4.1 The design and configuration of an audio laboratory, as well as the maintenance of equipment, are factors that must be considered to ensure an optimal environment to produce the best results. This guide is intended to provide general guidance for laboratory setup and maintenance.4.2 This document is not meant to be an all-inclusive guide on how to set up a laboratory; nor does it contain information pertaining to specific commercial products as it relates to computer hardware, forensic, and non-forensic software applications.4.3 When dealing with equipment and technology outside your area of expertise, consult with an appropriate specialist.1.1 This guide sets forth recommendations for the creation of a forensic audio laboratory space as well as the configuration, verification, and maintenance of the equipment contained within the lab.1.2 In designing and configuring an audio laboratory, it is important to consider the acoustical environment/room of the laboratory, as well as climate control. Other than having a viable location for the laboratory, computer hardware and software applications are the most important components of a laboratory.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The gasket factors are a function of leak rate; therefore, this practice generates curves. Constants for use in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Appendix 2 code calculations are selected from these data. Specific m and y values can be selected based on a maximum desired leak rate or derived from these data as described in this procedure. This practice addresses the influence of leak rate and gasket thickness on a gasket’s ability to provide a seal initially and in operation. This practice is performed at room temperature; therefore, this practice does not account for all conditions, such as high temperature or thermal cycling or both, that bolted flange connections may be subject to in field application.4.2 This practice determines two general characteristics that are specific to the ASME design criteria. Caution should be exercised when comparing yield and maintenance factors between gasket materials, and it is recommended that the m and y curves be compared. Selecting a gasket material for use in an application should not be based exclusively on these two general characteristics. Gasket material selection for a given application should consider additional information not described in this practice, which includes, but is not limited to, chemical resistance, thermal resistance, creep relaxation, compressibility, and accommodation of thermal cycling.4.3 This practice builds upon work conducted in the Fluid Sealing Association (FSA G 605:11). The associated round robin data is provided for reference in Tables 1-4.(A) BDL = below detection limit.(A) BDL = below detection limit.1.1 This practice will establish criteria for determining loading constants that are referenced in the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) pressure vessel design (Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Divs. 1 and 2). These constants are specific to this design criterion for metallic, semi-metallic, and nonmetallic gaskets.1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 Compliance with this guide should confirm known and acceptable quality of hand-held insulating live-line tools manufactured using fiberglass meeting Specification F711. The guidance herein is to be considered as a minimum requirement.3.2 The user of this type of protective equipment should be knowledgeable of and instructed in the correct and safe inspection and use of this equipment.1.1 This guide provides recommendations for in-service inspection, maintenance, and electrical testing of hand-held insulating live-line tools.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This guide provides information that could be used to:5.1.1 Establish a hazardous material instrument program;5.1.2 Help ensure that consistently reliable instruments are available for the detection of hazardous materials; and5.1.3 Provide the safety professional with the means to evaluate the risk and facilitate the mitigation of the threat from hazardous materials.5.2 This guide provides information to help perform the following:5.2.1 Select detection equipment;5.2.2 Maintain the equipment in a manner that supports its immediate use when required; and5.2.3 Store equipment using proper methods and conditions between uses.5.2.4 Calibrate equipment in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations and regulatory requirements:5.2.4.1 At appropriate intervals;5.2.4.2 Using appropriate standards; and5.2.4.3 While maintaining proper documentation of calibration and repair.5.2.5 Use and verify equipment performance:5.2.5.1 As recommended by the manufacturer for its intended application;5.2.5.2 By performing functional checks; and5.2.5.3 By knowing any limitations of use.5.3 This guide also provides information regarding the types of materials to be included in training programs for the use and maintenance of the equipment.1.1 This guide provides techniques that can be used to ensure the proper operation and use of Hazardous Material detection equipment. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances.1.2 This guide is not intended to represent or replace any accreditation or certification documents by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged.1.3 This guide does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 When using HAZMAT equipment follow the manufacturer’s guidance and appropriate safety practices for the expected or suspected threat.