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5.1 The glass petri plate provides a closed system for enumeration and easy application of a pre-saturated or impregnated antimicrobial towelette by an analyst.5.2 Inoculation of carriers (five 10 µL spots of microbial suspension) is conducted using a template and a positive displacement pipette, thereby ensuring a precise inoculum level and uniform distribution of inoculum.5.3 A single towelette is tested per carrier, thereby ensuring comparable treatment among carriers and eliminating the likelihood of cross-contamination between carriers.5.4 The circular motion of the product application (wipe outside to inside, lift towelette to invert and wipe inside to outside) is a relevant motion that ensures uniform coverage and contact of disinfectant with the inoculated surface.5.5 The addition of neutralizer to the treated plates ensures thorough neutralization at the end of the product’s contact time. This test method provides a procedure for performing neutralization verification to confirm that the microbicidal and/or microbistatic activity of a test substance has been brought to an undetectable level at the end of the contact time.5.6 The design of the test method minimizes any loss of viable organisms through carrier wash-off.5.7 This test method provides for optional use of an organic soil load as dictated by a product’s label claim.5.8 It is optional to adjust (either dilute or concentrate) the inoculum level to achieve desired control carrier counts and to accommodate different product performance standards.1.1 This test method provides detailed instructions for performing a quantitative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of a towelette when challenged against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica. The method may be used with other microbial strains, though modification may be necessary to accommodate recovery.1.1.1 Antimicrobial towelettes, designed to decontaminate hard, non-porous surfaces, are diverse in size, matrix composition, and packaging.1.1.2 Antimicrobial towelettes also vary in label claims and use directions.1.2 This quantitative method does not differentiate between mechanical removal of inoculum from a surface and chemical inactivation of the test microbe; rather, product efficacy is considered a combination of both attributes of a towelette-based formulation.1.3 It is the responsibility of the investigator to determine whether Good Laboratory Practices (GLP Standards—40 CFR, Part 160 of FIFRA) are required and to follow them when appropriate.1.4 This standard may involve the use of hazardous materials, chemicals and infectious microorganisms and should be performed only by persons with formal training in microbiology.1.5 Strict adherence to the protocol is necessary for the validity of the test results.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not address specific product performance standards established by regulatory authorities; see Section 10, Note 2 for details.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 Qualitative and quantitative fiber identification is actively pursued by committee RA24 (Fiber Identification) of AATCC and presented in AATCC Test Methods 20 and 20A. Since precision and bias development is also part of the AATCC test methods, both AATCC and ASTM D13 have agreed that new development will take place in RA24. However, because there is valuable information still present in the ASTM standards, D13.51 has agreed Test MethodsD276 and D629 will be maintained as active standards by ASTM.5.2 Test Methods D629 for the determination of quantitative analysis of textiles may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments but caution is advised since information on between-laboratory precision is lacking. Comparative tests as directed in 5.2.1 or in Standard Tables D1909 may be advisable.5.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results using Test Methods D629 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimen should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing began. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias.5.3 The effects of the various reagents used in the chemical methods on the residual fibers in a blend depend upon the history of the fibers and, unless otherwise stated, are generally too small or too uncertain to warrant the application of correction factors.5.4 Fiber composition is generally expressed either on the oven-dry mass of the original sample or the oven-dry mass of the clean fiber after the removal of nonfibrous materials. If nonfibrous materials are not first removed from the textile before the fiber analysis is carried out, or if the treatments described in Section 8 are incapable of removing them, any such materials present will increase the percentage of the fiber constituent with which they are removed during the analysis, assuming they are soluble in the solvent used.5.5 The analytical methods are intended primarily for the separation of binary mixtures of fibers. These procedures may also be used for the analysis of mixtures containing more than two types of fibers by selecting the best combination of methods to use (Table 1). Since a sequence of solvents on a given fiber may produce different results than the expected results from a single solvent, it is advisable to determine the results of such sequential effects when testing multiple fiber blends. It is sometimes more convenient to separate mechanically the yarns in a textile which are of similar types, and then use the appropriate chemical method to analyze each of the components. Table 2 shows the solubilities of the various fibers in different chemical reagents.