1.1 This test method for fire tests covers marine joiner door assemblies of various materials and types of construction for use in bulkhead openings to retard the passage of fire. 1.2 Tests made in conformity with this test method will register performance during the test exposure; but such tests shall not be construed as determining suitability for use after exposure to fire. 1.3 Tests made in conformity with this test method will develop a set of data to assist regulatory agencies to determine the suitability of joiner door assemblies for use in locations where fire resistance is required. 1.4 This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this practice may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment that takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 A ruggedness test is a special application of a statistically designed experiment that makes changes in the test method variables, called factors, and then calculates the subsequent effect of those changes upon the test results. Factors are features of the test method or of the laboratory environment that are known to vary across laboratories and are subject to control by the test method.4.1.1 Statistical design enables more efficient and cost-effective determination of the factor effects than would be achieved if separate experiments were carried out for each factor. The proposed designs are easy to use in developing the information needed for evaluating quantitative test methods.4.2 In ruggedness testing, the two levels (settings) for each factor are chosen to use moderate separations between the high and low settings. In general, if there is an underlying difference between the levels, then the size of effects will increase with increased separation between the high and low settings of the factors. A run is an execution of the test method under prescribed settings of each of the factors under study. A ruggedness test consists of a set of runs.4.3 A ruggedness test is usually conducted within a single laboratory on uniform material, so that the effects of changing only the factors are measured. The results may then be used to assist in determining the degree of control required of factors described in the test method.4.4 Ruggedness testing should precede an interlaboratory (round robin) study to correct any deficiencies in the test method and may also be part of the validation phase of developing a standard test method as described in Guide E1488.4.5 This standard discusses design and analysis of ruggedness testing in Section 5 and contains an example of a basic eight run design. Some caution must be used in interpretation of results, since interaction effects may be present. These effects are present when a factor effect changes with the level of other factors in the experimental design. If it is thought that there may be interaction between variables then additional testing of the basic design is necessary. This is discussed in Section 6. In addition, Annex A3 presents estimates of precision of factor effects when run settings are replicated. An example of a twelve run design is shown in Appendix X1. Annex A1 and Annex A2 provide supplemental information.1.1 This practice covers conducting ruggedness tests. The purpose of a ruggedness test is to identify those factors that strongly influence the measurements provided by a specific test method and to estimate how closely those factors need to be controlled.1.2 This practice restricts itself to experimental designs with two levels per factor. The designs require the simultaneous change of the levels of all of the factors, thus permitting the determination of the effects of each of the factors on the measured results.1.3 The system of units for this practice is not specified. Dimensional quantities in the practice are presented only as illustrations of calculation methods. The examples are not binding on products or test methods treated.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The methods and procedures set forth in this practice relate to the extension of the fire resistance ratings obtained from particular fire tested specimens to constructions that have not been tested.4.2 Users of this practice must have knowledge and understanding of the provisions of Test Method E119 including those pertaining to conditions of acceptance.4.3 In order to apply some of the principles described in this practice, reference to the original fire test report will be necessary.4.4 In Test Method E119, the specimens are subjected to specific laboratory fire test exposure conditions. Substitution of different test conditions or changes in the end use conditions have the ability to change the measured fire-test-response characteristics. Therefore, the extensions of data are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in Test Method E119,.1.1 This practice covers the extension of fire resistance ratings obtained from fire tests performed in accordance with Test Method E119 to constructions that have not been tested. Test Method E119 evaluates the duration for which test specimens will contain a fire, retain their standard integrity, or both during a predetermined test exposure.1.2 This practice is based on principles involving the extension of test data using simple considerations. The acceptance of these principles and their application is based substantially on an analogous worst case proposition.1.3 These principles are only applicable to temperature conditions represented by the standard time-temperature curve described in Test Method E119. Test Method E119 is a fire-test-response standard.1.4 The types of building constructions which are the subject of this practice are categorized as follows: beams; floor and roof assemblies; columns; and walls and partitions. Floor and roof assemblies include such assemblies with ceiling protective membranes.1.5 The extension of test data using numerical calculations based on empirical data or theoretical models is not covered in this practice.1.6 This practice does not cover the substitution of one proprietary material for another proprietary material, or materials for which fire test data are not presently available.1.7 This practice does not purport to be comprehensive in its treatment of non-proprietary modifications of tested constructions. Engineering evaluation or tests are recommended for assessing modifications not specifically covered in this practice.