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This practice applies to the classification, design, manufacture, construction, operation, maintenance, and inspection of stationary waves.1.2 Stationary wave systems shall be defined as a system that delivers a constantly flowing sheet of water nominally up to 24 in. thick travelling over a form allowing for patron interaction with a perpetual wave.1.3 Significance and Use: 1.3.1 For the purposes of this practice, a wave system could include:1.3.1.1 The ride surface,1.3.1.2 The ride feature pump(s),1.3.1.3 The water filtration and disinfection system,1.3.1.4 The runout areas,1.3.1.5 The structural supports,1.3.1.6 Vehicles or other aquatic accessories that are part of the water ride as defined by the designer/engineer, and1.3.1.7 Control systems.1.3.2 This practice shall not apply to:1.3.2.1 Amusement rides and devices whose design criterion is specifically addressed in other ASTM standards;1.3.2.2 Preexisting designs manufactured before the effective date of publication of this practice if the design is service proven as defined in Practice F2291; and1.3.2.3 Deep water wave pools, Action Rivers, lazy rivers or waterslides.1.3.3 The terms stationary wave systems, standing wave systems, sheet wave systems, and wave systems shall be considered equivalent when used in this practice.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Work practices, engineering controls, personal protective equipment and other precautions to minimize exposure to airborne asbestos fibers have been extensively documented in regulations, training manuals and other publications. The work described in these publications ranges from large-scale abatement projects to minor disturbances and clean-up. Practices E1368 and E2394 address these issues within the context of their subject matter.4.2 This practice applies to specific types of asbestos work where the same task is performed by various persons without substantial deviation from a documented procedure and with material containing the same type and similar content of asbestos fiber. The exposure from such operations can be expected to remain fairly consistent as long as these parameters do not vary substantially and the workers have received the required training to perform the task.4.3 Because of the variability in field conditions under which large-scale work such as asbestos abatement is performed, the opportunity to collect sufficient personal air samples under conditions similar enough to establish statistical confidence can be questioned. For this reason, this practice does not address the collection of such samples and their use for determining exposure data to apply on other projects. Users with such requirements are referred to the applicable regulations for guidance.4.4 There are many tasks, however, that are of short duration and amenable to testing under controlled conditions for assessing worker exposure. These tasks are performed by equipment installers and other tradesmen in the course of their ordinary duties in what this practice refers to as the current job. The following list of potential tasks where ACMs can be disturbed is by no means inclusive and the feasibility of conducting an Exposure Assessment is the responsibility of the user:4.4.1 Drilling holes through asbestos floor tile and sheet vinyl flooring,4.4.2 Removing small pieces of floor tile and sheet vinyl flooring to expose the substrate,4.4.3 Drilling holes through asbestos-cement roofing, siding, ceiling panels, ducts, and pipes,4.4.4 Drilling and cutting holes in wallboard,4.4.5 Drilling holes in ceiling tiles,4.4.6 Removing and replacing ceiling tiles,4.4.7 Patching roofing materials,4.4.8 Removing window putty and caulking,4.4.9 Cleaning asbestos-lined or contaminated ducts,4.4.10 Removing gaskets and packing,4.4.11 Removing and installing locksets in fire doors,4.4.12 Taking bulk samples of suspect ACM,4.4.13 Removing and patching acoustical ceiling texture and fireproofing, and4.4.14 Removing and replacing insulation on pipes, tanks, boilers, ducts, etc.4.5 The Exposure Assessment is based on personal air samples taken over a full or partial shift to determine an 8-h TWA exposure and a short-term Excursion Limit exposure, which requires that two sampling pumps be worn.4.6 Samples are taken for comparison with criteria determined by the user, including but not limited to the following:4.6.1 Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs), including the 8-h TWA of 0.1 f/cc and the 30-min EL of 1.0 f/cc, or to establish engineering controls, respiratory and personal protection, and other requirements in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.1101;NOTE 1: These OSHA PELs will be used for illustration purposes in this practice.4.6.2 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit of 0.1 f/cc;4.6.3 American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH6) Threshold Limit Value (TLV7) of 0.1 f/cc for respirable fibers;4.6.4 Employee exposure limits imposed by other governmental jurisdictions;4.6.5 Employee exposure limits to establish engineering controls, respiratory and personal protection, and other requirements of an employer’s policy or the requirements of a specification or procedure that applies to the current job; and4.6.6 Non-occupational exposure limits for building occupants and other affected persons.4.7 