5.1 Qualitative and quantitative fiber identification is actively pursued by committee RA24 (Fiber Identification) of AATCC and presented in AATCC Test Methods 20 and 20A. Since precision and bias development is also part of the AATCC test methods, both AATCC and ASTM D13 have agreed that new development will take place in RA24. However, because there is valuable information still present in the ASTM standards, D13.51 has agreed Test MethodsD276 and D629 will be maintained as active standards by ASTM.5.2 Test Methods D629 for the determination of quantitative analysis of textiles may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments but caution is advised since information on between-laboratory precision is lacking. Comparative tests as directed in 5.2.1 or in Standard Tables D1909 may be advisable.5.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results using Test Methods D629 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimen should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing began. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias.5.3 The effects of the various reagents used in the chemical methods on the residual fibers in a blend depend upon the history of the fibers and, unless otherwise stated, are generally too small or too uncertain to warrant the application of correction factors.5.4 Fiber composition is generally expressed either on the oven-dry mass of the original sample or the oven-dry mass of the clean fiber after the removal of nonfibrous materials. If nonfibrous materials are not first removed from the textile before the fiber analysis is carried out, or if the treatments described in Section 8 are incapable of removing them, any such materials present will increase the percentage of the fiber constituent with which they are removed during the analysis, assuming they are soluble in the solvent used.5.5 The analytical methods are intended primarily for the separation of binary mixtures of fibers. These procedures may also be used for the analysis of mixtures containing more than two types of fibers by selecting the best combination of methods to use (Table 1). Since a sequence of solvents on a given fiber may produce different results than the expected results from a single solvent, it is advisable to determine the results of such sequential effects when testing multiple fiber blends. It is sometimes more convenient to separate mechanically the yarns in a textile which are of similar types, and then use the appropriate chemical method to analyze each of the components. Table 2 shows the solubilities of the various fibers in different chemical reagents.(A) Key to Methods and Reagents:Method No. 1—80 % acetone(cold)Method No. 2— N-ButyrolactoneMethod No. 3—90 % formic acidMethod No. 4—59.5 % sulfuric acidMethod No. 5—70 % sulfuric acidMethod No. 6—Sodium hypochlorite solutionMethod No. 7—Curpammonia solutionMethod No. 8—Hot xyleneMethod No. 9—90 % formic acidMethod No. 10—N,N-dimethylacetamide(B) Each analytical method is identified by a number and where possible, two methods of analysis are provided for each binary mixture of fibers. The number or numbers inside parentheses refers to the method that dissolves the fiber shown at the top of the diagram. The number or numbers outside the parentheses indicates the method that dissolves the fiber listed at the left side of the diagram. Where two methods are listed for a specific binary mixture, the non-superscript method number represents the method of choice.(A) Key to Symbols:S  =  SolublePS  =  Partially SolubleSS  =  Slightly Soluble (a correction factor may be applied)I  =  Insoluble(B) Reworked wools are soluble in 70 % H2SO4 depending upon their previous history.1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the determination of the fiber blend composition of mixtures of the fibers listed in 1.2. Procedures for quantitative estimation of the amount of moisture and certain nonfibrous materials in textiles are also described, for use in the analysis of mixtures, but these are not the primary methods for the determination of moisture content for commercial weights.1.2 These test methods cover procedures for the following fiber types:1.2.1 Natural Fibers: 1.2.1.1 Cellulose-Base Fibers: Cotton Hemp Flax Ramie1.2.1.2 Protein-Base Fibers: Animal hairs (other than wool) Silk, cultivated Silk, Tussah Wool1.2.2 Man-Made Fibers: 1.2.2.1 Cellulose-Base Fibers: Acetate (secondary) Rayon, viscose or cuprammonium Triacetate1.2.2.2 Synthetic-Base Fibers: Acrylic Aramid Modacrylic Nylon 6, Nylon 6-6, others Olefin Polyester Spandex1.3 These test methods include the following sections and tables:  Section Referenced Documents  2Terminology  3Summary of Methods  4Uses and Significance  5Sampling  7Purity of Reagents  6Moisture Content or Moisture Regain  9Nonfibrous Materials  8Mechanical Separation or Dissection 10Chemical Test Methods:   Summary of Methods 11 Specimens and Symbols 12 No. 1 Acetate Mixed With Other Fibers 13 No. 2 Modacrylic Mixed With Cellulosic Fiber or Wool 14 No. 3 Nylon 6 or Nylon 6-6 Mixed With Natural Fibers or   