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5.1 Solvent extraction of soils and sediments can provide information on the availability of petroleum hydrocarbons to leaching, water quality changes, or other site conditions.5.2 Rapid heating, in combination with temperatures in excess of the atmospheric boiling point of acetone/hexane, reduces sample preparation or extraction times.5.3 Reduced amounts of solvents are required and solvent loss due to boiling and evaporation are eliminated by use of closed extraction vessels.1.1 This practice covers the solvent extraction of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) from soils and sediments, using closed vessel microwave heating, for subsequent determination by gravimetric or gas chromatographic techniques.1.2 This practice is recommended only for solid samples that can pass through a ten mesh screen (approximately 2 mm openings).1.3 The solvent extract obtained by this practice may be analyzed for total or specific nonvolatile and semivolatile petroleum hydrocarbons but may require sample clean-up procedures prior to specific compound analysis.1.4 This practice is limited to solvents that are recommended for use in microwave solvent extraction systems.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.5.1 Exception—The inch-pound values given for units of pressure are to be regarded as standard; SI unit conversions are shown in parentheses.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 9.

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Test Method A is necessary because the corrosivity of a solvent system can be detrimental to the equipment being cleaned. It is used to compare the corrosivity of various solvent systems and to determine the corrosivity of selected solvent systems under different conditions.Test Method B is necessary because the corrosivity of a solvent system can be changed by the presence of ions in the solvent system. It is used to determine if the ions that might be present during a cleaning operation would significantly change the corrosivity of a solvent system.Test Method C is necessary because the corrosivity of a solvent system under magnetite removal conditions can be different from the corrosivity in the absence of deposit. It is used to determine the corrosivity of the solvent system under magnetite removal conditions.Test Method D is necessary because the presence or absence of deposits may affect the corrosivity of the solvent system. It is used to determine the corrosivity of solvent systems on deposit-coated specimens. These results are compared with results obtained from Test Method A to determine the effect of the deposit.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of corrosivity of solvent systems used to remove water-formed deposits from the metal and alloy surfaces of water handling equipment. Four test methods are given as follows: SectionsTest Method A—Corrosivity in the Absence of Deposits 10 to 15Test Method B—Corrosivity in the Presence of Selected Ions 16 to 21Test Method C—Corrosivity with Magnetite-Coated SteelSpecimens 22 to 28Test Method D—Corrosivity with Deposit-Coated Specimens 29 to 351.2 Test Methods A and B provide for corrosivity testing under either static immersion or dynamic conditions.1.3 Test Methods C and D are procedures applicable for corrosivity testing under static immersion conditions only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 The use of nonreinforced geomembranes as barrier materials has created a need for a test method to evaluate the quality of chemical fusion seams produced by methods other than thermal fusion. This test method is used for quality control purposes and is intended to provide quality control and quality assurance personnel with a method to evaluate seam quality.4.2 This test method utilizes two methods of sampling and specimen preparation for the purpose of providing a method of specimen preparation when overlapping of the seam does or does not produce a flap suitable for testing purposes.1.1 This test method describes destructive quality control and quality assurance tests used to determine the integrity of geomembrane seams produced by adhesive and chemical fusion methods. These test procedures are intended for nonreinforced geomembranes only. This test method utilizes two sampling techniques; Method A is for seams produced without a testing flap, while Method B is for seams that produce a testing flap.1.2 The rationale behind the two methods is that most seaming processes produce some type of flap on the back side or front side, or both, of the seam to perform peel testing. However, there are some processes in the industry that do not produce any type of flap to perform seam peel testing, and this is where the additional method is needed.1.3 This method is intended for use with polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-based material seams, but is not limited to PVC.1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.5 Hazardous Materials—Always consult the proper Material Safety Data Sheets for any hazardous materials used for proper ventilation and protection.