Compliance with the PELs and other criteria is typically determined by analyzing the air samples using NIOSH Method 7400 for Phase Contrast Microscopy, which reports all fibers meeting the counting criteria and does not distinguish between asbestos and non-asbestos fibers. The Exposure Assessment can be based on analysis using NIOSH Method 7402 for Transmission Electron Microscopy, which identifies asbestos fibers and adjusts the fiber count from a NIOSH Method 7400 analysis.4.8 An important aspect of an Exposure Assessment is determining a margin of safety between the exposures measured during the test and criteria for respiratory protection, regulatory compliance or other purposes. This practice therefore includes a statistical test (Confidence Factor) for the exposure based on the air sample results from a test as described in Section 7.4.9 The responsibility for comparing the results of the test performed for the Exposure Assessment is given to the competent person, usually but not necessarily someone in a supervisory capacity, who compares the conditions under which the test was performed to those for the current job to which a worker has been assigned. If the work practices and asbestos-containing materials are sufficiently similar in the judgment of the competent person, and the worker has been trained on the work practice using simulated asbestos-containing materials, the competent person certifies that the Exposure Assessment applies to the current job for purposes of respiratory protection and other precautions. A form is provided in Appendix X1 for this purpose.NOTE 2: OSHA regulations in 29 CFR 1926.1101 permit an employer to dispense with respiratory protection and other precautions on the basis of an Exposure Assessment (sometimes called a Negative Exposure Assessment) or on the basis of “objective data.” This practice does not use the terms “Negative Exposure Assessment” and “objective data,” and the responsibility for elimination of protective measures based on an Exposure Assessment remains with the competent person. 29 CFR 1926.1101 requires a “high degree of certainty” that the PELs will not be exceeded, but does not define this parameter.1.1 This practice establishes procedures for assessing the exposure of workers to airborne fibers who perform repetitive tasks of short duration where small quantities of asbestos-containing materials must be disturbed in order to perform maintenance and installation activities.1.2 This practice describes the facilities and equipment for performing the tasks under controlled conditions for the express purpose of collecting personal air samples to determine worker exposure. The tasks are performed on actual asbestos-containing materials during Exposure Assessment tests and precautions are taken for personal protection and avoiding contamination of adjacent spaces.1.3 This practice describes the air sample collection procedures, the analytical methods for the air samples, and the calculation of worker exposure including the use of statistical confidence limits. This practice differentiates between the test to obtain exposure data and the current job to which the data are applied, and describes the duties of the individuals who conduct these separate activities.1.4 The results are applied to the current job as defined herein for determining worker protection such as respiratory protection or for other purposes as determined by the competent person responsible for the current job. The results of the tests shall not be applied to current jobs that are expected to differ substantially from the test conditions in work practices, material properties or other factors that might affect the concentration of airborne asbestos fibers.1.5 This practice is not intended to be used for asbestos abatement work for which the objective is the removal of asbestos-containing materials. It is designed to assess exposures for short-term repetitive tasks. Compliance with regulatory requirements as to the purpose of the work and limits on the quantity of asbestos-containing materials disturbed is the responsibility of the user.1.6 This practice describes procedures for determining exposure to airborne asbestos fibers. It does not purport to determine the risk of acquiring an asbestos-related disease for any individual, trade or work practice, nor does it represent that compliance with any criterion constitutes a “safe” level of exposure that is free of such risk.1.7 Hazards—Asbestos fibers are acknowledged carcinogens. Breathing asbestos fibers may result in disease of the lungs including asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma. Precautions should be taken to avoid breathing airborne asbestos particles from materials known or suspected to contain asbestos. See 2.2 for regulatory requirements addressing asbestos.