5.1 Regulations prescribing the test procedures for hazardous materials packaging allow for the substitution of non-hazardous fill materials for packaging performance tests with certain limitations as outlined in 49 CFR 178.602(c). This regulatory guidance has proven to be flexible enough, in common industry practice, to produce variations in the selection of fill materials for package performance tests that may cause inconsistent and non-repeatable test results. This variation has the potential to create significant problems in product liability, packaging selection, and regulatory enforcement in this highly regulated industry. Use of this guide should enhance uniformity in test procedures.5.2 Consistent and repeatable test results coupled with clear test fill product descriptions will enhance transportation safety by simplifying packaging selection. This will also increase the general level of confidence that package testing, manufacture and use are being guided by sound, generally accepted engineering principles. It also aids in clarifying expectations between the packaging industry and the regulatory authorities.5.3 The guide will be used by packaging manufacturers, and packaging test labs to create packaging test plans that meet customer needs and conform to the HMR under the widest possible situational circumstances. In addition, for the user of a packaging, certain information about the type and physical characteristics of the material used to test the packaging must be available in the test report and/or notification instruction to allow them to evaluate whether a particular packaging was tested with a substitute material appropriate for the hazardous material to be shipped.5.4 For more information on the UN certification tests, refer to Guide D4919. For guidance on determining the appropriate fill materials for preparing samples for UN certification testing with solids reference Guide D8135. For conditioning of plastic packaging designs reference Guide D7790.1.1 This guide is intended to clarify the selection, use, and description criteria of non-hazardous liquid substitutes used to replace liquid hazardous materials on packagings designs being subjected to United Nations (UN) performance-oriented packaging certification as required by United States Department of Transportation Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR) and the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN). This includes identification of the physical parameters of substitute non-hazardous liquid test fill materials that may affect packaging performance and test results and should be considered when selecting and describing a test fill material that conforms to the requirements of the Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR).1.2 This guide provides information to assist packaging users, manufacturers, and performance testing service suppliers regarding the types of physical properties that should be considered when selecting substitute liquid filling substances for the testing, certification, and manufacture of packagings under the United Nations packaging protocols as adopted by US DOT in 49 CFR HMR..1.3 This guide provides the suggested minimum information concerning the physical characteristics of the filling substances that should be documented in the certification test report and notification to users to allow for test repeatability and analysis. Attention should be paid to the differences in physical characteristics of the substance used in the test compared to the materials transported.1.4 This guide does not purport to address regulatory requirements regarding the compatibility of filling substances with transport packagings. Compatibility requirements must be assessed separately, but it should be noted that under certain national and international dangerous goods regulations, the selection of the filling substances for package performance testing may be prescribed with respect to chemical compatibility requirements.NOTE 1: Under the US HMR determination of packaging compatibility with a particular hazardous fill material is “the responsibility of the person offering the hazardous material for transportation” as prescribed in 49 CFR § 173.24(e).1.5 The units of measurement are consistent with the HMR.1.6 When testing packaging designs intended for hazardous materials (dangerous goods), the user of this guide shall be trained in accordance with 49 CFR §172.700 and other applicable hazardous materials regulations such as the ICAO Technical Instructions, IMDG Code, other applicable national or international dangerous goods regulations that govern the testing, manufacture and use of packagings authorized for the transportation of Dangerous Goods, and carrier rules such as the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 PFAS are widely used in various industrial and commercial products; they are persistent, bio-accumulative, and ubiquitous in the environment. PFAS have been reported to exhibit developmental toxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and hormone disturbance. PFAS have been detected in soils, sludges, surface, and drinking waters. This is a quick, easy, and robust method to quantitatively determine these compounds at trace levels in soil/biosolid matrices.5.2 This test method has been validated using four ASTM reference soils (CH-1, ML-1, CL-1, and SP-1). ASTM reference soil CH-1 is Fat Clay (CH)—Vicksburg Buckshot Clay; ASTM reference soil ML-1 is silt (ML)—Vicksburg silt; ASTM reference soil CL-1 is lean clay (CL)—Annapolis clay; and ASTM reference soil SP-1 is sand (SP)—Frederick sand and four biosolids (Missouri, California, Idaho, and Georgia). Refer to the Precision and Bias (Section 17).1.1 This test method covers the determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil/biosolid matrices by solvent extraction, filtering, separation using liquid chromatography (LC), and detection with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). These analytes are extracted from soil/biosolids with basic water and methanol then qualitatively and quantitatively determined by this test method. Quantitation is by selected reaction monitoring (SRM), sometimes referred to as multiple reaction monitoring (MRM).1.2 The reporting limit (RL) and reporting range (see Note 2) for the target analytes are listed in Table 1. The reporting limit is calculated from the concentration of the Level 1 calibration standard as shown in Table 5 for the PFAS after taking into account a 2 g sample weight and a final extract volume of 10 mL, 50 % water/50 % MeOH with 0.1 % acetic acid. The final extract volume is assumed to be 10 mL because 10 mL of 50 % water/50 % MeOH with 0.1 % acetic acid was added