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 PFAS are widely used in various industrial and commercial products; they are persistent, bio-accumulative, and ubiquitous in the environment. PFAS have been reported to exhibit developmental toxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and hormone disturbance. PFAS have been detected in soils, sludges, surface, and drinking waters. This is a quick, easy, and robust method to quantitatively determine these compounds at trace levels in soil/biosolid matrices.5.2 This test method has been validated using four ASTM reference soils (CH-1, ML-1, CL-1, and SP-1). ASTM reference soil CH-1 is Fat Clay (CH)—Vicksburg Buckshot Clay; ASTM reference soil ML-1 is silt (ML)—Vicksburg silt; ASTM reference soil CL-1 is lean clay (CL)—Annapolis clay; and ASTM reference soil SP-1 is sand (SP)—Frederick sand and four biosolids (Missouri, California, Idaho, and Georgia). Refer to the Precision and Bias (Section 17).1.1 This test method covers the determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil/biosolid matrices by solvent extraction, filtering, separation using liquid chromatography (LC), and detection with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). These analytes are extracted from soil/biosolids with basic water and methanol then qualitatively and quantitatively determined by this test method. Quantitation is by selected reaction monitoring (SRM), sometimes referred to as multiple reaction monitoring (MRM).1.2 The reporting limit (RL) and reporting range (see Note 2) for the target analytes are listed in Table 1. The reporting limit is calculated from the concentration of the Level 1 calibration standard as shown in Table 5 for the PFAS after taking into account a 2 g sample weight and a final extract volume of 10 mL, 50 % water/50 % MeOH with 0.1 % acetic acid. The final extract volume is assumed to be 10 mL because 10 mL of 50 % water/50 % MeOH with 0.1 % acetic acid was added to each soil sample and only the liquid layer after extraction is filtered, leaving the solid and any residual solvent behind. Sporadic PFAS hits due to PFAS contamination in consumables/collection tools used during sample collection and preparation is possible while executing this standard and must be monitored. All samples should be taken at a minimum as duplicates in order to compare the precision between the two prepared samples to help ensure the concentration/positive result is reliable.NOTE 1: This standard only includes the determination of the analytes listed in Table 1 and is only applicable to soil and biosolid matrices; any added compost or soil additives may contain PFAS that may be bound and not able to be determined by this method. Analysis of packaging materials and polymeric PFAS moieties are not amenable to this standard.NOTE 2: Injection volume variations and sensitivity of the instrument used will change the reporting limit and ranges.1.2.1 Recognizing continual advancements in the sensitivity of instrumentation, advancements in column chromatography, and other processes not recognized here, the reporting limit may be lowered assuming the minimum performance requirements of this test method at the lower concentrations are met.1.2.2 Depending on data usage, you may modify this test method but limit to modifications that improve performance while still meeting or exceeding the method quality acceptance criteria. Modifications to the solvents, ratio of solvent to sample, or shortening the chromatographic run simply to save time are not allowed. Use Practice E2935 or similar statistical tests to confirm that modifications produce equivalent results on non-interfering samples. In addition, use Guide E2857 or equivalent statistics to revalidate the modified test.1.2.3 Analyte detections under the reporting limit are estimated concentrations. If results are to be reported below the RL using this standard and following the method detection limit procedure in 40 CFR Part 136 Appendix B, data shall be qualified estimated and extra caution must be taken to evaluate and identify false positives.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 These test methods provide a means of determining the compatibility of a resin (or vehicle), at low concentrations, in a high boiling ink solvent.5.2 Resin-solvent mixtures that exhibit a high precipitation temperature are less compatible than those exhibiting a low precipitation temperature.5.3 Resin-solvent mixtures that exhibit precipitation temperatures at or close to the cloud point of the pure solvent are considered infinitely compatible or the resin is infinitely soluble in that solvent.1.1 These test methods cover the manual and automatic procedures for testing the compatibility of lithographic ink resins in high boiling ink solvents by precipitation temperature (cloud point) in a range from 35 to 210°C.1.2 The manual procedure in this test method uses laboratory equipment generally available in a normal, well-equipped laboratory. The automated procedure uses a programmable cloud point tester.1.3 This test method is for use with ink resins intended mainly for oil-based offset and letterpress inks. The type of resins are typically, but not limited to C9 aromatic hydrocarbon resins, modified dicyclopentadiene resins, rosin pentaerythritol or glycerol esters, phenolic modified rosin esters, maleic anhydride modified-rosin esters, and naturally occurring resins such as gilsonite.1.4 A resin solution or ink vehicle could also be used in this test instead of the resin.1.5 The typical high boiling solvents to be used are C12 to C16 petroleum distillates.1.6 To avoid fire or injury, this test method should not be used with low flash point solvents such as toluene or xylene. The minimum flash point of the solvents used should be 60°C as determined by Test Method D56.NOTE 1: Users of this test method should be aware that the flash point of many solvents used for this test (as defined in Test Methods D56 and D1310) is exceeded in the heating cycle of this test method. Safety precautions should be taken since there is the potential for vapor ignition. The method outlined should be done in a shielded exhaust hood, where there is access to a fire extinguisher if needed.