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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The purpose of this practice is to provide guidance to owners, mechanics, airports, regulatory officials, and aircraft and component manufacturers who may accomplish maintenance, repairs, and alterations on a light unmanned aircraft system (UAS). In addition, this practice covers the format and content of maintenance manuals and instructions for the maintenance, repair, and alteration of light UAS. The light UAS can be operated as a commercial aircraft or as a sport aircraft. This practice states the requirements for the maintenance of light commercial UAS. These same requirements may be used for the sport light UAS with the provisions shown. The maintenance requirements are divided between the aircraft and the ground equipment. The aircraft contains the air data terminal and the ground station controls the nearby ground data terminal. Therefore, the data link is not listed as a separate component, but has elements in the aircraft and near the ground station that is called the ground data terminal.1.1 This practice provides guidelines for the qualifications to accomplish the various levels of maintenance on certificated light unmanned aircraft system (UAS). In addition, it provides the content and structure of maintenance manuals for aircraft, ground control station, and data links that are operated as a light unmanned aircraft system (UAS).This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 This practice is intended to provide consistent criteria, references and operational considerations in the specifications, management and construction of institutional trampoline courts.4.2 This practice is intended to be taken into consideration by architects, designers, engineers, construction contractors, manufacturers, appropriate inspectors, owners and operators who are involved with the design, construction, manufacture, installation, operation, maintenance, inspection or major modification of institutional trampoline courts.4.3 This practice does not apply to consumer trampolines, trampolines intended for use on water, trampolines intended for use as aquatic play equipment, trampolines primarily used for professional exhibition, or single user trampolines primarily used under the direct supervision of a trainer or coach.4.4 This standard does not apply to stand alone institutional trampoline units that consist of one or more individual stations with a total bed area less than 37 000 in.2 (238 709.2 cm2) and employ a mechanical harnessed system to control or direct the descent of a patron.4.5 This standard does not apply to stand alone institutional trampoline units that consist of one or more individual stations with a total bed area less than 37 000 in.2 (238 709.2 cm2) and employ individual chambers divided with small mesh netting to control or direct the descent of a patron.4.6 This standard does not apply to inflatable amusement devices covered by Practice F2374.4.6.1 This standard applies to trampoline courts that mount or dismount onto an inflatable impact attenuation system.4.7 Trampoline courts that employ a device designed to introduce additional energy into the suspension or bed system are outside the scope of this standard practice.4.8 For the purpose of this standard, consideration shall be given within the design and for operation of a trampoline court with activities including but not limited to: bouncing, jumping, walking, standing, sitting, resting, acrobatic maneuvers, aerobics, flips, dancing, exercise, therapeutic rehabilitation, dodgeball, basketball, or volleyball.4.9 For the purpose of this standard, consideration shall be given within the design and for operation of a trampoline court with complementary equipment including but not limited to: foam balls, inflated balls, foam toys, wakeboards, snowboards, bounce boards, hoops, nets, pylons, ropes, goals, harness systems, or inflated toys.1.1 The purpose of this practice is to delineate requirements regarding the design, manufacture, installation, operation, maintenance, inspection and major modification of commercial or institutional trampoline courts with the primary purpose of amusement, entertainment or recreation.1.2 This standard applies to institutional trampoline courts that are located in and around amusement, entertainment or recreational facilities. Such facilities include but are not limited to trampoline parks, amusement parks, theme parks, water parks, family entertainment centers, fitness centers, gyms, gymnastics facilities, sports facilities, skate parks, camps, shopping centers, temporary special events, carnivals and municipal parks.1.3 This standard applies to devices manufactured on or after the date of publication of this standard practice.1.4 This practice establishes guidelines that will provide a level of conformity for the purpose of reducing potential hazards to patrons, court attendants, and spectators.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the hazards associated with institutional trampoline courts. The standard’s existence alone will not prevent injuries. Like other physical activities, institutional trampoline court use involves the risk of injury, particularly if the equipment is used improperly or if users exceed their capabilities, endurance, training, or experience.1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.7 This practice includes an annex (mandatory), which provides additional information (for example, rationale, background, interpretations, drawings, commentary, and so forth) to improve the user’s understanding and application of the criteria presented in this practice. The annex information shall be interpreted as mandatory criteria.1.8 This practice includes an appendix (non-mandatory), which provides additional information (for example, rationale, background, interpretations, drawings, commentary, and so forth) to improve the user’s understanding and application of the criteria presented in this practice. The appendix information shall not be interpreted as mandatory criteria.1.9 This standard includes the following sections:  Section 