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4.1 The methods by which sample materials are prepared and molded influence the mechanical properties of the specimen. Unlike injection molding, the objective of compression molding is to produce test specimens or sheets that are both homogeneous and isotropic. Specimens can be molded from powder or pellets such as are received directly from a material manufacturer, particles produced in a recycle recovery operation, or from a milled preform or sheet prepared on a two-roll mill. The powder, pellets, particles, preform, or sheet are melted and molded in a mold designed to produce a finished specimen of a given geometry, size, and thickness, or melted and molded in the form of a smooth plaque or sheet of uniform thickness from which desired specimens are cut, punched, or machined. Working a compound on a two-roll mill prior to molding will disperse and distribute the compound additives in a manner that will affect the physical properties of the compound. The relevant material specification or the material manufacturer shall be consulted to determine the need for milling a sample prior to compression molding. It is important to treat different samples of the same type of material in the same way: if milling was done prior to molding on a material which is to be used as a standard for comparison, all new materials to be tested against this practice shall be prepared and molded in a similar manner.4.2 The apparatus and exact conditions required to prepare adequate specimens will usually vary for each plastic material. Apparatus and procedures satisfactory for molding many different plastic materials are given in this practice in Sections 5 and 6. The apparatus and procedures which have been found satisfactory for molding certain specific materials are given in the Appendixes. In any case, the specific apparatus and procedures to be used in producing compression-molded specimens of a given material shall be obtained by reference to the relevant material specification or by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.1.1 This practice covers the compression molding of thermoplastic granules and milled stock for the preparation of test specimens.21.2 While conditions for certain materials are given, the primary source of specific conditions shall be the material specification standards for each type of material.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: The main body of this practice is equivalent to ISO 293-1986. Annex A1 and ISO 293-1986 differ in some details; however, specimens prepared using Annex A1, Procedure A should be equivalent to those prepared using ISO 293-1986, Cooling Method D. Specimens prepared using Annex A1, Procedure C should be equivalent to those prepared using ISO 293-1986, Cooling Method B. However, due to the greater cooling rate tolerances of the ISO standard, specimens prepared in accordance with ISO Cooling Method B may not be equivalent to Annex A1, Procedure C.

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5.1 The significance of this test is to determine the thermoplastic pavement marking material’s resistance to impact, under laboratory conditions. The method provides a numerical result for impact failure which can be used to assess quality and determine relative performance between materials.5.2 When the pendulum-impact test is performed on thermoplastic pavement marking materials, the results can indicate the strength and brittleness properties helpful in researching and improving their field durability. Anyone attempting to perform this test should initially review Test Methods D256 and Test Method D4812; especially the equipment setup.5.3 The following sample preparation and testing setup method is important so inconsistencies in sample preparation do not cause more inconsistency in the results that are inherent when testing thermoplastic pavement marking materials.1.1 This test method covers the sample preparation for cantilever beams and test methodology of thermoplastic pavement marking materials, similar to the “Izod Impact” method listed in Test Method D4812.1.1.1 Some methods call for results in inch pound-force (in.·lbf) as opposed to the common foot pound-force/inch (ft·lbf/in.) or Joule/meter (J/m) (energy absorbed per unit of specimen of similar cross-section). This method does not purport to cover all the issues involved with the pendulum impact of cantilever beams and suggests that Test Method D4812 and Test Methods D256 be reviewed before this methodology is attempted.1.1.2 Thermoplastic pavement marking materials are a highly filled polymer matrix. Depending on the formula the resulting matrix may be brittle, therefore possibly resulting in inconsistent test results.