Rayon 15 No. 4 Rayon Mixed With Cotton 16 No. 5 Wool or Polyester Mixed With Cellulosic Fibers or Silk 17 No. 6 Polyester or Acrylic Mixed With Wool 18 No. 7 Natural Cellulosic Material and Rayon Mixed With   Acrylic, Modacrylic, and Polyester 19 No. 8 Polyester Mixed With Olefin 20 No. 9 Polyester Mixed With Acetate or Nylon 6,6-6 21 No. 10 Acrylic Fiber or Linear Spandex Mixed With Nylon or   Polyester 22Microscopical Analysis    23 Summary of Method 24 Sampling 26 Apparatus 25 Procedure 27Keywords 28   Table Chemical Methods for Analysis of Fiber Mixtures  1Solubilities of Various Fibers in Solvents Used in Chemical Methods  2Fineness Ranges and Fiber Diameters of Various Textile Fibers  3Density and Moisture Regain of Common Fiber Types  41.4 The analytical procedures described in the test methods are applicable to the fibers listed in 1.2. The test methods are not satisfactory for the separation of mixtures containing fibers that fall within the same generic class but differ somewhat, either physically or chemically, from each other. These test methods are not satisfactory for the determination of bicomponent fibers.NOTE 1: For other methods of analysis covering specific determinations, refer to: Test Methods D461, Test Method D584, Methods D885, Test Method D1113, Test Method D1334, and Test Method D2130. Methods for moisture are covered in Methods D885, Test Method D1576, Test Method D2462, Test Method D2495 and Test Methods D2654. For the determination of commercial weight, refer to Test Method D2494.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 Silver may be used to treat consumer textile products to provide enhanced antimicrobial (fungi, bacteria, viruses) properties (3, 4). At any point in a textile product’s lifecycle, there may be a need to measure the amount of silver present. This standard prescribes a test method based on ICP-OES or ICP-MS analysis that manufacturers, producers, analysts, policymakers, regulators, and others may use for measurement of total silver in textiles. As described in Guide E3025, determination of total silver in a consumer textile product is one component of a tiered approach to determine if silver is present, possibly as nanomaterial(s) (one or more external dimensions in the nanoscale), prior to measuring the form and dimension of the Ag that is found. ICP-OES or ICP-MS analysis alone is not sufficient to determine whether a textile contains silver nanomaterial(s).NOTE 4: There are many different chemical and physical forms of silver that are used to treat textiles and an overview of this topic is provided in Guide E3025.5.2 As described in Guide E3025, the amount of silver in a textile can decrease over time as silver metal and silver compounds can react with oxygen and other oxidation-reduction (redox) active agents present in the environment to form soluble ionic species which are released by contact with moisture (for example, from ambient humidity, washing, body sweat, rain, or other sources). Hence, if silver is measured in a textile, the result may only be indicative of that moment in the article’s life cycle and great care is necessary in drawing temporal inferences from the results.5.3 If silver is measured by ICP-OES or ICP-MS analysis, additional analyses are needed to elucidate the form of silver in the textile specimen. This step is necessary because ICP-OES or ICP-MS results are for total silver independent of chemical and physical form and textiles may be treated with silver in sizes that range from the nanoscale (for example, salt nanoparticles) to the micrometer scale (for example, particulates or fibers).5.4 If no silver is detected by ICP-OES, the more sensitive ICP-MS should be used to determine if silver is present in a test specimen. If no silver is detected in a textile sample using appropriate (fit for purpose) analytical techniques, then testing can be terminated.NOTE 5: Typical method detection limits are 0.6 µg Ag/L by ICP-OES and 0.002 µg Ag/L by ICP-MS which are comparable to limits successfully used to detect silver in a range of products, including sports textiles and wound dressings (2).5.5 Results of ICP-OES or ICP-MS analysis may be qualitative or quantitative, depending upon the efficacy of the digestion procedure for the textile matrix. Regardless, ICP-OES or ICP-MS analysis is recommended as a first step to screen for the presence of silver in a textile and results can be used to inform subsequent more detailed analyses as part of a tiered approach to determine if a textile contains silver nanomaterial(s).1.1 This test method covers the use of inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analyses for determination of the mass fraction of total silver in consumer textile products made of any combination of natural or manufactured fibers. Either ICP-OES or ICP-MS analysis is recommended as a first step to test for and quantify silver in a textile and results can be used to inform subsequent, more detailed analyses as part of the tiered approach described in Guide E3025 to determine if a textile contains silver nanomaterial(s).1.2 This test