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3 4Quality, Manufacture, Construction and Installation 5General Design 6Design 7Major Modification 8Information Plate 9Information Requirements 10Certifications 11Performance Criteria 12Classification of Injuries and Illnesses 13Notification Requirements 14Manufacturer Responsibilities 15Owner/Operator Responsibilities 16Patron Education 17Patron Responsibility 18Children Zones 19Keywords 20Appendix Appendix X11.10 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This practice is intended to assist optical fiber cable owners and pipeline operators in developing operating and maintenance procedures and practices for the secondary use of gas pipelines as conduits for optical fiber cables. It must be kept in mind that the primary use of gas pipelines is for transportation of natural gas and any secondary use of the system must not materially impact the primary function. It is the responsibility of the optical fiber cable owner and pipeline operator to decide how best to integrate operating and maintenance procedures for the pipeline, the optical fiber system, and the optical fiber cable so that safety is not compromised, customers are served in the best way possible, and incremental costs are minimized.Since the practice of integrating gas pipeline facilities and fiber optics for telecommunications purposes is a new and emerging activity, this standard will help establish guidelines for its rapid and safe deployment and will ensure that the facilities installed are maintained to operate on a long-term basis.1.1 This practice covers the operation and maintenance of natural gas distribution and service pipelines containing optical fiber cable and the operation and maintenance of the optical fiber system.1.2 This practice applies to distribution and service lines used to transport natural gas.1.3 This practice does not apply to natural gas transmission lines.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide the user information and guidance for preparation of a plan for the surveillance and maintenance of nuclear facilities that have been deactivated and are awaiting D&D.4.1.1 This document provides guidance for performing S&M in a way that will ensure worker and public safety, while also addressing stakeholder requirements.4.1.2 Use of this guide helps standardize the basic requirements for S&M of nuclear facilities.4.2 Use of this guide helps ensure that the S&M plan addresses the significant activities and actions necessary to maintain these facilities in a safe and stable condition until they can be decommissioned.1.1 This guide outlines a method for developing a Surveillance and Maintenance (S&M) plan for inactive nuclear facilities. It describes the steps and activities necessary to prevent loss or release of radioactive or hazardous materials, and to minimize physical risks between the deactivation phase and the start of facility decontamination and decommissioning (D&D).1.2 The primary concerns for S&M are related to (1) animal intrusion, (2) structural integrity degradation, (3) water in-leakage, (4) contamination migration, (5) unauthorized personnel entry, and (6) theft/intrusion. This document is intended to serve as a guide only, and is not intended to modify existing regulations.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 With the rapid expansion of the commercial photovoltaic market and the various standards and independent certification entities evolving, a consensus standard practice for the ICOMP process is needed to bring consistency to the market.4.2 Investors and insurance companies need consistency of product and standards to reduce costs of capital and underwriting. Use of a consensus standard practice is expected to improve consistency and reduce risk for investors.4.3 Photovoltaic systems operate in harsh environments that are not typical for electrical equipment and generally inconsistent with electrical contractor experience. Documented processes are needed to ensure performance and durability of the systems over the long operating life.4.4 The goal of this practice is to implement processes to improve safety and reliability, reduce lifecycle costs (commonly referred to as Levelized Cost of Energy or LCOE), and encourage the development of feedback loops for continuous improvement of results.4.5 This practice may be applied during any or all phases of the PV System Lifecycle (refer to Section 5). A record of the activities carried out according to this practice shall be included in the Report (refer to Section 8).1.1 This practice details the minimum requirements for installation, commissioning, operations, and maintenance processes to ensure safe and reliable power generation for the expected life of the photovoltaic system. Specifically dealing with commercial photovoltaic installations, this practice covers a broad spectrum of designs and applications and is focused on the proper process to ensure quality.1.2 This practice does not cover the electrical aspects of installation found in existing and national codes and does not replace or supersede details of electrical installation covered by the same. The practice does address the integration of best practices into design and construction.1.3 This practice shall not dictate specific design criteria or favor any product or technology.1.4 This practice shall be focused on the proper, documented process required to build and operate a quality PV plant as defined in Section 3.1.5 Integration of best