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This guide is intended to aid device fabricators in the selection of proper commercially available polyurethane solids and solutions for their application.4.2 The polyurethanes covered by this guide may be thermoformed or solution cast into biomedical devices for use as surgical aids or for implantation as determined to be appropriate, based on supporting biocompatibility and physical test data.1.1 This guide covers the evaluation of thermoplastic polyurethanes in both solid and solution form for biomedical applications. The polymers have been reacted to completion and require no further chemical processing.1.2 The tests and methods listed in this guide may be referenced in specifications containing minimum required values and tolerances for specific end-use products.1.3 Standard tests for biocompatibility are included to aid in the assessment of safe utilization in biomedical applications. Compliance with these criteria shall not be construed as an endorsement of implantability. Since many compositions, formulations, and forms of thermoplastic polyurethanes in solid and solution forms are within this material class, the formulator or fabricator must evaluate the biocompatibility of the specific composition or form in the intended use and after completion of all manufacturing processes including sterilization.1.4 Purchase specifications may be prepared by agreement between the buyer and seller by selection of appropriate tests and methods from those listed applicable to the specific biomedical end use.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 The significance of this test is to determine the thermoplastic pavement marking material’s resistance to impact over a simulated pavement substrate, under laboratory conditions, and is expressed as pass/fail or numerically. The test result can be used as a quality test or to differentiate marking materials.5.2 Anyone attempting to perform this test should initially review Test Methods D5420 and D2794, specifically the equipment setup.5.3 Sample preparation and equipment set-up should be followed precisely to minimize variability in the test result.1.1 This test method covers the sample preparation over a road-type substrate and test methodology of thermoplastic pavement marking materials similar to the “Gardner Impact” method as listed in Test Method D5420.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is used to measure the apparent viscosity of thermoplastic pavement marking at elevated temperatures. Elevated temperature viscosities of thermoplastic pavement marking may be related to the properties of coatings, adhesives, and composite thermoplastics. This method is helpful in determining the flow properties which can be used in determining processability when applied to the road surface.5.2 Thermoplastic pavement markings may be applied to the road surface in several different ways. Typical methods of application are screed extrude, ribbon extrude, thin film spray, and standard spray. Proper application depends on the viscosity of the thermoplastic material at application temperatures for the method being used. Thin-line applied thermoplastic pavement marking, for example, requires a relatively lower viscosity. Screed extrude applied thermoplastic requires a higher viscosity.5.3 Materials of the type described in this procedure may be non-Newtonian, and as such, the apparent viscosity will be a function of shear rate under the conditions of test. Although the viscometer described in this test method operates under conditions of relatively low shear rate, differences in shear effect can exist depending upon the spindle and rotational speed conditions selected for the test program. Comparisons between non-Newtonian viscosity values should be made only for measurements made with similar viscometers under conditions of equivalent shear. For this method, “torpedo” spindles are recommended. Spindles considered torpedo spindles are ~1-in. long and come in many diameters with a 45° conical bottom. A diameter that is half the diameter of the thimbles used is recommended. If large glass beads are used in the pavement marking formulation, a smaller diameter spindle may be needed so the beads do not cause an impedance of the spindle due to a jamming between the inside wall of the thimble and the spindle.1.1 This test method covers the sample preparation and testing procedure needed to determine the apparent viscosity of a thermoplastic pavement marking formulation at elevated temperatures to the specimen.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are customary units and are provided as a courtesy to the user.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide information to select, design and install thermoplastic, water-pressure piping systems. Materials covered in this specification are Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC), Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) and Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe fittings.1.1 This guide is intended for use in the selection, design, and installation of thermoplastic water-pressure piping systems. For specific projects, a thorough review of this guide is recommended for the purpose of selecting specific materials, methods of joining, system design factor, and any special procedures deemed necessary to assure a satisfactory system.NOTE 1: Comprehensive information on the selection, design, joining, system design factors, installation and special products and piping systems for pressurized water and other specialized applications is available in the PPI Handbook of Polyethylene Pipe and from other domestic and International sources such as PE compound and product manufacturers and trade associations.1.2 It is recommended that governing codes and project specifications