method prescribes acid digestion to prepare test sample solutions from samples of textiles utilizing an appropriate internal standard followed by external calibration and analysis with either ICP-OES or ICP-MS to quantify total silver.1.3 This test method is believed to provide quantitative results for textiles made of fibers of rayon, cotton, polyester, and lycra that contain metallic silver (see Section 17). It is the analyst’s responsibility to establish the efficacy (ability to achieve the planned and desired analytical result) of this test method for other textile matrices and forms of silver.1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurements are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 The significance of this practice is that a textile intended to be labeled as UV-protective, which will ultimately be submitted for UV transmittance testing, will be in a state that simulates its condition at the end of two years of normal seasonal use. UV resistance of a textile is dynamic and will constantly change. The simulated conditions are to be regarded as only estimates of the changes that will occur to the textile in two years of normal seasonal use.5.2 To learn the quantitative measure of UV transmission or blocking, reference AATCC TM183.5.3 To label textiles as UV-protective, reference Specification D6603.1.1 This practice covers standardized exposures to laundering, simulated sunlight, and chlorinated pool water to simulate two years of seasonal exposure for apparel textiles labeled as ultraviolet (UV)-protective.1.2 This practice is used in conjunction with AATCC TM183 and Specification D6603 as they relate to testing and labeling of UV-protective textiles after two years of simulated seasonal use.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is suitable for evaluating flammability characteristics and laundering durability of textiles used in the manufacture of children's sleepwear. It is not suitable for evaluating the flammability characteristics of textiles for other product applications or ignition scenarios.5.2 The procedure for flammability testing used in this test method is technically equivalent to those used in 16 CFR 1615 and 1616. This test method does not include detailed specimen sampling plans, or the regulatory and record keeping requirements cited in the federal regulations. Please consult 16 CFR 1615 and 1616 for information for these operations.5.3 This test method is suitable for training technicians to conduct the federal test and can serve as a laboratory reference.5.4 Test Method D6545 is very different from 16 CFR 1610 and from Test Method D1230.1.1 This test method evaluates the relative flammability of textiles and garments intended for use in children's sleepwear. The procedures of this test method follow testing and laundering procedures used to evaluate the flammability of children's sleepwear contained in U.S. Federal Regulations 16 CFR 1615 and 1616.1.2 A textile used in children's sleepwear must be tested in its original state and after 50 laundering and drying cycles to assess the flame resistance of the textile relative to its use life.1.3 This method is identical to the method outlined in the regulations 16 CFR 1615 or 1616. The regulation includes additional information such as sampling plans, record keeping requirements, and interpretations for compliance applicable to children’s sleepwear. Please consult 16 CFR 1615 and 1616 for these operations and interpretations.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This test method is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.6 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental health practices and determines the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary information is found in 8.5 and 9.5.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This practice covers the conditioning and testing of textiles in those instances where such conditioning is specified in a test method. Because prior exposure of textiles to high or low humidity may affect the equilibrium moisture pick-up, a procedure also is given for preconditioning the material when specified. The equipments to be used in the conditioning and testing of textiles shall include conditioning room or chamber, psychrometer ventilated by aspiration, preconditioning cabinet, room, or suitable container, balance, and multiple shelf conditioning rack. The conditioning room or chamber shall consist of equipment for maintaining the standard atmosphere for testing textiles throughout the room or chamber within the tolerances given and including facilities for circulating air over all surfaces of the exposed sample or specimen and equipment for recording the temperature and relative humidity of the air in the conditioning room or chamber. Samples or specimens requiring preconditioning shall be brought to a relatively low moisture content in a specified atmosphere. Samples or specimens requiring conditioning shall be brought to moisture equilibrium for testing in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, or when required.1.1 This practice covers the conditioning and testing of textiles when conditioning is specified in a test method. Because prior exposure of textiles to high or low humidity may affect moisture pick-up equilibrium, a procedure also is given for preconditioning the material when required.