2.1 This practice is intended for use by any technical investigator when investigating an incident that can be reasonably expected to be the subject of litigation. The intent is to obtain sufficient information and physical items to identify evidence associated with the incident and to preserve it for analysis.2.2 The quality of evidence may change with time, therefore, special effort should be taken to capture and preserve evidence in an expeditious manner. This practice sets forth guidelines for the collection and preservation of evidence for further analysis.2.3 Evidence that has been collected and preserved is identified with, and traceable to, the incident. This practice sets forth guidelines for such procedures.1.1 This practice covers guidelines for the collection and preservation of information and physical items by any technical investigator pertaining to an incident that can be reasonably expected to be the subject of litigation.1.2 This practice describes generally accepted professional principles and operations, although the facts and issues of each situation require consideration, and frequently involve matters not expressly dealt with herein. Deviations from this practice should be based on specific articulable circumstances.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 In Case 1, the sample is selected from a process or a very large population of interest. The population is essentially unlimited, and each item either has or has not the defined attribute. The population (process) has an unknown fraction of items p (long run average process non-conforming) having the attribute. The sample is a group of n discrete items selected at random from the process or population under consideration, and the attribute is not exhibited in the sample. The objective is to determine an upper confidence bound, pu, for the unknown fraction p whereby one can claim that p ≤ pu with some confidence coefficient (probability) C. The binomial distribution is the sampling distribution in this case.4.2 In Case 2, a sample of n items is selected at random from a finite lot of N items. Like Case 1, each item either has or has not the defined attribute, and the population has an unknown number, D, of items having the attribute. The sample does not exhibit the attribute. The objective is to determine an upper confidence bound, Du, for the unknown number D, whereby one can claim that D ≤ Du with some confidence coefficient (probability) C. The hypergeometric distribution is the sampling distribution in this case.4.3 In Case 3, there is a process, but the output is a continuum, such as area (for example, a roll of paper or other material, a field of crop), volume (for example, a volume of liquid or gas), or time (for example, hours, days, quarterly, etc.) The sample size is defined as that portion of the “continuum” sampled, and the defined attribute may occur any number of times over the sampled portion. There is an unknown average rate of occurrence, λ, for the defined attribute over the sampled interval of the continuum that is of interest. The sample does not exhibit the attribute. For a roll of paper, this might be blemishes per 100 ft2; for a volume of liquid, microbes per cubic litre; for a field of crop, spores per acre; for a time interval, calls per hour, customers per day or accidents per quarter. The rate, λ, is proportional to the size of the interval of interest. Thus, if λ = 12 blemishes per 100 ft2 of paper, this is equivalent to 1.2 blemishes per 10 ft2 or 30 blemishes per 250 ft2. It is important to keep in mind the size of the interval in the analysis and interpretation. The objective is to determine an upper confidence bound, λu, for the unknown occurrence rate λ, whereby one can claim that λ ≤ λu with some confidence coefficient (probability) C. The Poisson distribution is the sampling distribution in this case.4.4 A variation on Case 3 is the situation where the sampled “interval” is really a group of discrete items, and the defined attribute may occur any number of times within an item. This might be the case where the continuum is a process producing discrete items such as metal parts, and the attribute is defined as a scratch. Any number of scratches could occur on any single item. In such a case, the occurrence rate, λ, might be defined as scratches per 1000 parts or some similar metric.4.5 In each case, a sample of items or a portion of a continuum is examined for the presence of a defined attribute, and the attribute is not observed (that is, a zero response). The objective is to determine an upper confidence bound for either an unknown proportion, p (Case 1), an unknown quantity, D (Case 2), or an unknown rate of occurrence, λ (Case 3). In this practice, confidence means the probability that the unknown parameter is not more than the upper bound. More generally, these methods determine a relationship among sample size, confidence and the upper confidence bound. They can be used to determine the sample size required to demonstrate a specific p, D, or λ with some degree of confidence. They can also be used to determine the degree of confidence achieved in demonstrating a specified p, D, or λ.4.6 In this practice, allowance is made for misclassification error but only when misclassification rates are well understood or known, and can be approximated numerically.4.7 It is possible to impose the language of classical acceptance sampling theory on this method. Terms such as lot tolerance percent defective, acceptable quality level, and consumer quality level are not used in this practice. For more information on these terms, see Practice E1994.AbstractThis practice presents methodology for the setting of an upper confidence bound regarding an unknown fraction or quantity non-conforming, or a rate of occurrence for nonconformities, in cases where the method of attributes is used and there is a zero response in a sample. Three cases are considered. In Case 1, the sample is selected from a process or a very large population of interest. In Case 2, a sample of n items is selected at random from a finite lot of N items. In Case 3, there is a process, but the output is a continuum, such as area (for example, a