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.9 This standard is used to determine certain fire-test responses of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions by using results obtained from fire-test-response standards. The results obtained from using this standard do not by themselves constitute measures of fire hazard or fire risk.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The data obtained for the reference test fluid are intended to be used by laboratory personnel to determine their capability to perform tests properly. If a particular determination does not fall within the prescribed limits, it has to be assumed that an error occurred in the application of the test procedure.5.2 The coolant composition given in this specification is not intended to be a commercial product.AbstractThis specification covers a reference ethylene glycol-base test fluid to be used in providing base line data for ASTM coolant test procedures. The reference test fluid concentrate shall be prepared to conform to the requirements as to chemical composition prescribed. The materials used to prepare the reference test fluid shall meet the requirements specified. The formulated reference test fluid concentrate shall conform to the requirements for laboratory test performance prescribed.1.1 This specification covers a reference ethylene glycol-base test fluid to be used in providing base line data for ASTM coolant test procedures.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test method can be used to determine the appearance of propagating fractures in plain carbon or low-alloy pipe steels (yield strengths less than 825 MPa) over the temperature range where the fracture mode changes from brittle (cleavage or flat) to ductile (shear or oblique).4.2 This test method can serve the following purposes:4.2.1 For research and development, to study the effect of metallurgical variables such as composition or heat treatment, or of fabricating operations such as welding or forming on the mode of fracture propagation.4.2.2 For evaluation of materials for service to indicate the suitability of a material for specific applications by indicating fracture propagation behavior at the service temperature(s).4.2.3 For information or specification purposes, to provide a manufacturing quality control only when suitable correlations have been established with service behavior.1.1 This test method covers drop-weight tear tests (DWTT) on ferritic steels with thicknesses between 3.18 mm and 19.1 mm.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The objective of this guide is to recommend a panel of biological tests that can be used in addition to the testing recommended in Practice F748. This guide is designed to detect neurotoxicity caused by medical devices that contact nervous tissue.4.2 The testing recommendations should be considered for new materials, established materials with different manufacturing methods that could affect nervous tissue response, or materials used in new nervous tissue applications.4.3 Chemical characterization can be used to evaluate similarity for materials with a history of clinical use in a similar nervous tissue application.1.1 Medical devices may cause adverse effects on the structure and/or function of the nervous system. In this guide, these adverse effects are defined as neurotoxicity. This guide provides background information and recommendations on methods for neurotoxicity testing. This guide should be used with Practice F748, and may be helpful where neurotoxicity testing is needed to evaluate medical devices that contact central and/or peripheral nervous system tissue or cerebral spinal fluid (CSF).NOTE 1: The results of these in vitro and in vivo tests may not correspond to actual human response.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification designates woods to be used as panels in weathering tests of coatings such as solvent-borne or water-borne paints. Different wood species shall be considered for testing due to their wide variations in the anatomy and density. Wood species materials for test panels include western red cedar, white pine and Ponderosa pine, southern pine, redwood, and Douglas fir. Wood panel characteristics such as weight per volume, wood character, panel thickness, surface smoothness, relative humidity, and growth rings density shall be in accordance with the specification.1.1 This specification designates woods for weathering tests of exterior solvent-borne or water-borne paints and other materials of similar purpose. Such tests may include either outdoor exposure tests or accelerated laboratory tests. It is the purpose of this specification to minimize the influence of variation of wood of a given species on test results.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