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 Antimicrobial agents are routinely used for treating textile materials for the reduction of biodeterioration and bacterial odor generation. Furthermore, textiles are treated to prevent or limit microbial cross-contamination in healthcare settings.4.2 Antimicrobial agents used in textiles will vary with regard to their broad-spectrum effectiveness, biostatic/biocidal properties, and binding properties in or on particular substrates. When selecting antibacterial test methods as the sole means to predict end use behavior it is critical to understand the intended end use conditions of the treated articles.4.3 Textile materials differ with regard to the knit/weave, fabric composition, and added functional feature (for example, water repellent, flame retardant, softener, whitener). Each of these factors may alter test results within a given method.4.4 The test methods indicated below differ mainly in the procedure for inoculating samples, levels of nutrients in the bacterial challenge, organisms used, exposure times, and procedure for sterilization of test samples. Each of these parameters are often subject to industry modifications.4.5 Some antimicrobial treated articles are not suitable for sterilization due to the sensitivity of these antimicrobial agents to high temperature and humidity. Furthermore, some antimicrobial agents may be unrealistically activated due to UV sterilization which could show false positive antimicrobial properties. Sterilization of test fabrics prior to testing should be avoided if possible. All modifications of the methods indicated below should be clearly indicated on associated test reports and should be appropriate to the antimicrobial technology used.4.6 This guide is intended to review each commonly used industry test standard for its applicability with an understanding of each of the factors listed above. Further, it is the intention of this guide to indicate commonly used and generally accepted modifications of each standard when measuring specific end-use functionalities.4.7 These test standards are not, in themselves, absolute indicators of real life performance. Such performance criteria are developed based on a series of antimicrobial and analytical test methods in addition to simulated real life use studies. All antimicrobial agents used for the treatment of textiles should be compliant with local regulatory agencies and should be deemed safe for the proposed end-use and claims.1.1 This guide provides users with an index of procedures in the form of test methods, practices, and related international documents that are currently used in the textile industry for determining antibacterial properties of antimicrobial treated textile articles. This guide is not considered as all-inclusive for antimicrobial testing procedures related to textiles.1.2 This guide identifies some existing ASTM and other industry standard test methods applicable for testing the antibacterial performance on textiles and discusses options within each method that have been used to address specific end-use performance expectations in addition to measuring wash durability of such activity.1.3 This guide is intended to assist testing facilities in determining which test methods are appropriate for which treated articles based on type of antimicrobial active involved (diffusible versus non-diffusible), nature of test fabric, and expected end use.1.4 The test methods indicated in this guide should be performed only by those trained in microbiological techniques, are familiar with textile antimicrobial agents and with the end use exposures of the antimicrobial treated textile material.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This guide may be used to evaluate textiles used in apparel.5.2 This guide may be used for several purposes:5.2.1 To determine the comparative performance of new or existing products,5.2.2 To determine the suitability of current products in different end-uses, and5.2.3 To evaluate and compare the effect of wear of construction details as well as specific fabrics, fibers, dyeings, finishing, fabrication techniques, etc.5.3 This guide provides for flexibility in design and evaluation since the information sought from each wear test will vary (see Appendix X1).5.4 This guide may be used to compare the wear performance of two or more textiles when these are included in the same test, or to compare a textile whose properties have not been evaluated with one having a known performance history.5.5 The standard test methods and guides listed in 2.1 and 2.2 are not to be considered as limited to only those cited. It is recognized that textile innovations of chemistries on fibers and fabrics may require the use of other standards methods or modifications to existing