practices shall be relevant to this standard and promote a mechanism for rapid evolution and reaction to changes or events. Conformity assessment for PV power plants is being developed through the IEC System for Certification to Standards Relating to Equipment for Use in Renewable Energy Applications (IECRE System). Sandia Labs has developed several model documents that may be adopted as acceptable consensus standards through other standards development organizations.1.6 The standard is divided into three key areas:1.6.1 Design, engineering, and construction of the PV plant. Systems should be designed with operation and maintenance (O&M) in mind. Further standards should be developed for building integrated or building mounted systems, modules with embedded power electronics, lightweight flexible modules, or other specific components.1.6.2 Commissioning, testing, and approval for power generation (Utility Witness Testing). Standards for owner acceptance will also be addressed.1.6.3 O&M of the PV plant including performance monitoring, periodic inspection, preventive maintenance, and periodic re-commissioning.1.7 Safety and hazard considerations unique to this application, such as worker fall protection, electrical exposure, accessibility of modules, and roof clearance (around the perimeter of the array) are addressed by other codes, standards, or authorities having jurisdiction.1.8 This practice provides guidelines for minimum processes required and must be used in conjunction with applicable codes and standards, government regulations, manufacturer requirements, and best practices.1.9 This practice is not intended to replace or supersede any other applicable local codes, standards or Licensed Design Professional instructions for a given installation.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Introduction—Mu numbers (friction values) measured by CFME can be used as guidelines for evaluating the surface friction deterioration of runway pavements and for identifying appropriate corrective actions required for safe aircraft operations. The original levels were based on the work of the FAA/AS-90-1 (3). The report states that based on friction values from a Mu Meter Mark II using Dunlop tires, and tests conducted by NASA in the 1970s using a Boeing 727, Table 1 of Mu Meter friction level classifications for runway pavement surfaces was established for friction measurements at test speeds of 65 km/hr. Additionally, tests were conducted again with the Mu Meter Mark II outfitted with the Dico tire at 95 km/h. Then a second-order correlation was performed for the Mu Meter operating at 95 km/h and at 65 km/h resulting in the values shown in Table 2. These values were then fixed and used with correlations of other CFMEs to establish the present maintenance levels given in Table 3.2 of FAA Advisory Circular AC/150/5320-12. From the Wallops 1993 data, the IFI values were calculated and the 65 km/hr data in Table 2 was used to calculate the FM60 value for each level. The data for the two speeds for the four CFMEs in the FAA report (3) were used to establish the SMp values for each level. Then a new level, New Grooved, was added based on the differences of grooved and un-grooved sites at the NASA Wallops test facility. Table 3 is a list of these values to be the standard values FM60 and SMp for any future calibration of CFME. 5.2 Airports—Routine testing is carried out in order to obtain data for scheduling remedial work on the runway surface. A single run on either side of the centerline may be regarded as sufficient or a set of runs covering the whole width of the runway may be preferred. At 3 m spacing, the friction map which can be prepared from a set of runs of this kind provides excellent information on rubber buildup and surface polishing. Standard test speeds are typically 65 km/hr or 95 km/hr and standard test water film thickness is typically 1 mm. 1.1 This practice covers the method of calculating frictional values from correlations of continuous friction measurement equipment (CFME), using the Specification E1551 tire, for use in performing airport summer maintenance evaluations. 1.2 The practice is intended to provide a unified friction index of levels for use in harmonizing the output of devices. 1.3 Airport operators use a variety of CFMEs to assess the friction levels of their paved runway surfaces. The measurements are used to determine when the surfaces should be considered for or subjected to maintenance. However, many are built differently and produce different values when measuring the same pavement surfaces. This practice provides a method to harmonize these measurements so that the friction values generated can be used to determine the maintenance requirements as established by the operating authority. 1.4 The practice provides correlations for four maintenance levels of friction: New Design/Construction with grooves, New Design/Construction without grooves, Maintenance Planning, and Minimum Acceptable. