4.1 This practice summarizes a method that may be used to accelerate the oxidation of UHMWPE components using elevated temperature and elevated oxygen pressure. Under real-time conditions, such as shelf aging and implantation, oxidative changes to UHMWPE after sterilization using high-energy radiation may take months or years to produce changes that may result in deleterious mechanical performance. The method outlined in this practice permits the evaluation of oxidative stability in a relatively short period of time (for example, weeks).4.2 This practice may also be used to oxidize UHMWPE test specimens and joint replacement components prior to characterization of their physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. In particular, this practice may be used for accelerated aging of UHMWPE components prior to evaluation in a hip or knee joint wear simulator as outlined in Guide F1714 (hip wear), Guide F1715 (knee wear), ISO 14242 (hip wear), or ISO 14243 (knee wear), or combination thereof.1.1 It is the intent of this practice to permit an investigator to evaluate the oxidative stability of UHMWPE materials as a function of processing and sterilization method. This practice describes a laboratory procedure for accelerated aging of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) specimens and components for total joint prostheses. The UHMWPE is aged at elevated temperature and at elevated oxygen pressure, to accelerate oxidation of the material and thereby allow for the evaluation of its long-term chemical and mechanical stability.1.2 Although the accelerated aging method described by this practice will permit an investigator to compare the oxidative stability of different UHMWPE materials, it is recognized that this method may not precisely simulate the degradative mechanisms for an implant during real-time shelf aging and implantation.1.3 The accelerated aging method specified herein has been validated based on oxidation levels exhibited by certain shelf-aged UHMWPE components packaged in air and sterilized with gamma radiation. The method has not been shown to be representative of shelf aging when the UHMWPE is packaged in an environment other than air. For example, this practice has not been directly correlated with the shelf life of components that have been sealed in a low-oxygen package, such as nitrogen. This practice is not intended to simulate any change that may occur in UHMWPE following implantation.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification deals with the safety performance specifications for commercially manufactured fun-karts intended for private use, on suitable off-road terrain, by consumers, and does not apply to concession, race, home-made, consumer-modified fun-karts, fun-karts that are pedal-powered, unpowered fun-karts, or fun-karts, which are used for commercial purposes. This specification does not cover labeling, maintenance, or use. Materials shall be tested and shall conform to the requirements for fun-kart frame, fun-kart controls, tire capacity, paint, electrical system, fun-kart engines, shields and guards, brush bars, seat belts, fasteners, and plastics.1.1 This specification relates to the safety performance specifications for commercially manufactured fun-karts intended for private use, on suitable off-road terrain, by consumers.1.2 This specification is intended to reduce hazards, other than those inherent in the sport of fun-karting, to the users of fun-karts during normal intended use by specifying performance standards of manufacturing.1.3 This specification applies to fun-karts for private use and does not apply to concession, race, home-made, consumer-modified fun-karts, fun-karts that are pedal-powered, unpowered fun-karts, or fun-karts, which are used for commercial purposes.1.4 This specification recognizes that there are operational hazards relating to fun-karts, which operators and passengers are deemed to have accepted by their use and operation of the fun-kart including, but not limited to, falling out, running into, through, under or over objects, upsetting the fun-kart, general operator recklessness, pinches, scratches, or bruises, or a combination thereof.1.5 This specification does not cover labeling, maintenance, or use. For use and maintenance, see Safety Guide F1928.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers the following kinds of spirits of turpentine as defined by the Code of Federal Regulations and Terminology D 804: gum spirits of turpentine, steam-distilled wood turpentine, sulfate wood turpentine, and destructively-distilled wood turpentine.1.2 The purchaser should specify the kind of spirits of turpentine desired.1.3 This specification is no longer widely used as it only specifies physical characteristics and not chemical composition. This specification was developed when the chief use for turpentine was as a solvent. Currently, especially in the United States, only a very limited quantity of turpentine is used as a solvent. Its main end use is as a raw material for the preparation of polyterpene type resins and synthetic organic chemicals. In spite of its limited application as a solvent, and hence the limited use of this specification, it is considered to be important to retain this specification. When information is required on chemical composition, gas chromatography is the recommended procedure (see Test Methods D 6387).