standards. Further, product development efforts within companies may call for the use of internal procedures when investigation of worthiness of the innovation or prediction of consumer preference or satisfaction is questioned.1.1 This guide is intended to provide guidance for the design of an experiment for the purpose of developing a prediction of expected wear performance of apparel and textile products when exposed to actual use conditions.1.2 This guide recommends the use of a product for which a history of its performance is known from laboratory testing and consumer use as the basis for statistical significance of new product’s performance, however, other design or experimental approaches may be used.1.3 The wide variety of textile products and the conditions under which consumers will use products prevents the inclusion of all types of wear trial experiments for research and development, product innovation studies, and special needs such as those for healthcare industry or military.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior of Textiles

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers operating characteristics of tensile testing machines for the determination of the force-elongation properties of textile materials. Types of tensile machine covered in this specification are constant-rate-of-extension, constant-rate-of-traverse, and constant-rate-of-loading. Testing machines calibration shall be verified using the methods indicated in this specification, especially when moved to different locations to make sure that they still meet the specified tolerances. Motor-driven machine is preferred over manually driven machine. Constant-rate-of-traverse type machines shall not be used for measuring forces below fifty times their resolution. Machines shall be equipped with a device for measuring force. Clamping or holding devices shall be prescribed in test methods. Maximum allowable error, indicated force, recorded elongation, nominal gage length, and moving clamp speed shall be within the tolerances prescribed in the individual standards. Verification methods for recorded clamp displacement, recorded elongation, and nominal gage length, shall conform to the procedures indicated in this specification.1.1 This specification covers the operating characteristics of three types of tensile testing machines used for the determination of the force-elongation properties of textile materials. These types of tensile testing machines are:1.1.1 Constant-rate-of-extension, CRE.1.1.2 Constant-rate-of-traverse, CRT.1.1.3 Constant-rate-of-loading (force), CRL.1.2 Specifications for tensile testing machines to measure other tensile-related properties of textile materials not covered by this standard are given in the ASTM standards using those machines.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The durability of antimicrobial agents applied to textiles is an important attribute for many of the available technologies on the market. Antimicrobial agents that claim durability are typically fixed ionically, covalently or physically, or both, to a textile surface and are expected to retain their antimicrobial functionality after 5, 25 or 50 washes.5.2 Textile wash standards do exist that measure features as diverse as colorfastness or softener retention, pilling, or even the appearance of the decorative coatings of a zipper; however, no wash method exists that is specific for measuring the durability of an antimicrobial agent applied directly into or onto a textile surface.5.3 Current wash standards have been written to either closely simulate (AATCC TM135) or accelerate (AATCC TM61) the laundering conditions that would be experienced during normal home laundering. While shown to be effective when testing physical properties of textiles, these methods introduce variables to the washing protocol that can directly affect the final antimicrobial properties of a fabric. For example, many wash protocols add bleach or softeners which can build up over time and may introduce false positive results in industry standard microbiological tests. Conversely, powdered detergents if not completely rinsed after each wash can leave residual surfactants that can build up over time but are generally removed during wear. These residual detergents can potentially coat an antimicrobial surface and provide false negative results.5.4 Very specific parameters are identified within this practice to closely replicate home launderings as identified and studied in previous wash protocols (AATCC TM61) and accepted within the textile industry. This practice uses detergents and washing conditions which limit potential cross contamination of samples during washing and unrealistic deposition of residual detergents on the test fabric. These conditions increase the reproducibility and reliability of subsequent microbiological test methods.5.5 This practice allows for the simple washing of textile fabrics for the subsequent antimicrobial testing. Any industry accepted antimicrobial test standard could be used following this washing protocol.5.6 This practice is appropriate