to each soil sample and only the liquid layer after extraction is filtered, leaving the solid and any residual solvent behind. Sporadic PFAS hits due to PFAS contamination in consumables/collection tools used during sample collection and preparation is possible while executing this standard and must be monitored. All samples should be taken at a minimum as duplicates in order to compare the precision between the two prepared samples to help ensure the concentration/positive result is reliable.NOTE 1: This standard only includes the determination of the analytes listed in Table 1 and is only applicable to soil and biosolid matrices; any added compost or soil additives may contain PFAS that may be bound and not able to be determined by this method. Analysis of packaging materials and polymeric PFAS moieties are not amenable to this standard.NOTE 2: Injection volume variations and sensitivity of the instrument used will change the reporting limit and ranges.1.2.1 Recognizing continual advancements in the sensitivity of instrumentation, advancements in column chromatography, and other processes not recognized here, the reporting limit may be lowered assuming the minimum performance requirements of this test method at the lower concentrations are met.1.2.2 Depending on data usage, you may modify this test method but limit to modifications that improve performance while still meeting or exceeding the method quality acceptance criteria. Modifications to the solvents, ratio of solvent to sample, or shortening the chromatographic run simply to save time are not allowed. Use Practice E2935 or similar statistical tests to confirm that modifications produce equivalent results on non-interfering samples. In addition, use Guide E2857 or equivalent statistics to revalidate the modified test.1.2.3 Analyte detections under the reporting limit are estimated concentrations. If results are to be reported below the RL using this standard and following the method detection limit procedure in 40 CFR Part 136 Appendix B, data shall be qualified estimated and extra caution must be taken to evaluate and identify false positives.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice is applicable to all interior and exterior installed building products in the use phase of the product, specifically in the form present in the occupied building. This practice does not cover products during installation processes since those exposures are covered by occupational regulations.4.2 This practice specifies the required information to include in the OESR screening report for product decision makers to assess the potential for occupant health exposure from installed building products in an occupied building operated under normal and anticipated conditions of use.4.3 Fundamental to the selection and use of building products is the consideration of the likelihood of occupant exposure and possible risk to substances in those installed building products.4.4 This practice does not purport to offer full risk information, nor does it purport to be equivalent to an exposure or risk assessment. Rather, it provides screening to inform the product decision maker about conditions that could generate additional discussions with manufacturers or others.4.5 The informational requirements for an OESR are identified in Section 5.4.6 For substances with hazard classifications in 5.3, the OESR informs product decision makers about substances in an installed building product that might trigger a hazard warning to a user or building occupant. This information is designed to help the product decision maker determine whether added information is needed to evaluate exposure and risk more fully in the context of the installed building product’s specific use or application.4.7 The OESR screening report is required to be updated based on the requirements in 9.3.4.8 The OESR is completed by last manufacturer of the building product; this is the manufacturer offering the external or internal building product to the market. This manufacturer may need to obtain information from other manufacturers in its supply chain.NOTE 1: The manufacturer offering the building product to the market is aware of the form, function, and likely uses of the building product under normal conditions of use. If the product contains hazardous substance(s), it is likely that the manufacturer has information about the hazards from the product under foreseeable emergencies in compliance with OSHA requirements.1.1 This practice provides the information required for publishing a screening report for occupant exposure from substances in installed building products (OESR) to communicate possible human health impacts in an occupied building to product specifiers, building owners, and others.1.2 This practice is applicable to all interior and exterior building products in the form used and incorporated into an occupied building.1.3 An article going into the construction market that has potential hazards based upon an evaluation of the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) (1)2 mixtures guidance is included in the scope of this practice.1.4 This practice does not cover product fabrication or installation processes because these are subject to worker safety and health regulations and law.1.5 The final building product manufacturer offering the building product to the market or agent is responsible for providing this information and completing this report.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This test method is intended for testing tiles that are to be used for food counters, lavatories, and similar residential, medical, and commercial installations, where they may come in contact with food, chemical, and waste substances and for tile in areas where they may be exposed to contact with strong cleaning agents.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining whether, and to what degree, ceramic tiles and glass tiles are affected by prolonged exposure to chemical substances that are commonly used in the household or for cleaning purposes as well as other more severe conditions.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 The units used for concentration in this standard are v/v, which refers to the volume of reagent/1 L of solution, and g/L, which refers to the weight of reagent, in g, to be dissolved in 1 L of water.