be consulted prior to the use of this guide. Nothing in this guide should be construed as recommending practices or systems at variance with governing codes and project specifications.1.3 The pipe, fittings, and joining materials shall meet the requirements of one or more of the following component product standards listed in 1.3.1 through 1.3.4 to the extent applicable. In 1.3.1, 1.3.2, and 1.3.4 the pipe standards followed by (a) are outside diameter-controlled pipes.1.3.1 For poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic piping components:  Title of Specification ASTMDesignationPoly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80 and 120 (a) D1785Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) (a) D2241Threaded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80 D2464Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40 D2466Socket-Type Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80 D2467Solvent Cements for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings D2564Bell-End Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe (a) D2672Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Tubing (a) D2740Socket-Type Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Line Couplings D3036Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals D3139Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe F477PVC and ABS Injected Solvent Cemented Plastic Pipe Joints F5451.3.2 For Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) plastic piping components: Title of Specification ASTMDesignationChlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80 (a) F441/F441MChlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80 F439Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings F4931.3.3 Standards for polyethylene (PE) plastic piping:  ASTM Standard DesignationStandard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SIDR-PR) Based on Controlled Inside Diameter D2239Standard Specification for Plastic Insert Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe D2609Standard Specification for Socket-Type Polyethylene Fittings for Outside Diameter-Controlled Polyethylene Pipe and Tubing D2683Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Tubing D2737Standard Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pressure Piping D2774Standard Specification for Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe and Tubing D3261Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (DR-PR) Based on Controlled Outside Diameter D3035Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (DR-PR) Based on Outside Diameter F714Standard Specification for Electrofusion Type Polyethylene Fittings for Outside Diameter Controlled Polyethylene and Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipe and Tubing F1055Standard Specification for Socket Fusion Tools for Use in Socket Fusion Joining Polyethylene Pipe or Tubing and Fittings F1056Standard Practice for Electrofusion Joining Polyolefin Pipe and Fittings F1290Standard Specification for Deformed Polyethylene (PE) Liner F1533Standard Guide for Construction Procedures for Buried Plastic Pipe F1668Standard Practice for Field Leak Testing of Polyethylene (PE) and Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pressure Piping Systems Using Hydrostatic Pressure F2164Standard Specification for Fabricated Fittings of Butt-Fused Polyethylene (PE) F2206Standard Practice for Heat Fusion Joining of Polyethylene Pipe and Fittings F2620Standard Test Method for Laboratory Testing of Polyethylene (PE) Butt Fusion Joints using Tensile-Impact Method F2634Standard Practice for Field Leak Testing of Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Piping Systems Using Gaseous Testing Media Under Pressure (Pneumatic Leak Testing) F2786Standard Specification for Lap-Joint Type Flange Adapters for Polyethylene Pressure Pipe in Nominal Pipe Sizes ¾ in. to 65 in. F2880Standard Practice for Specimens and Testing Conditions for Testing Polyethylene (PE) Pipe Butt Fusions Using Tensile and Hydrostatic Test Methods F2928Standard Specification for Billets made by Winding Molten Extruded Stress-Rated High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) F3034Standard Specification for Metric Outside Diameter Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (DR-PN) F3123Standard Practice for Data Recording the Procedure used to Produce Heat Butt Fusion Joints in Plastic Piping Systems or Fittings F3124Standard Practice for Guided Side Bend Evaluation of Polyethylene Pipe Butt Fusion Joint F3183Standard Practice for Heat Fusion Equipment (HFE) Operator Qualification on Polyethylene (PE) and Polyamide (PA) Pipe and Fittings F3190AWWA Standards  Standards Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipe and Tubing, 1/2 in. (13 mm) Through 3 in. (76 mm), for Water Service C901Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipe and Fittings, 4 In. Through 65 In. (100 mm Through 1,650 mm), for Waterworks C906CSA Standards  Standards Definitions, general requirements, and methods of testing for thermoplastic pressure piping B137.0Polyethylene (PE) pipe, tubing, and fittings for cold water pressure services B137.11.3.4 For poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) Plastic Piping Components Issued By the American Water Works Association: C900 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure Pipe,4-inch through 12-inch, for Water (a) 1.3.5 Pipes with wall thicknesses less than 1.50 mm (0.06 in.) are not recommended.1.4 Other Joining Devices—Joining devices other than those covered by the listed standards may be selected by the user on the basis of his own engineering evaluation and service experience.