operation.1.4 This test method may be used for RIT values greater than 15 min (as relative imprecision increases at shorter periods).1.5 This test method is used to study catalytic, autocatalytic, and accelerating reactions. These reactions depend upon time as well as temperature. Such reactions are often studied by fixing one experimental parameter (that is, time or temperature) and then measuring the other parameter (that is, temperature or time). This test method measures time to reaction onset detection under isothermal conditions. It is related to Test Method E487 that measures detected reaction onset temperature under constant time conditions1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this test method.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The induction period may be used as an indication of the tendency of motor gasoline to form gum in storage. It should be recognized, however, that its correlation with the formation of gum in storage may vary markedly under different storage conditions and with different gasolines.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the stability of gasoline in finished form only, under accelerated oxidation conditions. (Warning—This test method2 is not intended for determining the stability of gasoline components, particularly those with a high percentage of low boiling unsaturated compounds, as these may cause explosive conditions within the apparatus. However, because of the unknown nature of certain samples, the pressure vessel assembly shall include a safety burst-disc in order to safeguard the operator.)NOTE 1: For measurement of oxidation stability of gasoline by measurement of potential gum, refer to Test Method D873, or IP Test Method 138.NOTE 2: The precision data were developed with gasolines derived from hydrocarbon sources only without oxygenates.1.2 The accepted SI unit of pressure is the kilo Pascal (kPa), and of temperature is °C.1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The OIT is a qualitative assessment of the level (or degree) of stabilization of the material tested. This test has the potential to be used as a quality control measure to monitor the stabilization level in formulated resin as received from a supplier, prior to extrusion.NOTE 2: The OIT measurement is an accelerated thermal-aging test and as such can be misleading. Caution should be exercised in data interpretation since oxidation reaction kinetics are a function of temperature and the inherent properties of the additives contained in the sample. For example, OIT results are often used to select optimum resin formulations. Volatile antioxidants may generate poor OIT results even though they may perform adequately at the intended use temperature of the finished product.NOTE 3: There is no accepted sampling procedure, nor have any definitive relationships been established for comparing OIT values on field samples to those on unused products, hence the use of such values for determining life expectancy is uncertain and subjective.1.1 This test method outlines a procedure for the determination of oxidative-induction time (OIT) of polymeric materials by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It is applicable to polyolefin resins that are in a fully stabilized/compounded form.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards information is given in Section 8.NOTE 1: This standard and ISO 11357–6 2013 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method covers the indirect measurement of the pavement thickness to provide a rapid, nondestructive result. The method is used to determine the compliance of asphalt or concrete pavement construction with the thickness specifications. The nondestructive thickness results for concrete pavements have shown excellent correlation (R2 values of 99.7 %) with direct measurement of pavement thickness using AASHTO T 148 and Test Method C174/C174M.5.2 Measurement results from MPI devices are unaffected by concrete or asphalt material composition, including the use of slag or other metallic aggregates, material temperature, or moisture content, thus allowing installers a quality control process that provides results that can be used in controlling the paving operation. In addition, quantitative results are produced to document as-built thicknesses.5.3 Infrastructure owners use the same device to perform quality assurance activities and to accept installed facilities. Its accuracy and repeatability allow the reduction or elimination of coring requirements related to pavement thickness determination.1.1 This test method covers the equipment, field procedures, and interpretation of the results for the pavement thickness measurements produced by a magnetic pulse induction (MPI) device. Magnetic pulse induction devices induce a weak-pulsed magnetic field that causes the induction of eddy currents in metal objects disturbing the field. In order to measure pavement thickness with an MPI device, a pre-placed metal reflector is required. When the metal reflector enters into the field, an electrical signal is produced and processed through algorithms to detect and produce quantitative values for pavement thickness.1.2 This test method also provides the details including configuration and metallurgy required to purchase and install reflectors to produce accurate and repeatable results.1.3 This method is intended for use with plain-jointed concrete pavements, asphalt pavements, base courses with cement binders, and unbound aggregate layers. It is not applicable for continuously reinforced, mesh-reinforced, or fiber-reinforced pavement where the metal reinforcement would interfere with the magnetic field.1.4 MPI equipment includes a device that induces the magnetic field and collects the electrical signal. The signal information is collected and processed into pavement thicknesses through algorithms programmed into the device firmware.1.5 MPI field procedures describe the steps and processes required to collect reliable, repeatable, and accurate results from the MPI device. Critical to the accuracy are the metallurgy and configuration of the metal reflectors pre-placed prior to installation of the asphalt or concrete pavement. Also, the absence of any metallic object near the reflector is required to avoid influencing the test result.1.6 MPI results require little interpretation when the correct reflector calibration is selected and used during the field test.1.7 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