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The REACH Candidate list classifies substances as SVHCs thus making them subject to possible authorization. Compliance to the REACH regulation requires that any identified SVHC be present at a concentration of less than 0.1 % (w/w) of the total article weight to avoid triggering a reporting obligation. This guide is intended to assist in the identification of available test methods for quantitative analysis of the substance(s) of interest.5.2 When possible, industry accepted standard test methods are cited. However, industry vetted test methods are not available for all of the substances contained in the REACH Candidate List. Thus, some caution and due diligence must be exercised when applying some of the methods listed in this guide.5.3 In some cases, test methods for the identification and quantification of a specific substance are not available. An example would include CoCl2. Methods currently in practice involve the individual determination of Co and Cl concentrations and use other sources of information or chemical judgment to assign the expected CoCl2 concentration. This approach obviously has its limitations and pitfalls and must be used judiciously.5.4 Under the REACH regulation, EU manufacturers, importers or distributors of articles containing more than 0.1 % (w/w) of a substance that the Agency has listed as being an SVHC shall provide their customers with the name of the substance and information allowing the safe use of the article. Producers and distributors of articles containing SVHC shall also supply the same information to consumers, upon request. In situations where this information is not readily available from the supply chain it is incumbent upon the supplier to collect this information through actual chemical analysis or other means. This guide is intended to assist in the selection of appropriate test methods in the event that chemical analysis is required.1.1 This guide contains a list of potential test methods for the analysis of Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) as designated by ECHA, the European Chemicals Agency. Information on the test methods cited is publicly available and is drawn from a variety of sources. The guide is intended to assist in the selection of test methods that are applicable for the SVHCs identified.1.2 The specific SVHCs covered within this guide are compiled from the ECHA Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern. This list is also referred to as the REACH Candidate List.1.3 This guide specifically addresses methods for the analysis of SVHCs in products. It is not intended to cover the many and varied analysis challenges associated in the manufacturing environment.1.4 Limitations: 1.4.1 This guide is intended to provide a compilation of available test methods for the SVHCs listed on the ECHA Candidate list and is not intended to be exhaustive. The test methods within this guide are not the only ones available for any specific substances and this guide does not recommend any specific test method.1.4.2 Test methods for specific substances at the detection limits required for REACH reporting are not always available. In some cases, it is necessary to deduce the quantity of substance present through the analysis and quantification of its elements. Although this approach is routinely used some degree of uncertainty exists in the final result due to the reduced specificity of the test method.1.4.3 Although this guide is intended to be updated on a periodic basis to capture new developments in the field, there is no assurance that the information provided is the most current.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This specification establishes minimum design, performance, and labeling criteria for both primary and secondary protective clothing for use in operations involving molten substances and related thermal hazards.NOTE 1: Standardized molten splash testing of both primary and secondary protective materials and garments as listed in this specification utilize pure molten materials, typically iron or aluminum. In practice, users of protective clothing for metal splash protection may routinely work with alloys. Protective clothing covered by this specification may or may not perform similarly with alloys of various metals. The entity specifying the protective clothing shall determine if the protective clothing is appropriate for their specific alloy.4.1.1 Requirements are specifically established for materials used in the construction of primary and secondary protective clothing on the basis of performance attributes that are considered important for worker protection. In some cases, different minimum levels for the same performance properties are set between primary and secondary protective clothing due to the differences in the expected performance for these two types of protective clothing.4.1.2 Additional requirements are established for primary and secondary protective clothing items in terms of the minimum design characteristics and performance features for other materials and components used in the construction of the clothing.4.2 This specification can be applied to either protective clothing materials or protective clothing, or both.4.2.1 The application for protective clothing materials involves meeting the respective requirements for either primary or secondary protective clothing materials found in Section 5.4.2.2 The application for protective clothing involves meeting the respective requirements for either primary or secondary protective clothing found in Section 6, which includes construction of the clothing with protective clothing materials that meet the requirements in Section 5.1.1 This performance specification establishes the minimum design and performance requirements for protective clothing and protective clothing materials for both primary and secondary protection from exposure to molten substances and related thermal hazards.1.2 This performance specification is not intended to address protection from hot liquids or from specialized forms of heat and flame protection such as any fire fighting application.1.3 This performance specification describes the properties of specific textile materials in their material or garment composite form as tested by laboratory methods and is not intended to be used to appraise the thermal hazard or risk under actual conditions. However, it is acceptable to use information on the thermal performance of clothing made from textile materials conforming to this specification as an element in thermal risk assessment which takes into account all factors pertinent to the thermal hazard of a particular end use.