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 The inspection of installed thermoplastic storm and sewer pipe verifies proper installation of the product and establishes a baseline for comparison for further evaluation.4.2 This guide is useful as a reference by an owner in preparing project specifications and to identify, evaluate and interpret observations during post installation inspections of pipe.4.3 Field evaluations either remotely or with person entry should be made by an independent 3rd party engineering firm or duly appointed representative of the owner.1.1 This guide identifies pipeline components, recommended protocols and evaluation criteria to consider in the inspection and acceptance of installed thermoplastic pipe by either person-entry, or remote inspection.1.2 This guide is intended for installation related observations and assumes that pre-installation inspection has been completed and all final settlement of fill has occurred. Inspection should be a minimum of 30 days after installation. This inspection period could be increased to accommodate the installer’s warranty period, which is typically one year or greater.NOTE 1: Pipe types covered under this standard are typically installed under the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications or Practice D2321.1.3 It applies to the thermoplastic non-pressure gravity flow storm and sewer pipe manufactured in accordance with Specifications D3034, F679, F714, F794, F894, F949, F1803, F2306, F2435, F2562, F2648, F2763, F2764, F2881, F2947, F3123, ISO 21138, ISO 4435, ISO 8772 and ISO 8773. It may also be considered for use for any similar thermoplastic pipe products not covered by this list but with similar physical or performance characteristics if approved by the owner.1.4 Person entry is normally used unless extenuating circumstances preclude this type inspection by the engineer. Remote inspection is recommended for use for pipe diameters of 30 in. [750 mm] and smaller unless otherwise specified by owner or engineer. Person entry ultimately depends on the safety, size, and environmental consideration assessments by the engineer.1.5 Access of installed pipe for manual inspection should follow OSHA 29 CFR PART 1926 SUBPART AA or ISO 45001, or any other applicable regulations for confined space entry. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The processing behavior (processability) of rubber or rubberlike materials is closely related to their viscoelastic properties. The viscoelastic properties as well as the mechanical properties are related to the polymeric, including macromolecular and micromolecular structure. Therefore, a determination of the viscoelasticity of a material will provide information to predict processing and service performance.5.2 Stress relaxation testing provides a methodology for investigating the viscoelasticity of rubber or rubberlike materials. Certain structural characteristics that have been demonstrated to be evaluated by this test method are: (1) average molecular weight, (2) molecular weight distribution, (3) linearity or chain branching, (4) gel content, and (5) monomer ratio.5.3 This practice is intended to describe various methods of measuring the stress relaxation properties of raw rubber, unvulcanized rubber compounds, or thermoplastic elastomers for determining the processability of these materials through viscoelastic measurements. Factory performance characteristics that this methodology may correlate with include die swell or shrinkage, extrusion rate, mill banding, carbon black incorporation time, and mold flow.1.1 This practice covers several different techniques for determining the stress relaxation characteristics of rubber and rubberlike materials and for the possible interconversion of this stress relaxation information into dynamic mechanical properties.1.2 The techniques are intended for materials having stress relaxation moduli in the range of 103 to 108 Pa (0.1 to 1.5 × 104 psi) and for test temperatures from 23 °C to 225 °C (73 °F to 437 °F). Not all measuring apparatus may be able to accommodate the entire ranges. These techniques are also intended for measurement of materials in their rubbery or molten states, or both.1.3 Differences in results will be found among the techniques. Because of these differences, the test report needs to include the technique and the conditions of the test. This information will allow for resolving any issues pertaining to the test measurements.1.4 The generalized descriptions of apparatus are based on the measurement of force as a function of time. Mathematical treatment of that relationship produces information that can be representative of material properties. Mathematical transformation of the force measurements will first yield stress relaxation moduli with subsequent transformation producing dynamic mechanical properties.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车