1.1 This specification covers requirements and contains test methods for outdoor recreational camping tents for persons. These requirements include controlled small flame test methods for materials used to manufacture tents. The requirements are intended to specify materials that do not present an unreasonable risk of flammability and injury to occupants.1.2 This specification does not apply to products intended for indoor use only, products that are not intended to shelter people, products used principally for commercial purposes only, or products subject to the requirements of the NFPA Fire Code (NFPA 1), NFPA Life Safety Code (NFPA 101), or the International Fire Code, as adopted by certain U.S. states. Additional articles not covered by this specification are:1.2.1 Baby boat with sunshade;1.2.2 Bivouac sack;1.2.3 Car port;1.2.4 Children’s indoor play tent, toy tent, toy bed canopy, and similar products;1.2.5 Garden green house;1.2.6 Hammock, hammock with insect nets, hammock with shades, hammock shelter, and similar products;1.2.7 Packaging material, such as tent bags, pole bags, bivouac sacks, stake bags, carrying bags or rope, shock cord, or cordage material used for anchoring;1.2.8 Tarp cover;1.2.9 Sun or beach umbrella with or without a sidewall; and1.2.10 Other similar items that are not primarily designed to provide shelter to persons for outdoor use, which do not have sides which are fully enclosed to the ground, and which do not have limited means of egress.1.3 This performance specification relies on test methods from (established) consensus flammability test standards for outdoor recreational camping tents, specifically Sections 2-5 of CAN/CGSB-182.1.1.4 This consumer safety specification is intended to deal with reasonably foreseeable use and misuse of the products. This consumer safety specification does not apply to products that are blatantly misused, nor does it apply to products used by consumers in a careless manner that violate normal practice or disregard the instructions or warnings provided with the product or both.1.5 This specification is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.6 This specification is used to predict or provide a quantitative measure of the fire hazard from a specified set of fire conditions involving specific materials, products, or assemblies. This assessment does not necessarily predict the hazard of actual fires that involve conditions other than those assumed in the analysis.1.7 This specification is used to establish a means of combining the potential for harm in fire scenarios with the probabilities of occurrence of those scenarios. Assessment of fire risk using this specification depends on many factors, including the manner in which the user selects scenarios and uses them to represent all scenarios relevant to the application. This specification cannot be used to assess fire risk if any conditions are different from those contained in this specification.1.8 This specification revises CPAI-84, Specification for Flame-Resistant Materials Used in Camping Tentage as it relates to recreational camping tents.21.9 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is suitable to assess the fabric burn rate of sleeping bag fabrics.5.2 This test method is applicable to all sleeping bags.5.3 This test method is technically equivalent to CPAI-75, which is used for the acceptance of commercial shipments of sleeping bags.5.4 Most materials used to make sleeping bags are organic materials and are combustible (see 3.2.2). Sleeping bag materials can be combustible due to the inherent chemical composition of the material or due to the finishing processes used, or both.5.5 When exposed to fire, combustible sleeping bag materials are potentially dangerous to the user because of their ease of ignition and because it is possible that they will exhibit a high burning rate.5.5.1 If the sleeping bag material is noncombustible, it shall be deemed to meet the performance requirements of this test method. One way of demonstrating noncombustibility is by meeting the requirements of Test Method E136.5.6 Changes in finishes or in fabric surface treatments can exert a large effect on the fabric flammability. Therefore, sleeping bags shall be tested both before and after cleaning or aging in accordance with one of the procedures in 7.3, in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.5.7 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test method to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.5.8 It must be understood, moreover, that no guarantee can be given and none is implied that sleeping bags complying with the performance requirements of this test method will not be hazardous under certain conditions.5.9 It is feasible that the fabric will pass the test requirements as received but fail the requirements after cleaning. In that case, the report shall indicate that the fabric is not suitable for cleaning or aging (as appropriate).1.1 This fire-test response test method contains a method to assess the flammability, expressed as a burn rate, of sleeping bags which use various materials and constructions in their manufacture.1.2 Sleeping bags that comply with the requirements in this test method shall be permitted to be labeled as complying with the appropriate requirements, to facilitate the identification of products conforming to this test method.1.3 This test method is technically equivalent to the flammability standard CPAI-75, issued by the Industrial Fabrics Association International (see 2.2), and which has been in use as a flammability requirement for the sleeping bag industry in the U.S.NOTE 1: CPAI-75 expresses burn rate in units of inches/minute while this test method expresses burn rate in units of centimetres/minute.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The lower temperature limit of flammability is the minimum temperature at which a liquid (or solid) chemical will evolve sufficient vapors to form a flammable mixture with air under equilibrium conditions. Knowledge of this temperature is important in determining guidelines for the safe handling of chemicals, particularly in closed process and storage vessels.NOTE 1: As a result of physical factors inherent in flash point apparatus and procedures, closed-cup flash point temperatures are not necessarily the minimum temperature at which a chemical will evolve flammable vapors (see Appendix X2 and Appendix X3, taken in part from Test Method E502). The temperature limit of flammability test is designed to supplement limitations inherent in flash point tests (Appendix X2). It yields a result closely approaching the minimum temperature of flammable vapor formation for equilibrium situations in the chemical processing industry such as in closed process and storage vessels.NOTE 2: As a result of flame quenching effects existing when testing in standard closed-cup flash point apparatus, there are certain chemicals that exhibit no flash point but do evolve vapors that