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This performance specification does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with the use of compliant protective clothing or protective clothing materials. It is the responsibility of the persons or organizations that use this performance specification to conduct a hazard and risk assessment to determine the applicability of this performance specification to the intended application of the protective clothing or protective clothing materials, and to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 PFAS are widely used in various industrial and commercial products; they are persistent, bio-accumulative, and ubiquitous in the environment. PFAS have been reported to exhibit developmental toxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and hormone disturbance. PFAS have been detected in soils, sludges, surface, and drinking waters. This is a quick, easy, and robust method to quantitatively determine these compounds at trace levels in water matrices.5.2 This test method has been validated using reagent water and waters from sites that include landfill leachate, metal finisher, POTW Effluent, Hospital, POTW Influent, Bus washing station, Power Plant and Pulp and paper mill effluent for selected PFAS, refer to the Precision and Bias (Section 17).1.1 This test method covers the determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in aqueous matrices using liquid chromatography (LC) and detection with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). These analytes are co-solvated by a 1+1 ratio of sample and methanol then qualitatively and quantitatively determined by this test method. Quantitation is by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) or sometimes referred to as multiple reaction monitoring (MRM).1.2 The method detection limit (MDL) (see Note 1) and reporting range (see Note 2) for the target analytes are listed in Table 1. The target concentration for the reporting limit for this test method is an integer value that is calculated from the concentration from the lowest standard from the final volume of the prepared sample. This value may be lower than the calculated MDL due to sporadic PFAS hits due to PFAS contamination in consumables/collection tools used during sample collection and preparation. All samples should be taken at a minimal as duplicates in order to compare the precision between the two prepared samples to help ensure the concentration/positive result is reliable.NOTE 1: The MDL is determined following the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 40 CFR Part 136, Appendix B utilizing dilution and filtration. A detailed process determining the MDL is explained in the reference and is beyond the scope of this test method.NOTE 2: Injection volume variations, and sensitivity of the instrument used will change the reporting limit and ranges.1.2.1 Recognizing continual advancements in the sensitivity of instrumentation, advancements in column chromatography and other processes not recognized here, the reporting limit may be lowered assuming the minimum performance requirements of this test method at the lower concentrations are met.1.2.2 Depending on data usage, you may modify this test method but limit to modifications that improve performance while still meeting or exceeding the method quality acceptance criteria. Modifications to the solvents, ratio of solvent to sample, or shortening the chromatographic run simply to save time are not allowed. Use Practice E2935 or similar statistical tests to confirm that modifications produce equivalent results on non-interfering samples. In addition, use Guide E2857 or equivalent statistics to re-validate the modified test.1.2.3 Analyte detections between the method detection limit and the reporting limit are estimated concentrations. The reporting limit is based upon the concentration of the Level 1 calibration standard as shown in Table 5.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 Definitions, acronyms, and units given in Section 4 of this terminology are intended for use in all standards for declarable substances in materials. The definitions shall be used uniformly and consistently. The purpose of this terminology is to promote clear understanding and interpretation of the standards in which those definitions, acronyms, and units are used.3.2 A terminology section is required in all F40 standards. This section shall contain terms specific to the standard or a reference to this terminology, or both.3.3 All terms used within a standard that are unique to it shall be defined within the standard. Terms that are of more general application shall be defined in this terminology. If the technical subcommittee responsible for the standard feels that it is appropriate, the term and its definition may appear in both the standard and in this terminology.3.4 The Subcommittee shall consult the ASTM Dictionary of Engineering Science & Technology or a standard dictionary, or both, prior to creating a new definition to determine if a suitable definition already exists. Other terminology documents, such as ISO 472 Plastics—Vocabulary, may also be consulted.1.1 This terminology standard contains terms, definitions, descriptions of terms, nomenclature, and explanations of acronyms and symbols specifically associated with standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM International Committee F40 on Declarable Substances in Materials.1.2 This terminology may also be applicable to documents not under the jurisdiction of ASTM F40, in which case this terminology may be referenced in those documents.

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4.1 Regulations, standards, and market-defined requirements for chemical constituent (“substances of interest”) compliance and conformance have become increasing numerous and complex. Specific laws and standards may pertain to certain product and industry segments, for example, electrical/electronic instruments and components, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, consumer products, agrichemicals, and so forth. Others may be broader and relate specifically to assessment and management of specific chemical compounds or classes across multiple product sectors and sources, for example Ref (2). In addition, such requirements may be issued by national authorities, international standards setting groups, or, in the case of market-defined requirements, even by customer advocacy organizations or customers through supply contracts. The resulting global landscape of requirements and market access expectations is complex, and compliance/conformance presents numerous challenges for manufacturers.NOTE 1: For example, IEC 62474:2012 provides some standardized definitions for reporting thresholds and declaration statements for electrotechnical industry. In another example, ISO 14021:2016 addresses self-declared environmental claims.4.2 Declarable substances may be found on various lists and forms, including those listed in Refs (2-10) and on supply agreements and questionnaires. This guide is not intended to be exhaustive