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定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

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定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

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1.1 This document provides guidance to designers who are considering the use of metal Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB) method for their products. This guide outlines the following post-processing operations that can be considered after completion of a build on a metal additive manufacturing system:1.1.1 Powder removal,1.1.2 Thermal post-processing,1.1.3 Build platform removal,1.1.4 Support removal,1.1.5 Machining, and1.1.6 Surface finishing.1.2 The topics of non-destructive testing (NDT) and inspection are beyond the scope of this document as it requires a comprehensive guide in its own right. Also, outside the scope are other metal PBF processes such as powder bed fusion – electron beam (PBF-EB) and hybrid additive manufacturing (methods combining additive manufacturing and subtractive manufacturing technologies in a single machine).1.3 With respect to existing ISO/ASTM standards, this guide is positioned between ISO/ASTM 52910 and process-specific design guidelines such as ISO/ASTM 52911-1.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide is one of a set of guides and practices that provide recommendations for properly implementing dosimetry in radiation processing. In order to understand and effectively use this and other dosimetry standards, consider first “Practice for Dosimetry in Radiation Processing,” ASTM/ISO 52628, which describes the basic requirements that apply when making absorbed dose measurements in accordance with the ASTM E61 series of dosimetry standards. In addition, ASTM/ISO 52628 provides guidance on the selection of dosimetry systems and directs the user to other standards that provide information on individual dosimetry systems, calibration methods, uncertainty estimation and radiation processing applications.4.2 Radiation processing is carried out under fixed path conditions where (a) a process load is automatically moved through the radiation field by mechanical means or (b) a process load is irradiated statically by manually placing product at predetermined positions before the process is started. In both cases the process is controlled in such a manner that the process load position(s) and orientation(s) are reproducible within specified limits.NOTE 2: Static irradiation encompasses irradiation of the process load using either manual rotation, no rotation or automated rotation.4.3 Some radiation processing facilities that utilize a fixed conveyor path for routine processing may also characterize a region within the radiation field for static radiation processing, sometimes referred to as “Off Carrier” processing.4.4 Many radiation processing applications require a minimum absorbed dose (to achieve a desired effect or to fulfill a legal requirement), and a maximum absorbed dose (to ensure that the product, material or substance still meets functional specifications or to fulfill a legal requirement).4.5 Information from the dose mapping is used to:4.5.1 Characterize the radiation process and assess the reproducibility of absorbed-dose values, which may be used as part of operational qualification and performance qualification.4.5.2 Determine the spatial distribution of absorbed doses and the zone(s) of maximum and minimum absorbed doses throughout a process load, which may consist of an actual or simulated product.4.5.3 Establish the relationship between the dose at a routine monitoring position and the dose within the minimum and maximum dose zones established for a process load.4.5.4 Verify mathematical dose calculation methods. See ASTM Guide E2232.4.5.5 Determine the effect of process interruptions on the distribution of absorbed dose and the magnitude of the minimum and maximum doses.4.5.6 Assess the impact on the distribution of absorbed dose and the magnitude of the minimum and maximum doses resulting from the transition from one process load to another where changes, for example, in product density or product loading pattern may occur.1.1 This document provides guidance in determining absorbed-dose distributions (mapping) in products, materials or substances irradiated in gamma, X-ray (bremsstrahlung) and electron beam facilities.NOTE 1: For irradiation of food and the radiation sterilization of health care products, specific ISO and ISO/ASTM standards containing dose mapping requirements exist. See ISO/ASTM Practices 51608, 51649, 51702 and 51818 and ISO 11137-1. Regarding the radiation sterilization of health care products, in those areas covered by ISO 11137-1, that standard takes precedence.1.2 This guide is one of a set of standards that provides recommendations for properly implementing dosimetry in radiation processing. It is intended to be read in conjunction with ISO/ASTM 52628.1.3 Methods of analyzing the dose map data are described. Examples are provided of statistical methods that may be used to analyze dose map data.1.4 Dose mapping for bulk flow processing and fluid streams is not discussed.1.5 Dosimetry is an element of a total quality management system for an irradiation facility. Other controls besides dosimetry may be required for specific applications such as medical device sterilization and food preservation.