will propagate a flame in vessels of adequate size (X3.2). The temperature limit of flammability test chamber is sufficiently large to overcome flame quenching effects in most cases of practical importance, thus, usually indicating the presence of vapor-phase flammability if it does exist (6.2).NOTE 3: The lower temperature limit of flammability (LTL) is only one of several characteristics that should be evaluated to determine the safety of a specific material for a specific application. For example, some materials are found to have an LTL by this test method when, in fact, other characteristics such as minimum ignition energy and heat of combustion should also be considered in an overall flammability evaluation.5.2 The vapor concentration present at the lower temperature limit of flammability equals the lower flammable limit concentration as measured by Test Method E681 and extrapolated back to the same temperature. (This permits estimation of lower temperature limits of flammability if vapor pressure and concentration limit of flammability data are available (A2.3). A comparison of results of the tests, thus, affords a check on test reliability, the reliability of vapor pressure data, or both.)1.1 This test method covers the determination of the minimum temperature at which vapors in equilibrium with a liquid (or solid) chemical will be sufficiently concentrated to form flammable mixtures in air at atmospheric pressure. This test method is written specifically for determination of the temperature limit of flammability of systems using air as the source of oxidant and diluent. It may also be used for other oxidant/diluent combinations, including air plus diluent mixtures; however, no oxidant/diluent combination stronger than air should be used. Also, no unstable chemical capable of explosive decomposition reactions should be tested (see 8.3).1.2 This test method is designed and written to be run at local ambient pressure and is limited to a maximum initial pressure of 1 atm abs. It may also be used for reduced pressures with the practical lower pressure limit being approximately 13.3 kPa (100 mm Hg). The maximum practical operating temperature of this equipment is approximately 150°C (302°F) (Note A1.2).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions, and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions are given in Section 8.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is intended for use when measuring surface flammability of flexible cellular materials exposed to fire. The test method provides a laboratory test procedure for measuring and comparing the surface flammability of materials when exposed to a prescribed level of radiant heat energy. The test is conducted using specimens that are representative, to the extent possible, of the material or assembly being evaluated. For example, if an assembly is required to be tested, such specimens shall replicate the type and thickness of all the layers present in the assembly being evaluated.5.2 The rate at which flames will travel along surfaces depends upon the physical and thermal properties of the material, product, or assembly under test, the specimen mounting method and orientation, the type and level of fire or heat exposure, the availability of air, and properties of the surrounding enclosure. (1-6)4, 55.3 Test Method E162 is a generic version of this test method, using an apparatus that is substantially the same as the one used in this test method. However, Test Method E162 is normally intended for application to specimens other than flexible cellular materials.5.3.1 The pilot burner in this test method is different from the pilot burner in Test Method E162.5.4 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory fire test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.5.5 If the test results obtained by this test method are to be considered as part of an overall assessment of fire hazard in a building or structure, then the criteria, concepts and procedures incorporated into Guide E1546 shall be taken into consideration.1.1 This is a fire test response standard.1.2 This test method describes the measurement of surface flammability of flexible cellular materials.1.3 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not, by itself, incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.1.6 Specific information about hazards is given in Section 7.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units, in parentheses, are for information only and are approximations (see also IEEE/ASTM SI-10).1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This test method provides a laboratory research procedure for assessing the flammability properties of fabrics in a vertical configuration in which the test specimen is permitted limited mobility from the vertical plane of suspension. This test is intended to simulate the flammability performance of an A-line type garment on a mannequin under the prescribed conditions. 1.2 This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 The test results represent the afterflame and afterglow times, in seconds, for a material under the conditions of the test.5.2 The afterflame and afterglow times and other burning phenomena will vary with thickness. Test data shall only be compared with data for material of the same comparable thickness.5.3 The effect of material thickness, colors, additives, deterioration, and possible loss of volatile components is measurable.5.4 The results serve as a reference for comparing the relative performance of materials and can be an aid in material selection.5.5 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it will not always be possible by or from this test method to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test exposure conditions described in this test method.1.1 This fire-test-response test methods describe small-scale laboratory procedures for determining the comparative burning characteristics of solid plastic materials that, due to specimen thinness and nonrigidity, distort, shrink, and/or are consumed up to holding clamp when tested using Test Method D3801. A flame is applied to the base of specimens held in a vertical position and the extinguishing times are determined upon removal of the test flame.1.2 The classification system described in Appendix X1 is intended for quality assurance and the preselection of component materials for products.1.3 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.NOTE 1: This standard is equivalent to ISO 9773, IEC 60695-11-10, and UL 94 (Section 11).NOTE 2: For rate of burning of nonrigid solid plastics in a horizontal position, formerly Test Method B of this test method, see Test Method D635.1.4 This test method is not intended to cover plastics when used as materials for building construction or finishing.1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 6.1.1.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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