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4.1 Dangerous goods (hazardous materials) regulations require performance tests to be conducted on packaging designs before being authorized for use. The regulations do not include standardized procedures for conducting performance tests and, because of this, may result in a non-uniform approach and differences in test results between testing facilities.4.2 The purpose of this guide is to provide guidance and to establish a set of common practices for conducting internal pressure tests on packagings subjected to UN certification testing or packagings required to meet pressure capability requirements.4.3 This guide provides additional information not in the regulations that will facilitate consistent testing. The information and guidance provided here are intended to meet or exceed the minimum regulatory requirements. For more information on the UN certification requirements, refer to Guide D4919. For pressure testing of IBC design types, reference Guide D8134.1.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized method and a set of basic instructions for performing internal and hydrostatic pressure testing on packaging designs intended for shipping liquids in accordance with the United States Department of Transportation Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN).1.2 This guide provides information to help clarify various terms used as part of the United Nations (UN) certification process that may assist in determining the applicable test.1.3 This guide provides the suggested minimum information that should be documented when conducting pressure testing.1.4 This guide provides information for recommended equipment and fittings for conducting pressure tests.1.5 This guide is based on the current information contained in 49 CFR, §173.27 and §178.605.1.6 When testing packaging designs intended for hazardous materials (dangerous goods), the user of this guide shall be trained in accordance with 49 CFR §172.700 and other applicable hazardous materials regulations such as the ICAO Technical Instructions, IMDG Code, and carrier rules such as the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations.1.7 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Environmental site characterization projects almost always require information regarding subsurface soil stratigraphy and hydraulic parameters related to groundwater flow rate and direction. Soil stratigraphy often is determined by various drilling procedures and interpreting the data collected on borehole logs. The electronic piezocone penetrometer test is another means of determining soil stratigraphy that may be faster, less expensive, and provide greater resolution of the soil units than conventional drilling and sampling methods. For environmental site characterization applications, the electronic piezocone also has the additional advantage of not generating contaminated cuttings that may present other disposal problems (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10). Investigators may obtain soil samples from adjacent borings for correlation purposes, but prior information or experience in the same area may preclude the need for borings (11). Most cone penetrometer rigs are equipped with direct push soil samplers (Guide D6282/D6282M) that can be used to confirm soil types.4.2 The electronic piezocone penetration test is an in situ investigation method involving:4.2.1 Pushing an electronically instrumented probe into the ground (see Fig. 1 for a diagram of a typical cone penetrometer). The position of the pore pressure element may vary but is typically located in the u2 position, as shown in Fig. 1 (Test Method D5778).4.2.3.3 Robertson proposed the following equations estimating k from Ic and shown on Fig. 4  (11). These equations are used for some cone penetration testing commercial software for estimates of k based on normalized soil behavior type. However, as shown on Tables 1 and 2, the values estimated from Ic are not very accurate for example, the estimated k value may range over two orders of magnitude.FIG. 4 Proposed Relationship Between Ic and Normalized Soil Behavior Type and Estimated Soil Permeability, k (Robertson (1))4.3 When attempting to retrieve a soil gas or water sample, it is advantageous to know where the bearing zones (permeable zones) are located. Although soil gas and water can be retrieved from sediments with low hydraulic conductivity, the length of time required usually makes it impractical. Soil gas and water samples can be retrieved much faster from permeable zones, such as sands. The cone penetrometer tip and friction data generally can distinguish between lower and higher permeability zones less than 0.3 m [1 ft] very accurately.4.4 The electronic cone penetrometer test is used in a variety of soil types. Lightweight equipment with reaction weights of less than 10 tons generally are limited to soils with relatively small grain sizes. Typical depths obtained are 20 to 40 m [60 to 120 ft], but depths to over 70 m [200 ft] with heavier equipment weighing 20 tons or more are not uncommon. Since penetration is a direct result of vertical forces and does not include rotation or drilling, it cannot be utilized in rock or heavily cemented soils. Depth capabilities are a function of many factors (D5778).4.5 Pore Pressure Data: 4.5.1 Excess pore water pressure data often are used in environmental site characterization projects to identify thin soil layers that will either be aquifers or aquitards. The pore pressure channel often can detect these thin layers even if they are less than 20 mm [1 in.] thick.4.5.2 Excess pore water pressure data taken during push are used to provide an indication of relative hydraulic conductivity. Excess pore water pressure is generated during an electronic cone penetrometer