定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect hypoid final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in specifications and classifications of rear-axle gear lubricants such as:5.2.1 Specification D7450.5.2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.5.2.3 SAE J308.5.2.4 SAE J2360.1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1 test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity, wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.31.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 7.2 and 10.1.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification establishes the airworthiness design requirements for low-speed aeroplane flight characteristics. The applicant for a design approval shall seek the individual guidance to their respective civil aviation authority (CAA) body concerning the use of this specification as part of a certification plan.This specification is applicable to small aeroplanes and covers departure characteristics, spinning, and stall warning.1.1 This specification covers the low-speed flight characteristics of fixed-wing aircraft and provides standards for departure characteristics, spinning, and stall warning. The material was developed through open consensus of international experts in general aviation. This information was created by focusing on Normal Category aeroplanes. The content may be more broadly applicable; it is the responsibility of the Applicant to substantiate broader applicability as a specific means of compliance. The topics covered within this specification are: (4.1) Low-Speed Flight Characteristics Score, (4.2) Stall Characteristics, (4.3) Stall Warning, (4.4) Departure Characteristics: Single Engine, (4.5) Departure Characteristics: Multiengine, (4.6) Spinning, and (4.7) Safety-Enhancing Features.1.2 An applicant intending to propose this information as Means of Compliance for a design approval must seek guidance from their respective oversight authority (for example, published guidance from applicable CAAs) concerning the acceptable use and application thereof. For information on which oversight authorities have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), refer to the ASTM Committee F44 webpage (www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm).1.3 Units—This standard may present information in either SI units, English Engineering units, or both; the values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

定价： 983元 / 折扣价： 836 元 加购物车

This specification deals with continuous grain flow carbon and alloy steel crankshaft forgings intended for medium speed diesel and natural gas engines. The steel used in the manufacture of the forgings is required to be vacuum degassed. Heat treatment, which may be done either before or after rough machining, shall consist of normalizing followed by tempering at a subcritical temperature, or austenitizing, liquid quenching and subcritical tempering. Charpy impact and tensile tests, which shall be performed at a frequency of one test per heat treatment load, shall be used to evaluate tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction of area, and Brinell hardness requirements of forgings. Chemical composition requirements shall also be examined by heat analysis. Grain size tests and non-destructive magnetic particle examinations shall be conducted as well. When required by the purchaser, crankshafts may be surface hardened in designated areas for the purposes of enhanced wear resistance and fatigue strength.1.1 This specification covers continuous grain flow forged carbon and alloy steel crankshafts for medium speed diesel and natural gas engines.1.2 The steel used in the manufacture of the forgings is required to be vacuum degassed.1.3 The choice of steel composition grade for a given strength class is normally made by the forging supplier, unless otherwise specified by the purchaser.1.4 Provision is made for treatment of designated surfaces of the crankshaft to provide enhanced fatigue strength, or wear resistance, or both.1.5 Except as specifically required in this specification, all provisions of Specification A788/A788M apply.1.6 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.1.7 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI (metric) units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text and tables the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 983元 / 折扣价： 836 元 加购物车

定价： 918元 / 折扣价： 781 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 The SDN determined by this method represents an average over the interval from the beginning of brake application to the rest position. It may be a reasonable estimate of the SDN during one or more portions of the specified traffic incident if the test conditions and the incident conditions are sufficiently similar. Since this standard determines an average SDN from the initial speed to rest, care should be exercised in any application of the test results to a portion of the incident that does not end with the specified traffic incident vehicle at rest.4.2 The uncertainty of the SDN determined by this method can be evaluated by procedures shown in this method. The relationship between the SDN of this test method and the SDN of a specified traffic incident is beyond the scope of this method. The similarity between test and specified traffic incident SDNs depends on the similarity of vehicles, vehicle ballast conditions, vehicle weight transfer during braking, vehicle tires, pavement surface, pavement surface contamination, and vehicle speed during a particular phase of the incident sequence.4.3 The SDN determined by this method does not necessarily agree or correlate directly with other methods of skid resistance measurements, such as Test Method E274/E274M. This test method is suitable for those situations where adequate similarity can be shown.4.4 When it is known that a particular wheel brake was not functional during the incident, the method provides for only the desired wheels to be braked on the test vehicle to duplicate the specified traffic incident vehicle.1.1 This test method covers determination of an average stopping distance number (SDN) under the conditions that this method was executed. The experimental conditions are generally intended to be similar to those of a specified traffic incident. The data from this method is not comparable to measured distances of a specified traffic incident vehicle that cannot be shown to have continuous, full application of its braking system.1.2 This test method determines the SDN from the measured stopping distance and initial speed when the wheels on specified axles are braked in the same manner as the specified traffic incident vehicle. The evaluation vehicle’s braking system is required to duplicate the specified incident vehicle for both type (conventional, partial ABS, or full ABS) and functionality (all brakes functional or not).1.3 The method documents the test conditions as a basis for evaluating their similarity to conditions of a specified traffic incident.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the test, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers seven tungsten-type (types T1, T2, T4, T5, T6, T8, and T15) and nineteen molybdenum-type high-speed steels (types M1, M2, M3, M4, M6, M7, M10, M30, M33, M34, M36, M41, M42, M43, M44, M46, M47, M48, and M62) in the form of annealed, hot-rolled bars, forgings, plate, sheet, or strip, and annealed, cold-finished bars or forgings used primarily in the fabrication of tools. Two intermediate high speed tool steels designated as M50 and M52 are also covered. Unless otherwise specified, material shall be made by an electric melting process. A chemical analysis of each heat of steel shall be made to determine the percentage of the elements specified (including carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, and cobalt) and these values shall conform to the requirements as to the prescribed chemical composition. Requirements for: (1) heat treatment such as austenitizing, quenching, and tempering, (2) hardness testing (3) macrostructure and macroetch standard for porosity and ingot pattern, and (4) decarburization determination are detailed. The maximum Brinell hardness and minimum Rockwell C hardness for the tool steels are given.1.1 This specification covers tungsten-type and molybdenum-type high-speed steels available as annealed, hot-rolled bars, forgings, plate, sheet, or strip, and annealed, cold-finished bars or forgings used primarily in the fabrication of tools.1.2 Seven types of tungsten high-speed tool steels designated T1, T2, etc., seventeen types of molybdenum high-speed tool steels designated M1, M2, etc., and two intermediate high speed steels designated as M50 and M52 are covered. Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, and mechanical properties.1.3 The term “high-speed steel” is described and its minimum requirements are covered in the Annex.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

定价： 777元 / 折扣价： 661 元 加购物车

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元 加购物车