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3.1 Moist air containing sulfur dioxide quickly produces easily visible corrosion on many metals in a form resembling that occurring in industrial environments. It is therefore a test medium well suited to detect pores or other sources of weakness in protective coatings and deficiencies in corrosion resistance associated with unsuitable alloy composition or treatments.3.2 The results obtained in the test should not be regarded as a general guide to the corrosion resistance of the tested materials in all environments where these materials may be used. Performance of different materials in the test should only be taken as a general guide to the relative corrosion resistance of these materials in moist SO2 service.1.1 This practice covers the apparatus and procedure to be used in conducting qualitative assessment tests in accordance with the requirements of material or product specifications by means of specimen exposure to condensed moisture containing sulfur dioxide.1.2 The exposure conditions may be varied to suit particular requirements and this practice includes provisions for use of different concentrations of sulfur dioxide and for tests either running continuously or in cycles of alternate exposure to the sulfur dioxide containing atmosphere and to the ambient atmosphere.1.3 The variant of the test to be used, the exposure period required, the type of test specimen, and the criteria of failure are not prescribed by this practice. Such details are provided in appropriate material and product purchase specifications.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 4.3.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Fully refined petroleum oils normally contain no naphtha-insoluble material. Semirefined or black oils frequently contain some naphtha-insoluble material (sometimes referred to as asphaltenes). This test measures the amount of naphtha-insoluble material in the oil. This quantity is reported as the precipitation number.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the precipitation number of steam cylinder stocks and black oils, and can be used for other lubricating oils.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification deals with carbon steel girder rails of plain, grooved, and guard types. Materials considered in this specification are grouped into three classes (Class A, B, and C) based on type, weight and chemistry (carbon, manganese, phosphorus, and silicon compositions). Steel samples shall be melt processed by either open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric furnace, and may be cast by a continuous process or in ingots. Material specimens shall undergo product analysis and tests, and shall conform to required chemical and physical attributes such as chemical composition, Brinell hardness, weight, length, sectioning, end finishing, drilling and punching specifications. Rails shall be finished by cold straightening in a press or roller machine to remove twists, waves and kinks. Final products shall be marked either by brand and stamp, paint, or bar code.1.1 This specification covers carbon steel girder rails2 of three classes based on type or type and weight, and chemistry defined as follows and in Table 1.1.1.1 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, girder-guard rails shall be Class A.1.1.2 Plain and grooved-girder rails under 135 lb/yd (67.1 kg/m) in weight shall be specified by the purchaser as either Class A or Class B.1.1.3 Plain and grooved-girder rails of 135 lb/yd in weight and heavier shall be Class C, unless otherwise specified.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers one type of thermoplastic, hot-applied, jet-fuel-resistant joint sealant for use in sealing joints and cracks in pavements.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance to the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in the Appendix.

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This specification covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation hardenable cobalt-containing alloys (UNS R30155 and UNS R30816) rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for high temperature service. The material shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, columbium, tantalum, iron, cobalt, and nitrogen. The materials shall conform to the required tensile and hardness properties such namely tensile strength, yield strength, alongation and Brinell hardness. The alloys shall also conform to the required stress-rupture properties. Dimensions such as diameter, thickness, or width, out-of-round, corners, cut lengths, straightness for cold-worked and hot-worked rod and bar shall be measured.1.1 This specification covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation hardenable cobalt-containing alloys (UNS R30155 and UNS R30816)2 rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for high-temperature service.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Isothermal secant bulk modulus (static bulk modulus) is a property that measures the compressibility of a liquid. The greater the value, the less the compressibility of the liquid.Isothermal secant bulk modulus is employed in the design of high performance hydraulic fluid and braking systems. High bulk modulus is desirable in that the response time of a system is faster when applied pressure more directly effects the action of the system rather than in the compression of the working liquid.If isothermal secant bulk modulus is known as a function of pressure, the data may be used to calculate isothermal tangent bulk modulus and density as a function of pressure. The data may not, however, be used to determine isentropic (dynamic) bulk modulus. That property is usually determined from velocity of sound measurements and differs from isothermal bulk modulus by the ratio of Cp/Cv = γ (the ratio of heat capacity at constant pressure to that at constant volume for the test specimen.1.1 This test method covers the determination of isothermal secant and tangent bulk modulus of liquids which are stable and compatible with stainless steel under the conditions of test.1.2 This test method is designed to be used over the temperature range from -40 to 200°C and from ambient to 68.95 Mpa (10 000 psig).Note 1—Because of the design of the test apparatus, the upper limit of pressure which can be attained is limited by the bulk modulus of the test fluid. Pressures as high as 68.95 Mpa will not be attained for fluids of relatively low bulk modulus at the test temperature.1.3 This test method assumes that the user is proficient in the assembly and use of medium pressure (m/p) threaded and coned fittings which are intended for use at pressures up to 137.9 Mpa (20 000 psig).1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 2—Because hydraulic pressure in the test system is produced by purely mechanical means, the test method is not subject to the hazards associated with systems which are pressurized pneumatically. Even small leaks will result in immediate drop in pressure to ambient without production of a high pressure liquid stream or mist.