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 ASTM International takes no position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The overall objective of this practice is to provide recommendations for the systematic acquisition of image data that indicate the health condition of the wear-sensitive SPW in PBF-LB/M machines. These data may allow a user to determine calibration and maintenance cycles based on the actual health condition of the SPW.4.2 The recommendations are intended for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) of PBF-LB/M machines to provide guidance for the implementation of sensor systems to acquire spatially resolved data about the health condition of the SPW.4.3 The recommendations are intended for users of PBF-LB/M machines to provide guidance for the assessment of the actual health condition of the SPW to:4.3.1 Flag when a calibration or maintenance of the optical system is needed and alert the user or OEM to perform the calibration or maintenance and4.3.2 Generate statistical estimates for the useful life, or critical health state, of the SPW based on data recorded over the long term. The statistics may be used to derive maintenance cycles that allow a better utilization of the useful life of the SPW than current predetermined maintenance cycles.1.1 This practice provides:1.1.1 Recommendations for the design and integration of an area scan camera system (referred to as “camera system”) into a laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) machine to assess the health condition of the scanner protective window (SPW),1.1.2 Recommendations for data acquisition with the aforementioned system,1.1.3 Description of a methodology for processing the aforementioned data, and1.1.4 Recommendation on ex-situ measurements of laser beam parameters and part properties suitable for labeling of the processed condition data.1.2 Many of the operational descriptions included in this practice are intended as general overviews. They may not present the detailed information required.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice describes the minimum information to be provided by the manufacturer or seller to the buyer or end user related to the wearing, care, and maintenance of chemical protective clothing. Adherence to this practice allows written information to be provided with the protective clothing to purchasers by means of labels (such as labels complying with Practice F1301), pamphlets, or other documents.4.2 Not every element of this practice may be applicable to all chemical protective clothing components or configurations. It is the manufacturer’s or seller’s responsibility to determine which portions of this practice, and the corresponding requirements, are applicable to their chemical protective clothing products. For informational requirements that are not applicable because of the nature of the product and intended use, the manufacturer or seller is to indicate and describe those portions or requirements that are not applicable.4.3 All information related to wearing, decontamination, care, and maintenance are required to be written in a manner so that the end user can readily understand the details. To emphasize important limitations, bold lettering and explicit warning terminology (for example, signal words such as ‘danger,’ ‘warning,’ and ‘caution’ (described in ANSI Z535.4)) are to be used. Where possible, pictograms and illustrations are required to convey specific instructions. In addition, the use of symbols, such as those provided in the care of textile products in Guide D5489, are appropriate for indicating specific care procedures used in cleaning protective clothing where applicable.1.1 This practice describes the recommended minimum information to be conveyed by the manufacturers or sellers to buyers or end users for the wearing, care, and maintenance of chemical protective clothing.1.1.1 This practice does not cover specific instructions for how to select and when to use protective clothing or design requirements.1.1.2 This practice does not apply to protective clothing that is solely intended for protection against flame and thermal hazards.1.2 Information provided by this practice aids organizations that select and use chemical protective clothing in their implementation of requirements established in Sections 10 and 11 of Practice F1461.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 The guide provides information and clarity to support the health and maintenance of Marine Sanitation Devices (MSDs) on maritime vessels and platforms to promote effective operations and performance throughout the lifecycle. This includes identification of chemicals and their derivatives that can be detrimental to proper MSD operations. This guide will promote better understanding of the impacts of certain chemicals on the health and operations of MSD systems, plus provide guidance to inform operators of best practices and procedures for effective operations and maintenance. This guide is designed to assist both operators and MSD Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) in collaboratively working to ensure effective operations and maintenance, and to reduce performance degradations that result from the introduction of harmful chemicals. The primary application of this guide is to Type II MSDs (described in Section 4), installed on larger ships and employing biological treatment of sewage and gray water.NOTE 1: This guide does not constitute regulations or ship classification society rules, which should be consulted where applicable.1.2 Manufacturers preparing new product specifications or revising existing ones should follow the practices and procedures outlined herein, and be guided by the latest specifications covering similar commodities. Similarly, vessel owner/operators should consult this guide regarding in-service operations and maintenance.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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