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers requirements for primers for use with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) pipe and fittings that are to be joined by PVC solvent cements. The primer shall be an organic liquid with water-like viscosity and shall not contain any undissolved particles. Materials shall be tested and shall conform to the specified values of dissolving ability and stability.1.1 This specification covers requirements for primers for use with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) pipe and fittings that are to be joined by PVC solvent cements meeting the requirements of Specification D2564.1.2 These primers are used in pressure and nonpressure applications with plain end pipe and either socket-type fittings or bell end pipe. These primers prepare the surface of pipe and fittings before the application of solvent cement. The primer's effect on the set and cure time of the joint is dependent on the cement, pipe size, application method, temperature, and humidity.1.3 A procedure for using the primer with cement is given in Practice D2855.1.4 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Gas chromatographic separation of solvents present in whole paints is the preferred first step for identifying and quantitating solvent compositions, using auxiliary procedures and techniques.1.1 This practice describes the techniques used to inject whole paint samples directly into a gas chromatograph to obtain a chromatogram from which the solvent composition may be established.2,31.2 This practice is not designed to be quantitative.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific hazard statement is given in 6.1.

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This practice covers the vacuum distillation process used to separate solvents from the nonvolatile portions of paints for analysis. The procedure entails adding tricresyl phosphate to a sample of the whole paint and heating the mixture using a silicon oil bath. The distillation is then allowed to proceed for a time before vacuum is applied and then dry air is made to pass through the system to facilitate the removal of any high-boiling solvents present. The apparatus needed for this practice include a custom made apparatus, a vacuum punp, a septum sample vial, and a safety shield. Methylene chloride or acetone, silicone oil, and tricresyl phosphate are used as reagents.1.1 This practice covers a vacuum distillation procedure that separates the solvents from the nonvolatile portion of paints so they may be analyzed.1.2 An alternative procedure for the analysis of solvents in paints is described in Practice D 3271.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This specification establishes the requirements for three grades of 1,1,2-trichloro 1,2,2-trifluoroethane solvent, as follows: Type I, electronic or ultra-clean grade; Type II, standard or vapour-degreasing grade; and Type IIA, general purpose grade packaged in a pressurized container. Each grade shall adhere to individually specified values of the following chemical and physical properties: boiling point at standard barometric pressure; chemical purity; moisture content; chloride ions content; specific aqueous conductance; acid number; and residue content.1.1 This specification establishes the requirements for three grades of trichlorotrifluoroethane solvent:1.1.1 Type I electronic or ultra-clean grade,1.1.2 Type II standard or vapor-degreasing grade, and1.1.3 Type IIA general purpose, packaged in a pressurized container grade.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice determines the procedure to be used to ensure the long-term storage stability of aircraft cleaning and maintenance products in order to ensure their ability to meet the shelf-life requirements called up in specifications or contract documents. The subsequent testing requirements are detailed in the specification or contract.1.1 This practice covers the determination of the stability in storage of liquid enzyme-based, terpene-based, and solvent-based chemical cleaning compounds used to clean the exterior surfaces of aircraft.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers requirements for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) solvent cements to be used in joining poly(vinyl chloride) piping systems.1.2 These solvent cements are used with poly(vinyl chloride) piping systems made from compounds as defined in Specification D1784.1.3 A two-step procedure for joining PVC pipe and fittings is given in Practice D2855. A one-step procedure for joining PVC pipe and fittings is given in Practice F3328.1.4 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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