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This specification covers steel tubes, carbon and carbon manganese, fusion welded, for boiler, superheater, heat exchanger and condenser application. After welding, all tubes shall be heat treated and followed by cooling in air or in the cooling chamber of a controlled atmosphere furnace. The steel shall conform to the required chemical compositions. The tensile and hardness test requirements to all tube prior to cutting are presented. Mechanical testing requirements indicates that, one flattening test shall be made on specimens from each of two tubes from each lot or fraction thereof, one flange test shall be made on specimens from each of two tubes from each lot or fraction thereof, one crush test shall be made on specimens from each of two tubes from each lot or fraction thereof, and one reverse flattening test shall be made on each 1500 ft [450 m] of finished tubing. Finally, each tube shall be subjected to either the hydrostatic or the non-destructive electric test.1.1 This specification covers minimum wall thickness welded tubes made from carbon and carbon manganese steels listed in Table 1, with various grades intended for use in boiler, superheater, heat exchanger, or condenser applications.TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements, Composition, %Element Grade ALow CarbonSteel Grade CMedium CarbonSteel Grade DCarbon ManganeseSteelCarbon 0.06–0.18 0.30 max 0.27 maxManganese 0.27–0.63 0.80 max 1.00–1.50Phosphorus 0.035 max 0.035 max 0.030 maxSulfur 0.035 max 0.035 max 0.015 maxSilicon No Requirement No Requirement 0.10 min1.2 The tubing sizes and thicknesses usually furnished to this specification are 1/4 to 5 in. [6.3 to 127 mm] in outside diameter and 0.015 to 0.375 in. [0.4 to 9.5 mm], inclusive, in wall thickness. Tubing having other dimensions may be furnished provided such tubes comply with all other requirements of this specification.1.3 Mechanical property requirements do not apply to tubing smaller than 1/8 in. [3.2 mm] in inside diameter or 0.015 in. [0.4 mm] in thickness.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of the specification is specified in the order.1.5 Optional supplementary requirements are provided and when desired, shall be so stated on the purchase order.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

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1.1 This terminology covers definitions of technical terms related to flax and linen.1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

3.1 The iodine value of a fatty acid product is a measure of the unsaturated fatty acid content of that product and consequently a measure of the ease of oxidation or drying capacity of that fatty acid product.3.2 This test method measures the unsaturation as iodine value by addition of an iodine/chlorine reagent. The amount of reagent absorbed is determined by back titrating the excess reagent and comparing it to a blank determination.3.3 In samples containing conjugated double bonds, the iodine value obtained is empirical since the reagent does not react stoichiometrically with conjugated unsaturation. Where no conjugation is present, the iodine value obtained is a measure of the total unsaturation. By using proper specimen weights, the empirical values obtained are useful for comparative purposes.3.4 This test method was developed in order to replace the hazardous solvent, carbon tetrachloride, used in Test Method D1959 with the less hazardous and more available solvents, iso-octane and cyclohexane. As data on the satisfactory use of other solvents becomes available, this test method will be amended to include those solvents.3.5 This test method should have applicability to fatty acids and oils other than tall oil fatty acid but that possibility has not been investigated.1.1 This test method covers the Wijs procedure for determination of unsaturation (iodine value) of tall oil fatty acids.1.2 Iodine value is a measure of the unsaturation of oils and fatty acids and is expressed in terms of the number of centigrams of iodine per gram of sample (weight percent of absorbed iodine).1.3 When this test method is used to determine the iodine value of fatty acids having conjugated systems, the result is not a measure of total unsaturated, but rather is an empirical value that affords a comparison of unsaturation. Total unsaturation of conjugated systems may be measured in accordance with Test Method D1541.1.4 The test method described here is not reliable for tall oil fatty acids containing an appreciable quantity of rosin.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the air leakage characteristics of installed exterior windows and doors under specified static air pressure differences.NOTE 1: The air pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. The factors affecting air pressure differences and the implications of the resulting air leakage relative to the environment within buildings are discussed in the literature.3, 4, 5 These factors should be fully considered in specifying the test pressure differences to be used.5.2 Rates of air leakage are sometimes used for comparison purposes. Such comparisons may not be valid unless the components being tested and compared are of essentially the same size, configuration, and design.5.3 Rates of air leakage of essentially identical windows or doors, as determined in the laboratory (Test Method E283) and as measured in the field by this test method, have sometimes been used for comparison purposes. The correlation between the laboratory and field test results, and the correlation between actual performance of in-service products and the response to these tests has not been