nor cover all declarable substances. Nor does this guide address specific declaration and labeling requirements within these regulation and standards nor address product safety and compliance requirements as dictated by law for specific products, industries, or market regions.4.3 In addition to new laws and standards, more chemical substances are continually added to a variety of screening lists for review of potential hazards, identification and quantification of possible health or environmental hazards, or both, and consideration of control measures. To comply with these requirements, significant efforts are being directed to detailed data gathering throughout manufacturer supply chains, documentation of presence or absence of such declarable substances, and continual “update” maintenance of the resultant information. Standardized processes have been proposed to assess the potential for a material to contain a possible substance of interest/concern.4.4 Because of requirements being placed on concentrations of declarable substances within (or on) materials, assessing conformance of products has become a complex, time-consuming, and expensive task. This guide is intended to assist the user in developing a protocol for product assessment. This guide is also directed toward interpretation and communication of the resultant information, specifically where clear objective/numeric data are not available or obtainable, and in the absence of directly applicable regulatory direction. This guide is intended to harmonize language used to interpret and communicate results of these formulation-based or direct-analysis based assessments. Examples include “not expected to contain,” “not intentionally added,” “not used in formulation,” “below de minimis levels,” “below analytical detection limits,” “not toxicologically significant,” “not material to safety,” “free of,” and so forth.4.5 A priori knowledge is based on logical deduction and scientific principles, so actual testing of a material may not be required to assess conformance to requirements. For example, it is possible to deduce that organic substances will not survive the temperatures required to produce wrought steel, so there is no need to test for organic substances in wrought steel nor is it possible to develop test methods and reference materials for determination of organic substances within wrought steel.4.6 A posteriori knowledge is based on observation, experience and known facts. If a priori knowledge cannot rule out the possibility that a substance is present within (or on) a material, a test method may be required to verify or generate information on the concentration of that substance within (or on) the material.4.7 Statements provided by a manufacturer about declarable substances in a product may contain either or both a priori and a posteriori information. The recipient of such statements may be downstream manufacturers who incorporate multiple materials and components into other products with their own subsequent documentation on declarable substances. Each producer is responsible for its own products’ substance declarations, including any potential inaccuracies that may be provided by suppliers. Thus, each manufacturer should take into account its suppliers’ risk profiles when choosing to rely on supplier declarations.4.8 Test methods can be used to verify and provide information related to substances within materials. At the same time, misinformation can be generated or inappropriate conclusions drawn when test methods are misapplied. This guide is intended to provide recommendations on the application of test methods.4.9 Test methods may be applied by producers or by interim or end users of materials. However, it is not necessary or cost effective to test materials at each stage of production. The decision to apply test methods and the frequency of testing should be based on risk perceived by the user or can be a matter of agreement.4.10 Assessment of different types and classes of materials each have their individual complexities and nuances given the advancements in both materials and analytical evaluation methods.4.11 For some regulations and directives, a clear de minimis threshold has been defined for a substance or group of substances. In the absence of a prescribed de minimis, 0.1 % (w/w) is a suitable threshold.4.11.1 The de minimis level may be described as an individual limit, or as an aggregated limit, whose details will be dependent on a specific regulation. In no instance shall an aggregated de minimis exceed the sum of the prescribed de minimis for the collective group of substances.4.12 This guide includes a general process and case studies in order to provide guidance and to distinguish when a priori and a posteriori knowledge should be applied. Flow charts as a guide for assessment of materials and products are provided in Appendix X1.1.1 This guide uses case studies to illustrate the decision process to assess materials and products for declarable substances when evaluating conformance to relevant requirements. This may be accomplished by applying existing knowledge to determine the need for further action (for example, testing).1.2 This guide assists in utilization and interpretation of various forms of information gathered to enable compliance or conformance or both to regulations, standards, supply agreements, or customer enquiries related to identified declarable substances, including the evidence required to issue declarations for the absence or presence of a declarable substance. Several examples are referenced. The target declarable substances will be specific to the product and product classification, the regulatory jurisdiction, customer/supplier requirements, and other relevant considerations. Consideration of which regulations and standards apply to a given product is beyond the scope of this guide.1.3 The framework covered in this guide attempts to harmonize language used in the absence of objective data or specific regulatory requirements or both. This guide draws on a variety of existing documentation, which will be cited and referenced, as well as basic scientific principles for communication of chemical hazard and risk, and may be used as an approach for assessing composition of products and their components as part of product risk assessment.1.4 This guide is applicable to a variety of materials, including polymeric and elastomeric materials, which are used in regulated industries and products.