for porous materials such as textiles or any porous, soft substrate that is intended to withstand multiple home washes. This practice is intended to measure the durable antibacterial properties of such materials. In most instances, further studies will be required to support and substantiate actual claims being made for the performance of treated materials in practice or as part of a regulatory process.5.7 This standard practice has been shown to be effective at measuring the durability of polymer based antimicrobial agents to home laundering conditions. Particle based or other antimicrobial agents may require modifications of the current methodology to simulate laundering conditions in practice. The exact correlation between expressed laundry care instructions on the antimicrobial treated article and the exposure conditions identified in the standard practice must be determined separately for every antimicrobial active.1.1 To determine the durability of standard antibacterial treatments on textile products such as apparel, piece goods, household articles, hereinafter referred to as “textile” or “textile products” to multiple home launderings.1.2 This practice subjects textile products treated with antimicrobial agents to multiple simulated and accelerated home launderings under defined parameters such that reproducible and reliable antimicrobial analysis can be performed using standard industry accepted protocols.1.3 For some antimicrobial agents, the durability of antibacterial properties resulting from exposure to detergent solution and abrasive action of multiple home launderings has been shown to be approximated by one 45-minute laundering cycle. The exact correlation between expressed laundry care instructions and exposure conditions identified in the practice should be determined separately for every antimicrobial agent.1.4 The subsequent microbiological methods shall be performed by individuals experienced and adept in microbiological procedures and in facilities suitable for the handling of the microorganisms under test.1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operation, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Test Method D1230 cannot be recommended for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments since Federal regulations require apparel fabrics to meet the criteria of 16 CFR Part 1610 and correlation of test results with actual performance has not been established. Although Test Method D1230 is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it provides a method to test general non-regulated textile fabrics.5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D1230 for testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier shall conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. At a minimum, the two parties shall take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens shall be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories shall be compared using a nonparametric test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.5.2 All fabrics made of natural or regenerated cellulose, as well as many made from other natural or man-made fibers, are combustible. Some combustible fabrics when used for clothing are potentially dangerous to the wearer because of such factors as ease of ignition, burn time, amount of heat released, and design of the garment. This test measures two such factors: ease of ignition and burn time.5.3 In order to place fabrics in one of the three flammability classes, arbitrary limits have been selected for time of application of the flame and for the burn time. These limits are based on extensive testing experience and are believed to be a useful guide in judging the relative flammability of apparel textiles. It must be understood, however, that no guarantee can be given and none is implied that garments made from a fabric or product falling into any one of the flammability classes will not be hazardous under some conditions.5.3.1 Because of the sensitivity of fabrics to ambient atmospheric conditions, technique of specimen preparation, and inherent variability in the cloth itself, test results are not always closely reproducible either in the same laboratory or among several laboratories.5.4 Finishes and fabric surface changes can exert a large effect on flammability. Therefore, fabrics are tested before as well as after one cycle of dry cleaning followed by laundering.1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the flammability of textile fabrics as they reach the consumer for apparel. This test method sets forth a classification system for apparel textiles and identifies textiles which have burning characteristics that make them unsuitable for use in clothing, by using as the ignition source a 26-gauge hypodermic needle.1.1.1 This test method shall be used for the flammability of specific categories of tight fitting children’s sleepwear in accordance with 16 CFR 1615 and 16 CFR 1616 which are accessed by the test procedure in 16 CFR 1610 (or ASTM D1230 equivalent).1.1.2 This test method shall not be used for the evaluation