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This test method deals with the standard practice of measuring saturation magnetization or induction of nonmetallic magnetic materials using a vibrating sample magnetometer, which could be commercially purchased from a manufacturer or constructed with normal machine shop facilities. The test specimen shall preferably be in the form of an isotropic sphere, the size of which shall depend on the measuring apparatus. Details concerning equipment setup and calibration, the measurement procedure, and the governing equations for numerical calculations are all discussed thouroughly.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of saturation magnetization of magnetic materials using a vibrating sample magnetometer.1.2 Explanation of symbols and abbreviated definitions appear in the text of this test method. The official symbols and definitions are listed in Terminology A340.1.3 The values stated in either customary (absolute (or practical) cgs-emu) units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this method.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 An appropriately developed, documented, and executed guide is essential for the proper collection and application of induction logs. This guide is to be used in conjunction with Guide D5753.5.2 The benefits of its use include improving: selection of induction logging methods and equipment; induction log quality and reliability; and usefulness of the induction log data for subsequent display and interpretation.5.3 This guide applies to commonly used induction logging methods for geotechnical applications.1.1 This guide is focused on the general procedures necessary to conduct electromagnetic-induction, induction, electromagnetic-conductivity, or electromagnetic-resistivity logging (hereafter referred as induction logging) of boreholes, wells, access tubes, caissons, or shafts (hereafter referred as boreholes) as commonly applied to geologic, engineering, groundwater and environmental (hereafter referred as geotechnical) explorations. Induction logging for minerals or petroleum applications is excluded.1.2 This guide defines an induction log as a record of formation electrical conductivity or resistivity with depth as measured by the induction method in a borehole.1.2.1 Induction logs are treated quantitatively and should be interpreted with other logs and data whenever possible.1.2.2 Induction logs are commonly used to: (1) delineate lithology; (2) evaluate formation water quality and effective porosity, and (3) correlate stratigraphy between boreholes.1.3 This guide is restricted to induction measurements that are at a frequency of less than 50 KHz; are non-directional; and average formation properties around the circumference of the borehole; which are the most common induction measurement devices used in geotechnical applications.1.4 This guide provides an overview of induction logging including (1) general procedures; (2) specific documentation; (3 ) calibration and standardization; and (4) log quality and interpretation.1.5 To obtain additional information on induction logs see References section in this guide.1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This guide should not be used as a sole criterion for induction logging and does not replace education, experience, and professional judgment. Induction logging procedures should be adapted to meet the needs of a range of applications and stated in general terms so that flexibility or innovation are not suppressed. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word standard in the title of this document means that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.7 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units [given in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be use independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Add, if appropriate, “Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.”1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

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This specification covers design and construction, physical properties, and performance requirements for cooktops which utilize induction as a means for cooking and warming food in commercial and institutional food service establishments. Included are tabletop units, drop-in units and floor standing equipment with integral induction hobs. Testing methods include temperature control accuracy test, dry pan test, minimum load detection test, operating power test, and induction cooktop efficiency test.1.1 This specification covers cooktops which utilize induction as a means for cooking and warming food in commercial and institutional food service establishments. Included are tabletop units, drop-in units and floor standing equipment with integral induction hobs.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The OIT is a qualitative assessment of the level (or degree) of stabilization of the material tested. This test has the potential to be used as a quality control measure to monitor the stabilization level in formulated resin as received from a supplier, prior to extrusion.NOTE 2: The OIT measurement is an accelerated thermal-aging test, and as such can be misleading. Caution should be exercised in data interpretation since oxidation reaction kinetics are a function of temperature and the inherent properties of the additives contained in the sample. For example, OIT results are often used to select optimum resin formulations. Volatile antioxidants may generate poor OIT results even though they may perform adequately at the intended use temperature of the finished product.NOTE 3: There is no accepted sampling procedure, nor have any definitive relationships been established for comparing OIT values on field samples to those on unused products, hence the use of such values for determining life expectancy is uncertain and subjective.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of the oxidative induction time (OIT) of polyolefin geosynthetics using differential scanning calorimetry.1.2 The focus of the test is on geomembranes, but geogrids, geonets, geotextiles, and other polyolefin-related geosynthetics are also suitable for such evaluation.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.NOTE 1: This standard and ISO 11357-6 2013 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车