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Regulations prescribing the test procedures for hazardous materials packaging allow for the substitution of non-hazardous fill materials for packaging performance tests with certain limitations prescribed and guidance offered (see 49 CFR 178.602(c)). This regulatory guidance has proven to be flexible enough, in common industry practice, to produce variations in the selection of fill materials for package performance tests sufficient to cause inconsistent and non-repeatable test results. This variation creates significant problems in product liability, packaging selection and regulatory enforcement in this highly regulated industry. Use of this guide should enhance uniformity in test procedures.5.2 Consistent and repeatable test results coupled with clear test fill product descriptions will enhance transportation safety by simplifying packaging selection. This will also increase the general level of confidence that package testing, manufacture, and use are being guided by sound, generally accepted engineering principles. It also aids in clarifying expectations between the packaging industry and the regulatory authorities.5.3 The guide will be used by packaging manufacturers and packaging test labs to create packaging test plans that meet customer needs and conform to the HMR. In addition, for the user of a packaging, certain information about the type and physical characteristics of the material used to test the packaging must be available in the test report and/or notification instruction to allow evaluation of whether a particular packaging was tested with a substitute material appropriate for the hazardous material to be shipped.1.1 The purpose of this guide is to clarify the selection, use, and description criteria of non-hazardous particulate solid substitutes used to replace hazardous materials for the purpose of performance testing packagings. This includes identification of the physical parameters of substitute non-hazardous solid test fill materials that may affect packaging performance and test results and should be considered when selecting and describing a test fill material that conforms to the requirements of the Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR). This guide is intended for use with package testing procedures for particulate solid materials that have flow characteristics. It is not intended for use with hazardous articles.1.2 This guide provides information to assist packaging users, manufacturers, and performance testing service suppliers regarding the types of physical properties that should be considered when selecting substitute filling substances for the testing, certification and manufacture of packagings under the United Nations packaging protocols (UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods-Model Regulations) as adopted by US DOT in 49 CFR HMR.1.3 This guide provides the suggested minimum information concerning the physical characteristics of the filling substances that should be documented in the certification test report and notification to users to allow for test repeatability and analysis, and to provide guidance to the user of a packaging of pertinent physical differences between potential hazardous lading and the filling substance with which the packaging was tested.1.4 This guide does not purport to address regulatory requirements regarding the compatibility of filling substances with transport packagings. Compatibility requirements must be assessed separately, but it should be noted that under certain national and international dangerous goods regulations, the selection of the filling substances for package performance testing may be prescribed with respect to chemical compatibility requirements.NOTE 1: Under the US HMR determination of packaging compatibility with a particular hazardous fill material is “the responsibility of the person offering the hazardous material for transportation” as prescribed in 49 CFR § 173.24(e).1.5 When testing packaging designs intended for hazardous materials (dangerous goods), the user of this guide shall be trained in accordance with 49 CFR §172.700 and other applicable hazardous materials regulations such as the ICAO Technical Instructions, IMDG Code, other applicable national or international dangerous goods regulations that govern the testing, manufacture and use of packagings authorized for the transportation of dangerous goods, and carrier rules such as the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations.1.6 The units of measurement are consistent with the HMR.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Workers who have the potential to be exposed to molten metal contact shall be permitted to wear protective clothing using materials that have been evaluated for heat transfer using this test method.5.2 This test method rates materials that are intended for primary protective clothing against potential molten substance contact for their thermal insulating properties and their reaction to the test exposure.5.3 The protective performance, as determined by this test method, will relate to the actual end-use performance only to the degree that the end-use exposure is identical to the exposure used in the test method.5.4 Visual inspection of the specimen subjectively notes the material's resistance to molten substance contact.1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of materials' thermal resistance to heat transfer when exposed to a molten substance pour.1.1.1 This test method was validated using molten substances of aluminum, brass, and iron. The test shall be permitted to be adapted for use with other substances.1.2 This test method is applicable to materials from which finished primary protective apparel articles are made.1.3 This test method does not measure the flammability of materials, nor is it intended for use in evaluating materials exposed to any other thermal exposure.1.4 Use this test method to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to molten substance pour under controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used to describe or appraise the thermal hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual conditions. However, it is acceptable to use results of this test as elements of a thermal risk assessment which takes into account all the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the thermal hazard of a particular end use.