of the flammability of textiles used in children's sleepwear, to which 16 CFR 1615 and 16 CFR 1616 apply. These items are addressed in Test Method D6545.1.1.3 This test method shall not be used for the evaluation of the flammability of decorative fabrics or of textiles not intended for use as apparel. Suitable test methods for such applications include Test Method D6413/D6413M or NFPA 701.1.1.4 This test method shall not be used for the evaluation of the flammability of protective clothing, such as those worn by individuals in the fire service or in other occupations where exposure to heat, flame, or electric arc is likely. Suitable test methods for such applications have been developed by ASTM Committee F23, on Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment.1.2 This test method is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.3 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.NOTE 1: This test method is not identical to 16 CFR Part 1610, Flammability of Clothing Textiles. Consumer Product Safety Commission regulations require that clothing fabrics introduced into commerce meet the requirements of 16 CFR Part 1610.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

1.1 This standard is the compilation of all terminology developed by Committee D13 on Textiles.1.1.1 This terminology, consists mostly of definitions, which are specific to the textile industry. Meanings of the same terms used outside the textile industry can be found in other compilations or in dictionaries of general usage.1.1.2 The specific D13 subcommittee (SC) which has jurisdictional responsibility for every item is the first attribution noted after the definition. The SC terminology standard in which all the terms and definitions appear is listed by number after the jurisdiction for the term. The wording of an entry cannot be changed without the approval of the subcommittee which has jurisdiction. Users of this compilation should also review the SC terminology standard listed for more details or interpretations of these terms and their use by the SC having jurisdiction.1.2 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, Terminology D123 is also a tool for managing the committee's terminology. This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies, that is, where two or more terms relating the same concept are defined in different words. Redundancies can also occur when one definition is used for two or more terms.1.3 While the review for clarity and form are the responsibility of the terminology subcommittee, the concept of managing terminology is the broad responsibility of every writer of standards, specifically the task group leader and subcommittee chairman.1.4 Subsequent to a listing of specific subcommittee compilations, this standard is comprised of the following sections that are listed in the order in which they appear.1.4.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions followed by SC attribution in brackets and SC terminology standard.1.4.2 Annex A1 Terms Relating to the Hand of Fabrics.1.4.3 Annex A2 Industry Accepted Synonyms.1.4.4 Annex A3 Terminology Taken From D13 Standards That Have Been Withdrawn.1.4.5 Annex A4 Terminology Relating to Leather.1.4.6 Annex A5 Terminology Revision Procedures.1.4.7 Appendix X1 Other Sources of Textile Terminology.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 983元 / 折扣价： 836 元 加购物车

This specification covers asbestos textile materials used for electrical insulating purposes having a specified minimum mass % of asbestos fiber, excluding the mass of other inorganic reinforcing material that may be present. Asbestos textiles are classified into three types (Types II, IV, and VI) according to magnetic rating, and into grades (Underwriters, A, AA, AAA, and AAAA) according to the percentage of asbestos content by mass. Textile materials shall meet chemical composition (asbestos content) and magnetic rating specific to their grade and type.1.1 This specification covers asbestos textile materials used for electrical insulating purposes having a minimum of 80% asbestos fiber, by mass, excluding the mass of other inorganic reinforcing material that may be present.NOTE 1: Specifications for other asbestos textile products are covered in Specifications D299, D315, D375, D1061, and D1571.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 Warning—Breathing of asbestos dust is hazardous. Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated health risks for users and for those with whom they come into contact. In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results. For information on the safe use of chrysoltile asbestos, refer to “Safe Use of Chrysotile Asbestos: A Manual on Preventive and Control Measures.”21.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods, Section 10, described in this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety hazard, see 1.3.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