test. Generally, high excess pore water pressure indicates the presence of aquitards (clays), and low excess pore water pressure indicates the presence of aquifers (sands). This is not always the case, however. For example, some silty sands and over-consolidated soils generate negative pore pressures if monitored above the shoulder of the cone tip. See Fig. 1. The balance of the data, therefore, also must be evaluated. There have been methods proposed to estimate hydraulic conductivity from dynamic excess pore water pressure measurements (12, 13, 14).4.5.3 Dissipation Tests: 4.5.3.1 In general, since the groundwater flows primarily through sands and not clays, modeling the flow through the sands is most critical. The pore pressure data also can be monitored with the sounding halted. This is called a pore pressure dissipation test. A rapidly dissipating pore pressure indicates the presence of an aquifer while a very slow dissipation indicates the presence of an aquitard. Fig. 5 shows a typical dissipation test showing the t50 determined by waiting for 50 % of the highest pressure registered to dissipate. In some soils there can first be a lag before the peak pore pressure occurs. This example also shows that sufficient time was reached to allow the pore pressure to reach full equalization.FIG. 5 Example Dissipation Test Showing t50 Determination and Equalization of Pore Pressure (Robertson (2))4.5.3.2 Fig. 6 shows one proposed relationship between t50 dissipation time and horizontal, hydraulic conductivity reported by Robertson (2, 11). This chart uses a tip resistance normalized for overburden stresses in the ground. This requires the estimation of the wet and saturated density of the soil and estimated water table location (2). The data points on the chart are laboratory test data from correlated samples. Figure 6 is developed for 10 cm2 diameter cones and a correction factor is required for 15 cm2 cones (multiply k values by factor of 1.5) (2).FIG. 6 Relationship Between CPTu t50 (in minutes) and Soil Hydraulic Conductivity (k) and Normalized Cone Resistance, Qtn (After Robertson (2, 11, 15))4.5.3.3 Included in Fig. 6 is a proposed relationship between dissipation time, soil type, and hydraulic conductivity proposed by Parez and Fauriel (15). This relationship is used in 4.5.3.4 by the high resolution piezocone (HRP) (16) for dissipation tests in sands.4.5.3.4 A pore pressure decay in a clean sand is almost instantaneous. The hydraulic conductivity, therefore, is very difficult to measure in a sand with a cone penetrometer. As a result, until recently the cone penetrometer was not used very often for measuring the hydraulic conductivity of sands in environmental applications. The HRP cone uses special high resolution hardware and software to allow for high resolution data collection even in rapidly dissipating sand formations (16, 17), although recent experience indicates that this might be limited to hydraulic conductivity values less than 10-3 cm/s (18, 19). Partial drainage can also become an issue for cone penetration testing in soils where t50 < 50s and the approximate limits for undrained cone penetration are shown on Fig. 6  (20).4.5.3.5 A thorough study of groundwater flow also includes determining where the water cannot flow. Cone penetrometer pore pressure dissipation tests can be used very effectively to study the hydraulic conductivity of confining units. However, long excessive times for dissipation may not be economical in production CPT. Burns and Mayne (21) have developed methods to model the pore pressure dissipations tests in clays considering the stress history of the clays and can predict k and consolidation characteristics. Their method uses a seismic piezocone to measure the soil stiffness using down-hole shear wave velocity measurements.4.5.3.6 The pore pressure data also can be used to estimate the depth to the water table or identify perched water zones. This is accomplished by allowing the excess pore water pressure to equilibrate and then subtract the appropriate head pressure. Due to high excess pore pressures being generated, typical pore pressure transducers are configured to measure pressures up to 3.5 MPa [500 lbf/in.2] or more. Since transducer accuracy is a function of maximum range, this provides a relative depth to water level accuracy of about ±100 mm [0.5 ft]. Better accuracy can be achieved if the operator allows sufficient time for the transducer to dissipate the heat generated while penetrating dry soil above the water table. Lower pressure transducers are sometimes used just for the purpose of determining the depth to the water table more accurately. For example, a 175-kPa [25-lbf/in.2] transducer would provide accuracy that is better than 10 mm [0.5 in.]. Incorporation of a temperature transducer and appropriate calibration allows for high precision and rapid data collection. Caution must be used, however, to prevent these transducers from being damaged due to a quick rise in excess pressure. Some newer systems allow for large burst pressure protection without hysteresis, which enables users to collect data in highly stratified environments without as much concern for transducer damage.4.5.3.7 When coupled with appropriate models, three dimensional gradient can be derived from final pressure values collected from multiple CPT locations. Once gradient distributions have been derived, and hydraulic conductivity and effective porosity distributions have been generated, seepage velocity distributions can be derived and visualized. This type of information is critical to environmental investigations and remediation design. If contaminant concentration distributions are