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Environmentally sound management of underground storage tank systems involves a broad range of preventative maintenance activities directed toward preventing accidental releases of regulated substances, and effectively detecting and responding to such releases when, and if, they do occur. Numerous technical guidelines are presently available addressing specific procedures for release prevention and response for underground tank systems, including guidelines for tank system design, installation, operation and maintenance, leak detection, spill control, periodic equipment inspections, corrective action for affected environmental media, tank system closure, and operator training. This guide presents an overview, identifying key management considerations and referring the user to other related ASTM standards and industry guidelines for more detailed information.4.2 Tank System Design and Installation—The first step in environmentally sound management of tank systems is to design and install the tank system so as to minimize the potential for release of regulated substances to the environment. This guide addresses key considerations related to the types of tank systems to be used, compatibility of regulated substances to construction materials, types of spill containment and overfill prevention devices, corrosion protection, leak detection proper installation practices, and system operation.4.3 Preventative Maintenance—Even for properly designed and installed tank systems, practical measures are needed to detect and terminate leaks and respond to releases in a timely manner so as to minimize regulated substance losses and associated environmental effects. This guide reviews general considerations including release detection measures, possible indicators of a release, appropriate record-keeping procedures, tank system inspection, equipment testing, response planning and release control measures. Some preventative maintenance activities are recommended while others are mandated by state or federal regulations. This guide addresses federally mandated activities4.4 Inspections—Inspections are a critical component of a sound UST management plan. Both third-party professional and operator inspections can identify potential risks associated with component compromise and operational issues that may increase the risk of an uncontained release. Some inspections are required by regulatory requirements. The scope, frequency and necessary qualifications to perform required inspections vary by jurisdiction. This guide outlines the scope and schedule of federally required walkthrough inspections.4.5 Equipment Testing—Testing can confirm the functional status of various UST components. Some UST equipment and components must be tested in accordance with federal regulations. Spill prevention equipment and containment sumps used for interstitial monitoring of piping must be tested at least once every three years. Electronic and mechanical release detection components must be tested annually. Cathodic protection systems must be tested within six months of installation, then at least every three years and within six months of any repair activity. This guide outlines the scope and schedule of federally required equipment testing.4.6 Fueling Procedure—Careful loading, unloading, and dispensing of liquids to and from underground storage tanks is the most important day-to-day activity to ensure proper handling of liquids and prevention of releases. This guide is developed to addresses UST system management. Dispensers and dispensing activities may be sources of releases but are not considered a component of the UST system and are not include in the regulatory requirements addressed by this guide.4.7 Corrective Action for Affected Environmental Media—Following discovery and control of a release regulated substance from an underground tank system, corrective actions may be required for affected soil and groundwater as needed to protect human health, safety, and environmental resources. This guide reviews a risk-based process for investigation, evaluation, and remediation of affected environmental media consistent with the guidelines provided in Guide E2081.4.8 Tank System Closure—If it is determined that an underground tank system will no longer be used to store regulated substances, the system must be taken out of service, either temporarily or permanently, and, when appropriate, decommissioned and removed in a manner that minimizes the potential for future releases or safety hazards. This guide reviews the general procedures for properly removing tank systems from service, as well as the options for tank system closure by means of tank excavation and backfill placement or in-place closure methods.4.9 Tank Management Practice Education, and Operator Training—Personnel training is a key element of successful environmental management of UST systems. It is important that persons involved in the installation, operation, or maintenance of tank systems understand the release prevention, appropriate leak detection, and response procedures. This guide outlines the scope and schedule of several key training areas that may be appropriate depending on individual job assignments, including: tank system installation and maintenance; general measures for release prevention; leak detection equipment operation and maintenance; release control and emergency response measures; and regulated substance and waste handling measures. This guide outlines the scope of federally mandated operator training.4.10 Recognized Practice—Some federally mandated testing and inspection requirements can be satisfied by following a practice developed by a nationally recognized association or independent testing laboratory such as provided in 40 CFR §280.35(a)(1)(ii)(B) and 40 CFR §280.40(a)(3). Many such practices are referenced in this guide. Not all practices developed by nationally recognized associations or independent testing laboratories are accepted by the USEPA or the implementing agency. To determine if a practice satisfies the federal requirements, the owner or operator should consult with the implementing agency.1.1 The framework discussed in this guide is limited to facilities with underground storage tanks (USTs) storing regulated substances at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. This guide is not intended to provide detailed technical specifications for implementation of the approaches described in this document, nor to be used as an enforcement tool, but rather to identify the important information used for environmental management of underground tank systems. The term “must” is used where United States federal requirements apply. References to ASTM standards and other industry guidelines have been provided to address implementation of the approaches discussed in this guide. Many states and some local agencies have adopted rules that place additional responsibilities on the owners/operators of UST systems. Refer to state and local regulations that may contain additional requirements. It is not possible to identify all considerations or combinations of conditions pertinent to a unique underground storage tank system.1.2 This guide addresses