(A) Key to Methods and Reagents:Method No. 1—80 % acetone(cold)Method No. 2— N-ButyrolactoneMethod No. 3—90 % formic acidMethod No. 4—59.5 % sulfuric acidMethod No. 5—70 % sulfuric acidMethod No. 6—Sodium hypochlorite solutionMethod No. 7—Curpammonia solutionMethod No. 8—Hot xyleneMethod No. 9—90 % formic acidMethod No. 10—N,N-dimethylacetamide(B) Each analytical method is identified by a number and where possible, two methods of analysis are provided for each binary mixture of fibers. The number or numbers inside parentheses refers to the method that dissolves the fiber shown at the top of the diagram. The number or numbers outside the parentheses indicates the method that dissolves the fiber listed at the left side of the diagram. Where two methods are listed for a specific binary mixture, the non-superscript method number represents the method of choice.(A) Key to Symbols:S  =  SolublePS  =  Partially SolubleSS  =  Slightly Soluble (a correction factor may be applied)I  =  Insoluble(B) Reworked wools are soluble in 70 % H2SO4 depending upon their previous history.1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the determination of the fiber blend composition of mixtures of the fibers listed in 1.2. Procedures for quantitative estimation of the amount of moisture and certain nonfibrous materials in textiles are also described, for use in the analysis of mixtures, but these are not the primary methods for the determination of moisture content for commercial weights.1.2 These test methods cover procedures for the following fiber types:1.2.1 Natural Fibers: 1.2.1.1 Cellulose-Base Fibers: Cotton Hemp Flax Ramie1.2.1.2 Protein-Base Fibers: Animal hairs (other than wool) Silk, cultivated Silk, Tussah Wool1.2.2 Man-Made Fibers: 1.2.2.1 Cellulose-Base Fibers: Acetate (secondary) Rayon, viscose or cuprammonium Triacetate1.2.2.2 Synthetic-Base Fibers: Acrylic Aramid Modacrylic Nylon 6, Nylon 6-6, others Olefin Polyester Spandex1.3 These test methods include the following sections and tables:  Section Referenced Documents  2Terminology  3Summary of Methods  4Uses and Significance  5Sampling  7Purity of Reagents  6Moisture Content or Moisture Regain  9Nonfibrous Materials  8Mechanical Separation or Dissection 10Chemical Test Methods:   Summary of Methods 11 Specimens and Symbols 12 No. 1 Acetate Mixed With Other Fibers 13 No. 2 Modacrylic Mixed With Cellulosic Fiber or Wool 14 No. 3 Nylon 6 or Nylon 6-6 Mixed With Natural Fibers or   Rayon 15 No. 4 Rayon Mixed With Cotton 16 No. 5 Wool or Polyester Mixed With Cellulosic Fibers or Silk 17 No. 6 Polyester or Acrylic Mixed With Wool 18 No. 7 Natural Cellulosic Material and Rayon Mixed With   Acrylic, Modacrylic, and Polyester 19 No. 8 Polyester Mixed With Olefin 20 No. 9 Polyester Mixed With Acetate or Nylon 6,6-6 21 No. 10 Acrylic Fiber or Linear Spandex Mixed With Nylon or   Polyester 22Microscopical Analysis    23 Summary of Method 24 Sampling 26 Apparatus 25 Procedure 27Keywords 28   Table Chemical Methods for Analysis of Fiber Mixtures  1Solubilities of Various Fibers in Solvents Used in Chemical Methods  2Fineness Ranges and Fiber Diameters of Various Textile Fibers  3Density and Moisture Regain of Common Fiber Types  41.4 The analytical procedures described in the test methods are applicable to the fibers listed in 1.2. The test methods are not satisfactory for the separation of mixtures containing fibers that fall within the same generic class but differ somewhat, either physically or chemically, from each other. These test methods are not satisfactory for the determination of bicomponent fibers.NOTE 1: For other methods of analysis covering specific determinations, refer to: Test Methods D461, Test Method D584, Methods D885, Test Method D1113, Test Method D1334, and Test Method D2130. Methods for moisture are covered in Methods D885, Test Method D1576, Test Method D2462, Test Method D2495 and Test Methods D2654. For the determination of commercial weight, refer to Test Method D2494.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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6.1 This guide can be used to quantitatively assess the intensity of specific attributes of hair odors resulting from hair-care products.6.2 This guide may be utilized for product development, research guidance, and quality control.6.3 These are suggested procedures and are not meant to exclude alternate procedures that may effectively provide the same or similar results.1.1 This guide covers standardized procedures for the quantitative sensory assessment of fragrance/odor intensity or attribute intensity of fragrances in hair-care products through all stages of use (point of purchase, lather, in use, wet hair after rinse, and dry hair) under laboratory conditions with trained assessors.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Although Test Method D4017 is widely used for the determination of water in paints and related materials, this method may overcome some of the variability found in the Karl Fischer method.4.2 Control of water content is often important in controlling the performance of paints, and it is critical in determining volatile organic compound (VOC) content when VOC content is measured by difference from total volatile matter and water content as required in certain federal and state regulations.1.1 This test method describes the determination of the total water content of paints using a calcium hydride reaction test kit, or water content between 2 and 85 % water.