known, the same software can be used to derive three dimensional distributions of contaminant mass flux.4.6 For a complete description of a typical geotechnical electronic cone penetrometer test, see Test Method D5778.4.7 This practice tests the soil in situ. Soil samples are not obtained. The interpretation of the results from this practice provides estimates of the types of soil penetrated. Onboard CPT single rod soil samplers (D6282/D6282M) are available for short discrete interval soil sampling. Continuous soil cores can be obtained rapidly in a separate location using continuous direct push dual tube samplers (D6282/D6282M). Investigators may obtain soil samples from adjacent locations for correlation purposes, but prior information or experience in the same area may preclude the need for borings for soil samples.4.8 Certain subsurface conditions may prevent cone penetration. Penetration is not possible in hard rock and usually not possible in softer rocks, such as claystones and shales. Coarse particles, such as gravels, cobbles, and boulders may be difficult to penetrate or cause damage to the cone or push rods. Cemented soil zones may be difficult to penetrate depending on the strength and thickness of the layers. If layers are present which prevent direct push from the surface, rotary or percussion drilling methods can be employed to advance a boring through impeding layers to reach testing zones.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.Practice D3740 was developed for agencies engaged in the laboratory testing or inspection of soils and rock or both. As such, it is not totally applicable to agencies performing this field practice. However, users of this practice should recognize that the framework of Practice D3740 is appropriate for evaluating the quality of an agency performing this practice. Currently there is no known qualifying national authority that inspects agencies that perform this practice.1.1 The electronic cone penetrometer test often is used to determine subsurface stratigraphy for geotechnical and environmental site characterization purposes (1).2 The geotechnical application of the electronic cone penetrometer test is discussed in detail in Test Method D5778, however, the use of the electronic cone penetrometer test in environmental site characterization applications involves further considerations that are not discussed. For environmental site characterization, it is highly recommended to use the Piezocone (PCPT or CPTu) option in Test Method D5778 so information on hydraulic conductivity and aquifer hydrostatic pressures can be evaluated.1.2 The purpose of this practice is to discuss aspects of the electronic cone penetrometer test that need to be considered when performing tests for environmental site characterization purposes.1.3 The electronic cone penetrometer test for environmental site characterization projects often requires steam cleaning the push rods and grouting the hole. There are numerous ways of cleaning and grouting depending on the scope of the project, local regulations, and corporate preferences. It is beyond the scope of this practice to discuss all of these methods in detail. A detailed explanation of grouting procedures is discussed in Guide D6001.1.4 Cone penetrometer tests are often used to locate aquifer zones for installation of wells (Practice D5092/D5092M, Guide D6274). The cone test may be combined with direct push soil sampling for confirming soil types (Guide D6282/D6282M). Direct push hydraulic injection profiling (Practice D8037/D8037M) is another complementary test for estimating hydraulic conductivity and direct push slug tests (D7242/D7242M) and used for confirming estimates. Cone penetrometers can be equipped with additional sensors for groundwater quality evaluations (Practice D6187). Location of other sensors must conform to requirements of Test Method D5778.1.5 This practice is applicable only at sites where chemical (organic and inorganic) wastes are a concern and is not intended for use at radioactive or mixed (chemical and radioactive) waste sites due to specialized monitoring requirements of drilling equipment.1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or in-lb units (presented in brackets) are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Units for conductivity are either m/s or cm/s depending on the sources cited.1.7 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice is primarily intended for use by associations, third-party grading agencies, technical societies and other groups that develop national design standards and use recommendations for round timber piles.4.2 This practice provides procedures for establishing compression parallel to grain and bending stresses for round timber piles including: sampling of material for testing; methods of test and property calculation procedures; distribution analysis of test data; procedures for determining adjustments for critical section location; pile oversize, load sharing and treatment; and procedures for deriving allowable stresses.4.3 In using allowable stresses established under this practice, factors specific to each end use which may affect the performance of the pile system shall be considered by the designer. Such factors include the location of the critical section, the bearing capacity of the soil, the ability of the pile to withstand driving forces, the properties of the cap or load distributive element tying piles together and the loading and conditions of service.1.1 This practice contains procedures for establishing allowable compression parallel to grain and bending stresses for round timbers used for piling, based on results from full-size tests.NOTE 1: Allowable stresses for compression perpendicular to grain and shear properties are established in accordance with the provisions of Practice D2899.1.2 Stresses established under this practice are applicable to piles conforming to the size, quality, straightness, spiral grain, knot, shake and split provisions of Specification D25.1.3 A commentary on the practice is available from ASTM International.