principal considerations related to the prevention of, and response to environmental releases from tank systems and is organized in the sections listed below:    Section 1:  Section 2: Lists relevant ASTM Standards and other industry or regulatory guidance documents Section 3: Defines the key terminology used in this guide Section 4: Describes the significance and use of this guide Section 5: Tank System Design and Installation Section 6: Preventive Maintenance and Inspection Plan Section 7: Fueling Procedure Section 8: Dispensing Activities Section 9: Release Response Plan Section 10: Corrective Action for Affected Environmental Media Section 11: Tank System Closure Section 12: UST Management Practice and Operator Training Appendix X1: Recurring Release Detection and Cathodic Protection Requirements (Quick Glance) is intended to be a quick reference guide for monitoring information Related Material: Documents related to environmental management of underground storage tanks1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 on Hazards.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 These procedures can be used to evaluate chemicals or materials expected to come in contact with plastic piping relative to causing environmental stress-cracking in thermoplastic materials. This testing results in determining time-to-failure versus engineering stress. This procedure can also be used in stress-rupture regression analysis, where a variety of stress levels are needed. The methodology can be readily adapted to conducting immersion tests in liquids or testing temperatures other than 73 °F (23 °C).1.1 This test method is used for determining chemical compatibility of substances in contact with thermoplastic pipe and fittings materials.1.2 This test method is not intended to evaluate the suitability of solvent cements or adhesives used to join plastic piping.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 PFASs are widely used in various industrial and commercial products; they are persistent, bio-accumulative, and ubiquitous in the environment. PFASs have been reported to exhibit developmental toxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and hormone disturbance. A draft Toxicological Profile for Perfluoroalkyls from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services is available.6 PFASs have been detected in soils, sludges, surface, and drinking waters. Hence, there is a need for quick, easy, and robust method to determine these compounds at trace levels in water matrices for understanding of the sources and pathways of exposure.5.2 This test method has been investigated for use with reagent, surface, sludge and wastewaters for selected PFASs. This test method has not been evaluated on drinking water matrices.1.1 This procedure covers the determination of selected per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in a water matrix using liquid chromatography (LC) and detection with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). These analytes are qualitatively and quantitatively determined by this test method. This test method adheres to a technique known as selected reaction monitoring (SRM) or sometimes referred to as multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). This is not a drinking water method; performance of this test method has not been evaluated on drinking water matrices.1.2 The method detection limit (MDL)2 and reporting range3 for the target analytes are listed in Table 1. The target concentration for the reporting limit for this test method was 10 ng/L for most of the target analytes at the time of development.1.2.1 The reporting limit in this test method is the minimum value below which data are documented as non-detects. The reporting limit may be lowered providing your lab meets the minimum performance requirements of this test method at the lower concentrations, this test method is performance based and modifications are allowed to improve performance. Analyte detections between the method detection limit and the reporting limit are estimated concentrations and are not reported following this test method. In most cases, the reporting limit is the concentration of the Level 1 calibration standard as shown in Table 4 for the PFASs after taking into account the 50 % dilution with methanol. It is above the Level 1 calibration concentration for FHEA and FOEA, these compounds can be identified at the Level 1 concentration but the standard deviation among replicates at this lower spike level resulted in a higher reporting limit.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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A knowledge of the quantity of oil and grease present in a waste is helpful in overcoming difficulties in wastewater treatment plant operation, in determining plant efficiencies, and in controlling the subsequent discharge of these materials to receiving streams.When oils and greases are discharged in wastewater or treated effluents, they often cause surface films and shoreline deposits.1.1 These test methods cover the estimation of oil and grease in water and wastewater by a gravimetric determination of fluorocarbon extractable substances from an acidified sample. Also included in this estimation of oil and grease are any other compounds soluble in chlorofluorocarbon-113 and non-volatile under the conditions of test.1.2 The following two test methods are included: SectionsTest Method A-Liquid-Liquid Extraction Test Method B-Soxhlet Extraction 1.3 These test methods are applicable to natural waters and domestic wastewaters. They are also suitable for most industrial wastewaters, although certain wastes may yield low results because of the presence of either excessive concentrations of natural greases or synthetic or modified compounds that are not well recovered by these test methods.1.4 These test methods measure those groups of substance called oil and grease, whether soluble or insoluble, polar or non-polar, or biological or mineral in origin, to the extent these substances partition from the matrix into chlorofluorocarbon-113 and are not volatilized under conditions of the test. (See the Introduction and Section of these test methods.)1.5 Because these test methods include an acidification step prior to extraction, soluble metallic soaps are hydrolyzed and recovered as fatty acids in the extraction step.1.6 These test methods were fully validated by collaborative testing in reagent Type IV water. The information on precision may not apply to other waters. Note 1Refer to companion procedures (Test Method D 3921).1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 12.1, 13.2, 20.1, and 20.5.

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