roll of paper or other material, a field of crop), volume (for example, a volume of liquid or gas), or time (for example, hours, days, quarterly, etc.) The sample size is defined as that portion of the �continuum� sampled, and the defined attribute may occur any number of times over the sampled portion.1.1 This practice presents methodology for the setting of an upper confidence bound regarding a unknown fraction or quantity non-conforming, or a rate of occurrence for nonconformities, in cases where the method of attributes is used and there is a zero response in a sample. Three cases are considered.1.1.1 The sample is selected from a process or a very large population of discrete items, and the number of non-conforming items in the sample is zero.1.1.2 A sample of items is selected at random from a finite lot of discrete items, and the number of non-conforming items in the sample is zero.1.1.3 The sample is a portion of a continuum (time, space, volume, area, etc.) and the number of non-conformities in the sample is zero.1.2 Allowance is made for misclassification error in this practice, but only when misclassification rates are well understood or known and can be approximated numerically.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Interactions of items with the MR environment have resulted in serious injuries and death of patients and other individuals. This practice lists hazards that may be present in the MR environment. It specifies marking of items anticipated to enter the MR environment and recommends information that should be included in the associated labeling.4.2 This practice provides a uniform system of visual icons and terms for marking items for use in the MR environment.1.1 This practice applies to medical devices and other items that are anticipated to enter the magnetic resonance (MR) environment.NOTE 1: “Medical devices and other items” will be referred to as “items” for the remainder of this practice.1.2 The practice specifies the marking of items anticipated to enter the MR environment by means of terms and icons, and recommends information that should be included in the labeling.1.3 MR image artifacts are not in the scope of the mandatory portions of this practice because they do not present a direct safety issue resulting from specific characteristics of the MR examination (see X1.12).1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide is used to establish a set of definitions that allows manufacturers, consumers, retailers, and the scientific community to use a common language to define candles and associated accessory items.1.1 This guide defines standard terms used to describe candles and associated accessory products.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice establishes procedures to be followed by the forensic science practitioner to document the nature, state, or condition of items of evidence. It also describes specific actions that are required for destructive testing if planned testing, examination, disassembly, or other actions are likely to alter the nature, state, or condition of the evidence so as to preclude or adversely limit additional examination or testing.4.2 Deviations from this practice are not necessarily wrong or inferior, but such deviations should be justified and documented.1.1 This practice covers procedures for the examination and testing of evidence items or systems that may have been involved in a specific incident which are, or may be reasonably expected to be, the subject of civil or criminal litigation.1.2 This practice is applicable when it is determined that examination or testing of evidence is required, and such examination is likely to change the nature, state, or condition of the evidence.1.3 This practice is intended for use by competent forensic science practitioners with the requisite formal education, discipline-specific training (see Practice E2917), and demonstrated proficiency to perform forensic casework.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification establishes the requirements for labelling of materials and products (including packaging), wherein a biodegradable plastic film or coating is attached (either through lamination or extrusion directly onto the paper) to compostable substrates and the entire product or package is designed to be composted in municipal and industrial aerobic composting facilities. This specification, however, does not describe the contents of the product or their performance with regards to compostability or biodegradability. In order to compost satisfactorily, the product must demonstrate each of the three characteristics as follows: (1) proper disintegration during composting; (2) adequate level of inherent biodegradation; and (3) no adverse impacts on the ability of composts to support plant growth.1.1 This specification covers end items that include plastics or polymers where plastic film/ sheet or polymers are incorporated (either through lamination, extrusion or mixing) to substrates and the entire end item is designed to be composted under aerobic conditions in municipal and industrial composting facilities, where thermophilic temperatures are achieved.1.2 This specification is intended to establish the requirements for labeling of end items which use plastics or polymers as coatings or binders, as “compostable in aerobic municipal and industrial composting facilities.”1.3 The properties in this specification are those required to determine if end items (including packaging) which use plastics and polymers as coatings or binders will compost satisfactorily, in large scale aerobic municipal or industrial composting where maximum throughput is a high priority and where intermediate stages of plastic biodegradation must not be visible to the end user for aesthetic reasons.