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This fire-test-response standard is applicable to door assemblies for use in walls to retard the passage of fire (see .).1.2 This fire-test-response standard determines the ability of door assemblies to function as a fire-resistive barrier during a standard fire endurance test. Such a test meth shall not be construed as determining the suitability of door assemblies for continued use after their exposure to fire.1.3 This fire-test-response standard is intended to evaluate the ability of a door assembly to remain in an opening during a predetermined test exposure, which when required by is then followed by the application of a hose stream (see ).1.4 The hose stream test used in this test method is not designed to be representative of an actual hose stream used by a fire department during fire suppression efforts.1.5 The fire exposure is not representative of all fire conditions, which vary with changes in the amount, nature, and distribution of the fire loading, ventilation, compartment size and configuration, and heat characteristics of the compartment. It does, however, provide a relative measure of fire endurance of door assemblies under specified fire exposure conditions.1.6 Any variation from the tested construction or test conditions will possibly change the performance characteristics of door assembly.1.7 This fire-test-response standard does not provide the following:1.7.1 The fire endurance of door assemblies constructed of materials other than those tested.1.7.2 A temperature limit on the unexposed surface of the door assembly, although the temperatures are measured and recorded.1.7.3 A limit on the number of openings allowed in glazed areas or of the number and size of lateral openings between the door and frame.1.7.4 A measurement of smoke or products of combustion that pass through the door assembly.1.7.5 A measurement of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion generated by the door assembly.Note 1The information in and may be important in determining the fire hazard or fire risk of door assemblies under actual fire conditions. This information may be determined by other suitable fire test methods. For example, flame spread and smoke development may be determined by Test Method E 84.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions1.9 This test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.1.10 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.

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This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing traffic paints in the laboratory and in the field. This guide covers the testing of a ready-mixed paint product of sprayable consistency that shall be suitable for use as a reflecting traffic guide on paved roadways. Tests shall be performed in accordance with the following test methods: liquid paint properties; application and appearance properties; properties of the dried film; analysis of paint; and field evaluations. Conditions, such as: substrate type; climatic conditions; service density; traffic type; and presence of foreign matter on the road surface, may affect traffic paint.1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing traffic paints in the laboratory and in the field.1.2 This guide covers the testing of ready-mixed solvent base and waterborne paint products of sprayable consistency that shall be suitable for use as a reflecting traffic guide on paved roadways.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Tests with algae provide information on the toxicity of test materials to an important component of the aquatic biota and might indicate whether additional testing (2) is desirable. Specific testing procedures under various regulatory jurisdictions follow procedures similar to those described in this Guide (3, 4). Users should consult with any specific regulatory requirements to determine the applicability and consistency of this standard with such requirements.5.2 Algae are ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems, where they incorporate solar energy into biomass, produce oxygen, function in nutrient cycling and serve as food for animals. Because of their ecological importance, sensitivity to many toxicants, ready availability, ease of culture, and fast growth rates (rendering it possible to conduct a multi-generation test in a short period of time), algae are often used in toxicity testing.5.3 Results of algal toxicity tests might be used to compare the sensitivities of different species of algae and the toxicities of different materials to algae and to study the effects of various environmental factors on results of such tests.5.4 Results of algal toxicity tests might be an important consideration when assessing the hazards of materials to aquatic organisms (See Guide E1023) or deriving water quality criteria for aquatic organisms (5).5.5 Results of algal toxicity tests might be useful for studying biological availability of, and structure-activity relationships between, test materials.5.6 Results of algal toxicity tests will depend on the temperature, composition of the growth medium, and other factors. These tests are conducted in solutions that contain concentrations of salts, minerals, and nutrients that