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 All of these test methods can be used for quantitative determinations of asphalt binder in asphalt mixtures and pavement samples for specification acceptance, service evaluation, control, and research. Each method prescribes the solvent or solvents and any other reagents that can be used in the test method.NOTE 2: Further testing of the asphalt mixture may be performed by using sieve analysis on the extracted aggregate, Test Method D5444, or recovering the extracted asphalt binder from solution by Test Method D1856, Practice D5404/D5404M, or Practice D7906 for asphalt binder property testing. When recovering the asphalt binder for property testing, all mineral matter should be removed from the effluent.NOTE 3: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 These test methods cover the quantitative determination of asphalt binder content in asphalt mixtures and pavement samples. Aggregate obtained by these methods may be used for sieve analysis using Test Method D5444. This test is not appropriate for testing asphalt mixtures containing coal tar.1.2 Asphalt binder may be recovered using Test Method D1856, Practice D5404/D5404M, or Practice D7906.1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards are given in Section 7.NOTE 1: The results obtained by these test methods may be affected by the age of the material tested, with older samples tending to yield slightly lower asphalt binder content. Best quantitative results are obtained when the test is made on mixtures and pavements shortly after their preparation. It is difficult to remove all the asphalt when some aggregates are used and some chlorides may remain within the mineral matter affecting the measured asphalt content.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This provisional test method covers a procedure for the extraction and recovery of asphalt binder from asphalt mixtures-both HMA (hot mix asphalt) and RAP (reclaimed/recycled asphalt pavement)-having a minimal effect on the physical properties of the asphalt binder recovered. It is intended for use when the physical properties of the recovered asphalt are to be determined. It can also be used to determine the quantity of asphalt binder in the HMA or RAP. Recovered aggregate may be used for sieve analysis.1.2 The values stated in SI units are regarded as the standard. Values in parentheses are for informational use.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1—Provisional standards require only subcommittee consensus and are published for a limited time of two years. This standard is being developed as a provisional standard because this method of extraction and recovery has been shown to produce more repeatable results than other methods of extraction and recovery that were tested. The subcommittee wishes to approve the method so that additional laboratories may use it to assist with the development of precision and bias statements.

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5.1 This guide covers procedures for quantifying the elemental composition of phases in a microstructure. It includes both methods that use standards as well as standardless methods, and it discusses the precision and accuracy that one can expect from the technique. The guide applies to EDS with a solid-state X-ray detector used on an SEM or EPMA.5.2 EDS is a suitable technique for routine quantitative analysis of elements that are 1) heavier than or equal to sodium in atomic weight, 2) present in tenths of a percent or greater by weight, and 3) occupying a few cubic micrometres, or more, of the specimen. Elements of lower atomic number than sodium can be analyzed with either ultra-thin-window or windowless spectrometers, generally with less precision than is possible for heavier elements. Trace elements, defined as <1.0 %,2 can be analyzed but with lower precision compared with analyses of elements present in greater concentration.1.1 This guide is intended to assist those using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) for quantitative analysis of materials with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). It is not intended to substitute for a formal course of instruction, but rather to provide a guide to the capabilities and limitations of the technique and to its use. For a more detailed treatment of the subject, see Goldstein, et al. (1) This guide does not cover EDS with a transmission electron microscope (TEM).1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 Pole figures are two-dimensional graphic representations, on polar coordinate paper, of the average distribution of crystallite orientations in three dimensions. Data for constructing pole figures are obtained with X-ray diffractometers, using reflection and transmission techniques. 3.2 Several alternative procedures may be used. Some produce complete pole figures. Others yield partial pole figures, which may be combined to produce a complete figure. 1.1 This test method covers the use of the X-ray diffractometer to prepare quantitative pole figures. 1.2 The test method consists of several experimental procedures. Some of the procedures (1-5)2 permit preparation of a complete pole figure. Others must be used in combination to produce a complete pole figure. 1.3 Pole figures (6) and inverse pole figures (7-10) are two dimensional averages of the three-dimensional crystallite orientation distribution. Pole figures may be used to construct either inverse pole figures (11-13) or the crystallite orientation distribution (14-21). Development of series expansions of the crystallite orientation distribution from reflection pole figures (22, 23) makes it possible to obtain a series expansion of a complete pole figure from several incomplete pole figures. Pole figures or inverse pole figures derived by such methods shall be termed calculated. These techniques will not be described herein. 1.4 Provided the orientation is homogeneous through the thickness of the sheet, certain procedures (1-3) may be used to obtain a complete pole figure. 1.5 Provided the orientation has mirror symmetry with respect to planes perpendicular to the rolling, transverse, and normal directions, certain procedures (4, 5, 24) may be used to obtain a complete pole figure. 1.6 The test method emphasizes the Schulz reflection technique (25). Other techniques (3, 4, 5, 24) may be considered variants of the Schulz technique and are cited as options, but not described herein. 1.7 The test method also includes a description of the transmission technique of Decker, et al (26), which may be used in conjunction with the Schulz reflection technique to obtain a complete pole figure. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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