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the test methods portion of this standard: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent for this standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This classification system covers thermoplastic materials, used as joining materials, for the creation of joints between similar or dissimilar materials, to produce finished products or parts that are intended to be disassembled and/or reassembled.1.2 This class of materials enables disconnection of the different parts or layers of a products for refurbishing, repair and full recovery and recycling of the joined materials, for instance at the end of life of the product(s), enabling the reuse of valuable resources, and hence reducing adverse impact on the environment.1.3 The properties included in this classification system are those required to identify the materials covered. It is possible that there are other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications. One way of specifying them is by using the suffixes as given in Section 5.1.4 This classification system and subsequent line callout (specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection is best made by those having expertise in the plastic field after careful consideration of the design and the performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabrication process to be employed, the costs involved, and the inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this classification system.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this classification system. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: Application examples are fully recyclable mattresses and floor coverings. These products can be disassembled into its different parts, by using heat, for refurbishing, repair and full recovery and recycling of the joined materials at the end of the product’s life.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 It is anticipated that this practice will be referenced by certifiers, purchasers, and other users in order to meet their specific needs. Those users will specify which conditioning procedures are applicable.1.1 This practice applies to the conditioning of hard armor test items prior to ballistic resistance testing. Hard armor is an item of personal protective equipment that is constructed of rigid materials and is intended to protect the wearer from threats that may include ballistic threats, stabbing, fragmentation, or blunt impact, or combinations thereof. (Terminology E3005.) Hard armor is also referred to as hard armor plate and plate.NOTE 1: Ballistic resistance testing is not covered in this practice.1.2 This practice describes requirements for subjecting test items to conditions intended to assess the capability of the test item to withstand environmental conditions that induce responses similar to those that might result from conditions encountered during use. This practice includes the conditioning procedures listed below:1.2.1 Controlled ambient conditioning procedure,1.2.2 Thermal/temperature shock procedure,1.2.3 Temperature extremes procedure,1.2.4 Weathering procedure,1.2.5 Fluid exposure procedure,1.2.6 Altitude exposure procedure,1.2.7 Vibration conditioning procedure,1.2.8 Impact Durability pre-conditioning,1.2.9 Impact Durability procedure for torso front and back plates, and1.2.10 Impact Durability procedure for other plates (that is, other than torso front and back plates).1.3 The user of this practice shall determine which conditioning procedures apply.NOTE 2: This practice may not be applicable to all types of hard armor.1.4 In this practice, “other standards and specifications” and “unless specified elsewhere” refer to documents (for example, military standards, purchase specifications) that require the use of this practice. Purchasers and other users are responsible for the “other standards and specifications” and for specifying any requirements that supersede those of this practice.1.5 This practice does not address pass/fail requirements for test items subjected to these procedures.1.6 This practice does not address visual inspections or radiographic inspections of test items that may be required prior to or following conditioning.NOTE 3: It is recommended that a thorough visual examination of each test item prior to and after the exposures be performed to document any change in physical appearance resulting from the exposure.1.7 This practice does not address subsequent conditioning or testing of test items.1.8 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.8.1 The user of this standard will identify the system of units to be used, and it is critical to ensure that any cross-referenced standards maintain consistency of units between standards.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification establishes the indoor ballistic test range requirements for small arms and fragmentation testing of the following ballistic-resistant items: soft body armor, hard armor plates, body armor accessories, shields, and helmets. It specifies critical test range parameters in order to achieve consistency/repeatability among test ranges. It does not apply to “contact” shots taken on the test item (that is, the muzzle rests on the strike face of the test item).1.1 This standard specifies indoor ballistic test range requirements for small arms and fragmentation testing of the following ballistic-resistant items: soft body armor, hard armor plates, body armor accessories, shields, and helmets. The specification includes requirements for range geometry (for example, dimensions, alignment, spacing), range conditions (for example, temperature, humidity, lighting), test equipment (for example, receiver, mounting, test barrels, backing assembly mounting), instrumentation (for example, light screens, high speed cameras, radar), and measurement procedures (for example, projectile velocity, yaw).1.2 The purpose of this standard is to specify critical test range parameters in order to achieve consistency/repeatability among test ranges.1.3 This specification is not applicable for “contact” shots taken on the test item (that is, the muzzle rests on the strike face of the test item).1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4.1 The user of this standard will identify the system of units to be used, and it is critical to ensure that any cross-referenced standards maintain consistency of units between standards.1.5 This standard does not address environmental concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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