greatly exceed those in most surface waters. These conditions may over- or under-estimate the effects of the test material if discharged to surface waters.1.1 This guide covers procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning the adverse effects of a test material added to growth medium on growth of certain species of freshwater and saltwater microalgae during a static exposure. These procedures will probably be useful for conducting short-term toxicity tests with other species of algae, although modifications might be necessary. Although the test duration is comparable to an acute toxicity test with aquatic animals, an algal toxicity test of short duration (72, 96 or 120 h) allows for examination of effects upon multiple generations of an algal population and thus should not be viewed as an acute toxicity test.1.2 Other modifications of these procedures might be justified by special needs or circumstances. Although using appropriate procedures is more important than following prescribed procedures, results of tests conducted using unusual procedures are not likely to be comparable to results of many other tests. Comparison of results obtained using modified and unmodified versions of these procedures might provide useful information concerning new concepts and procedures for conducting toxicity tests with microalgae.1.3 These procedures are applicable to many chemicals, either individually or in formulations, commercial products, or known mixtures. With appropriate modifications, these procedures can be used to conduct tests on temperature, and pH and on such materials as aqueous effluents (see Guide E1192), leachates, oils, particulate matter, sediments, and surface waters. Static tests might not be applicable to materials that are highly volatile, are rapidly biologically or chemically transformed in aqueous solutions, or are removed from test solutions in substantial quantities by the test vessels or organisms during the test. (1)3 However, practical flow-through test procedures with microalgae have not been developed.1.4 Results of tests using microalgae should usually be reported in terms of the 96-h (or other time period) IC50 (see 3.2.5) based on reduction in growth. In some situations, it might only be necessary to determine whether a specific concentration unacceptably affects the growth of the test species or whether the IC50 is above or below a specific concentration.1.5 This guide is arranged as follows:  SectionReferenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Guide 4 5Hazards 7Apparatus 6 Facilities 6.1 Equipment 6.2 Test Vessels 6.3 Cleaning 6.4 Acceptability 6.5Growth Medium 8Test Material 9 General 9.1 Stock Solution 9.2 Test Concentration(s) 9.3Test Organisms 10 Species 10.1 Source 10.2 Culture 10.3 Quality 10.4Procedure 11 Experimental Design 11.1 Temperature 11.2 Illumination 11.3 Beginning the Test 11.4 Gas Exchange 11.5 Duration of Test 11.6 Biological Data 11.7 Other Measurements 11.8 Determination of Algistatic and Algicidal Effects 11.8.5Analytical Methodology 12Acceptability of Test 13Calculation 14Report 15Keywords 161.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers the general requirements for the standard rib tire for pavement skid-resistance testing. The tire covered by this specification is for use in evaluation of tire-pavement friction. The fabric shall be polyester body or carcass plies and fiber glass belt plies. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following properties of tread compound: tensile sheet cure, modulus, specific gravity, tensile strength, elongation, and tire tread durometer.1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for the standard rib tire for pavement skid-resistance testing. The tire covered by this specification is for use in evaluation of tire-pavement friction.1.2 The terminology in this specification is consistent with Terminology E867.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers the physical dimensions and characteristics of a laboratory burner used for small-scale burning tests on plastic materials, with the supply gases including methane, propane, and butane. The burner shall consist of a burner barrel that threads onto a one-piece base, which is equipped with an orifice and a needle valve that restricts the orifice opening and regulates the gas velocity through the burner, and a gas inlet, which consists of a serrated fitting for connection to the gas supply. A lock nut for securing the barrel onto the base may be provided optionally. The mixing tube of the barrel shall be manufactured with a uniform bore, and the barrel, threads, and serrated fitting shall be free of flash and burrs.1.1 This specification covers the physical dimensions and characteristics of a laboratory burner to be used as an ignition source for small-scale burning tests on plastic materials. The burner is used with methane, propane, or butane supply gases for flame heights of 20 to 125 mm.1.2 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.1.3 The burner described in this specification is suitable for use in the following ASTM standards: Specification C509, Test Method D229, Test Method D635, Test Method D876, Test Method D3014, Test Method D3801, Test Method D4804, Test Method D4986, and Test Method D5048. Safety hazards and known limitations on applicability of fire-test-response standards are addressed in the individual test methods.NOTE 1: This specification is equivalent to the ignition source specified in IEC 60695-11-3, Annex A and IEC 60695-11-4, Annex A.NOTE 2: This specification is equivalent to the P/PF2 ignition source specified in ISO 10093.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车