established because of insufficient data.5.4 Rates of air leakage, as determined by this test method may be affected by: the age or physical condition of the test specimen; the type or quality of installation; the care exercised in the attachment of the test apparatus and the determination of extraneous leakage; and the actual conditions to which the test specimen is exposed beyond those imposed by the test method, that is temperature, relative humidity, wind impingement, etc. Consideration must be given to the proper selection of test specimens, the choice of appropriate test technique (when a choice is given within this test method), and the proper use and interpretation of the results obtained from this test to minimize the effect of these conditions.5.5 Rates of air leakage, as determined by this test method may include air leakage that does not occur during normal operation and exposure, or that does not contribute to the overall air leakage for the structure. Air may be supplied to or exhausted from wall cavities or adjacent construction, or may bypass interior or exterior trim or components in a manner not experienced during normal operation or exposure. Care must be taken to prevent such leakage from occurring, or consideration must be given that such leakage may have occurred during the test.5.6 This test method addresses the issue of air leakage through the high pressure face of the test specimen only. Air leakage from the adjacent wall cavity through sill, head, and jambs of the window frame is considered extraneous air leakage and, therefore, not a component of the measured specimen air leakage. Such extraneous air leakage through the perimeter frame of the test specimen can be a significant source of air leakage into, or out of, the building if the frame is not sealed against air infiltration from the adjacent wall cavity.1.1 This test method provides a field procedure for determining the air leakage rates of installed exterior windows and doors.1.2 This test method is applicable to exterior windows and doors and is intended to measure only such leakage associated with the assembly and not the leakage through openings between the assemblies and adjacent construction. The test method can be adapted for the latter purpose, provided the potential paths of air movement and the sources of infiltration and exfiltration can be identified, controlled, or eliminated.1.3 This test method attempts to create and given set of natural environmental conditions. There is a strong possibility that the test method or the test apparatus may, by virtue of their design and use, induce air leakage that does not occur under natural environmental exposure.1.4 This test method is intended for the field testing of installed exterior windows or doors. Persons interested in laboratory testing of fenestration products should reference Test Method E283.1.5 Persons using this procedure should be knowledgeable in the area of fluid mechanics and instrumentation practices, and shall have a general understanding of fenestration products and components.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This is not a routine test. The values recorded are applicable only to the sewer being tested and at the time of testing.1.1 This practice covers procedures for testing concrete pipe sewer lines, when using the low-pressure air test method to demonstrate the integrity of the installed material and the construction procedures. This practice is used for testing 4 to 24-in. circular concrete pipe sewer lines utilizing gasketed joints.1.2 This practice is also used as a preliminary test to enable the installer to demonstrate the condition of the line prior to backfill.1.3 A complete metric companion to Practice C 924 has been developed—C 924M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented in this practice.Note 1—The user of this practice is advised that air test criteria presented in this practice are similar to those in general use. The test and criteria have been used widely and successfully in testing smaller diameter pipe, but additional data are required to confirm the safety and applicability or develop criteria for pipe larger than 24 in. in diameter. Larger pipe will be accepted more conveniently by visual inspection and individual joint testing.Note 2—The user of this practice is advised that no correlation has been found between air loss and water leakage.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use (see Section 6, Safety Precautions).

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3.1 Gasket materials undergo several processing steps from point of manufacture to installation in a flange. Many applications require close control of dimensional change. An accurate test method for determining the relative stability of various materials is needed for design and quality assurance purposes. This test method is useful towards that end. It simulates the extreme storage conditions that a material may undergo prior to installation. Samples are allowed unrestricted expansion or contraction, and so this test method should not be used to predict behavior clamped in a flange or other applications, or during specific processing steps.3.2 This test method measures linear change, and may need to be modified if the test specimen is not flat, homogeneous, or free of voids.1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the stability of a gasket material to linear dimensional change due to hygroscopic expansion and contraction. It subjects a sample to extremes, that is, oven drying and complete immersion in water, that have shown good correlation to low and high relative humidities.21.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车