3.1 Textiles are often treated with antimicrobial agents to reduce the growth of odor-causing organisms during use, in storage, or while waiting to be laundered, or both . Additionally, antimicrobial agents are used to reduce or control microbial growth on the textile that may affect the material’s visual, chemical or physical integrity, or both.3.2 Anti-fungal test methods that measure antimicrobial behavior on treated textiles or other porous or non-porous substrates do exist (Guide E3152, Test Method E2722, AATCC TM30), but they were developed for either specific types of antimicrobial agents or put under unrealistic conditions such that other agents are disadvantaged or end-use conditions exaggerated.3.3 This test practice is designed to measure relative antimicrobial activity of all common antimicrobial agents used to treat porous materials such as textiles without positive or negative bias for one type of chemistry or product over another. The practice is designed to more closely simulate conditions that might be experienced in the actual end-use of the porous treated materials (for example, low initial fungal spore exposure and limited available nutrients but with ideal conditions to grow). This practice is designed to demonstrate a significant reduction in visible surface fungal growth on a porous treated material (such as textiles) relative to an identical untreated control.1.1 This test practice determines the relative fungal growth inhibition properties of materials treated with an active biocidal agent. Samples of porous treated materials, such as textiles, are inoculated with a defined suspension of fungal conidia or spores and then incubated. The inhibition of growth or visible growth present on treated compared with identical untreated materials is used to measure relative antifungal properties of the treated identical materials.1.2 This test practice must be performed by individuals experienced and adept in microbiological procedures and in facilities suitable for the handling of the species under test.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Consideration of the flexural stiffness of medical textiles is important, as these devices often need to possess properties that allow them to conform readily to the anatomic structures they are designed to support or protect. This test method outlines the materials and methods for the determination of flexural properties along the different textile directions (that is, machine and cross-machine) and for the effects of textile surface orientation (that is, face and back orientations).5.2 This test method can be used for quality control purposes.5.3 This test method can be used for non-absorbable, absorbable, and partially absorbable medical textiles including films and membranes. Testing should be performed on both dry and appropriately conditioned specimens. If the specimen is fabricated from a hydrolytically degradable absorbable material or contains an absorbable component, testing after hydrolytic conditioning at appropriate time intervals should be undertaken using Test Method F1635. For partially absorbable textiles, testing should be performed through at least two time intervals that exceed the point where the absorbable component no longer contributes to the specimen’s measurable mechanical properties.5.4 If flexural rigidity values are found to show effects related to planar and surface orientation, results from this test method could potentially help in determining if devices should be implanted or used only at specific textile directions and surface orientations. Considerations for determining device planar and surface orientations for use would include, but are not limited to, primary direction of bending once implanted or during use, anatomic structures that will interact with the device, and physiologic loads (normal, pathological, and worst-case) the device would experience during use.5.5 No evidence has been found showing that bending length is dependent on the width. However, the tendency for specimens to curl or twist can affect the result through the rigidity provided at the edge. Consequently, use of test specimens with greater width can help to reduce this edge effect.5.6 This test method differs from Test Method D1388 in that it requires tracking of sample surface orientation and includes absorbable and partially absorbable medical textiles. Medical textiles with stiffness higher than is measureable using this cantilever bending method should consider evaluation using the cantilever beam method described in Test Method D747.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of flexural stiffness properties of medical textiles (for example, surgical mesh, films, and membranes). Bending length is measured and flexural rigidity is calculated.1.2 This test method may be used for absorbable or non-absorbable medical textiles.1.3 This test method measures the flexural stiffness at room temperature in air and, if used directly, may not provide an accurate measure of in-vivo behavior for implantable medical textiles.1.4 This test method is not suitable for testing tubular samples.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Values in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车