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This document covers the principal considerations which apply to data exchange for additive manufacturing. It specifies terms and definitions which enable information to be exchanged describing geometries or parts such that they can be additively manufactured. The data exchange method outlines file type, data enclosed formatting of such data and what this can be used for.This document— enables a suitable format for data exchange to be specified,— describes the existing developments for additive manufacturing of 3D geometries,— outlines existing file formats used as part of the existing developments, and— enables understanding of necessary features for data exchange, for adopters of this document.1.2 This document is aimed at users and producers of additive manufacturing processes and associated software systems. It applies wherever additive processes are used, and to the following fields in particular:— producers of additive manufacturing systems and equipment including software;— software engineers involved in CAD/CAE systems;— reverse engineering systems developers;— test bodies wishing to compare requested and actual geometries.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 These test methods provide a field technique for the bacteriological analysis of electronic process waters. The sampling of these waters and subsequent bacteriological analysis may be critical to electronic product yields. Bacteria can be the prime source of harmful contamination which can significantly reduce the yield of satisfactory microelectronic device production.5.2 The test methods described here may be used both to monitor the bacteriological quality of water used in microelectronic product processing, and to locate the source of bacterial contamination in a water purification system.5.3 These test methods are simple field methods, combining sampling and bacteriological analysis techniques that do not require bacteriological laboratory facilities.5.4 The test methods described employ culture techniques for bacteriological analysis. The user should be aware that such techniques cannot provide a complete count of the total viable bacteria present, since clumps and clusters of bacteria will appear as one single colony when cultured, and since some viable bacteria will not grow under the test conditions used. However, a meaningful comparative bacteria count will be achieved by this method if the culturing of the sample is always done at the same temperature, and for the same period of time. The temperature of incubation should always be at 28 ± 2°C, and the period of incubation should be 48 h (or 72 h if time permits). The period of incubation and temperature should be the same for all comparative studies.1.1 These test methods cover sampling and analysis of high purity water from water purification systems and water transmission systems by the direct sampling tap and filtration of the sample collected in the bag. These test methods cover both the sampling of water lines and the subsequent microbiological analysis of the sample by the culture technique. The microorganisms recovered from the water samples and counted on the filters include both aerobes and facultative anaerobes.1.2 Three methods are described as follows:  SectionsTest Method A—Sample Tap—Direct Filtration 6 to 8Test Method B—Presterilized Plastic Bag Technique 9 to 12Test Method B2 —Dip Strip Technique2/Presterilized Plastic Bag  1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 These criteria6 and procedures provide a uniform base for analysis of liquid drop data.1.1 This practice gives procedures for determining appropriate sample size, size class widths, characteristic drop sizes, and dispersion measure of drop size distribution. The accuracy of and correction procedures for measurements of drops using particular equipment are not part of this practice. Attention is drawn to the types of sampling (spatial, flux-sensitive, or neither) with a note on conversion required (methods not specified). The data are assumed to be counts by drop size. The drop size is assumed to be the diameter of a sphere of equivalent volume.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 The analysis applies to all liquid drop distributions except where specific restrictions are stated.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Radiation processing of articles in both commercial and research applications may be carried out for a number of purposes. These include, for example, sterilization of health care products, reduction of the microbial populations in foods and modification of polymers. The radiations used may be accelerated electrons, gamma-radiation from radionuclide sources such as cobalt-60, or X-radiation.To demonstrate control of the radiation process, the absorbed dose must be measured using a dosimetry system, the calibration of which, is traceable to appropriate national or international standards. The radiation-induced change in the dosimeter is evaluated and related to absorbed dose through calibration. Dose measurements required for particular processes are described in other standards referenced in this practice.1.1 This practice describes the basic requirements that apply when making absorbed dose measurements in accordance with the ASTM E10.01 series of dosimetry standards. In addition, it provides guidance on the selection of dosimetry systems and directs the user to other standards that provide specific information on individual dosimetry systems, calibration methods, uncertainty estimation and radiation processing applications.1.2 This practice applies to dosimetry for radiation processing applications using electrons or photons (gamma- or X-radiation).1.3 This practice addresses the minimum requirements of a measurement management system, but does not include general quality system requirements.1.4 This practice does not address personnel dosimetry or medical dosimetry.1.5 This practice does not apply to primary standard dosimetry systems.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

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定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

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