4.1 This guide establishes the minimum level of training required to provide awareness-level knowledge for personnel operating in and around the areas and operations listed in 1.1.4.2 This guide may be used by individuals and AHJs that wish to identify the minimum training standards for land-based personnel operating in and around these areas and operations.4.3 A person trained to this guide is considered to be aware of the hazards and risks associated with these areas and operations.4.4 A person trained solely to this guide is not considered a “searcher,” “rescuer,” or both.4.5 This guide may be used to augment other training for a searcher and/or rescuer.4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is only an outline of some of the topics required for training or evaluating a searcher and/or rescuer, although it can be used to develop a training document or program.4.7 It is the responsibility of the AHJ to determine the depth or detail of training needed to meet its training requirements.4.8 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements.4.9 This guide does not stand alone but must be used with the reference documents to provide the specific minimum training needed by a ground searcher and/or rescuer operating in these areas.4.10 This guide can be used as a reference for training of searchers, rescuers, or both.4.11 The information presented in the following sections is not in any particular order and does not represent a training sequence.4.12 It is the responsibility of the AHJ to determine the evaluation process to assess a person’s knowledge. This may be by written exam, oral exam, demonstration, or some other means specified by the AHJ.1.1 This guide is intended for training those who normally work in natural environments, solely subject to terrain and weather-related risks, who may be asked to respond to, or who may encounter, the operations defined in 1.2.1.2 This guide identifies and describes hazardous situations and environments, and the associated risks affecting search and rescue personnel who may be working on or around the following:1.2.1 Landsearch;1.2.2 Land rescue;1.2.3 Structural collapse;1.2.4 Rope rescues;1.2.5 Confined spaces;1.2.6 Water, both still and moving; and1.2.7 Trench or excavation collapse.1.3 The knowledge conveyed in this guide is intended to enable search and rescue (SAR) personnel to recognize situations that may require skills or capabilities they have not been trained to perform. This understanding will allow them to seek more knowledgeable personnel to mitigate the hazard and perform such rescues or other activities required to complete their mission.1.4 This guide is not intended to suggest that all search and rescue personnel must have the training identified within it. However, wherever the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) deems this training to be appropriate, this document can be used as a guide.1.5 The AHJ shall determine what level of training constitutes sufficient competence for search and rescue personnel to enter areas, or carry out missions, which include the hazards described in this guide.1.6 This guide identifies some of the known disciplines of SAR and their associated hazards. It does not, however, attempt to list all hazards or risks of which a person must be aware to operate safely and effectively in and around any of the areas listed in 1.1.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Introduction of robots to the responder's cache for use in urban search and rescue missions may have an impact on the logistical planning for the response teams. Additional volume and weight shall be stored and transported to the response site. Additional preparation time shall be allotted to ready the robot for deployment. The tools that are taken to the field may need to be augmented to service the robots. Once the robot is ready for deployment, it shall be transported from the base of operations to the mission zone. Responders may have to carry the robot and its controller or may have to provide some other transportation mechanism if it is too heavy.5.2 This practice is designed to appraise the impact in terms of logistical considerations for a response organization.1.1 This practice covers the requirement that urban search and rescue robots and all necessary associated components or equipment (for example, operator control station, power sources, spare parts, sensors, manipulators, tools, and so forth) shall complement the response organization’s cache packaging and transportation systems.1.2 Shipment by ground, air, or marine should be considered.1.3 Volume, weight, shipping classification, and deployability of the robots and associated components are considered in this practice.1.3.1 The deployability is considered through the determination of:1.3.1.1 The length of time required to prepare the robot system for deployment, and1.3.1.2 The types of tools required for servicing the robot system in the field.1.3.2 Associated components or equipment include not only all the onboard sensors, tethers, and operator control station, but also any spare parts and specialized tools needed for assembly, disassembly, and field servicing.1.3.3 Associated components also include power equipment necessary for the operation of the system, such as batteries, chargers, and power converters. Gasoline, diesel, or other types of liquid fuel are not included.1.4 The packaged items shall support the operational availability of the robot during a deployment of up to ten days. There shall be no resupply within the first 72 h of deployment.1.5 No such standards currently exist except for those relevant to shipping (for example, CFR Title 49 and International Air Transport Association (IATA) documents).1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This specification covers the basic data formats to be used by search and rescue computer applications programs (software) for import from and export to other programs.1.2 Additional data or word processing formats may be supported by search and rescue programs.

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4.1 This guide establishes the minimum standard for training a Helicopter SAR Technician, who is a crewmember with focus on the general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to function within a helicopter in support of an inland search and rescue operation. A person trained to this guide shall be recognized as a Helicopter SAR Technician crewmember.4.2 Every person who is identified as a Helicopter SAR Technician shall meet the requirements of this guide.4.3 This guide is to be used by individuals and authorities having jurisdiction (AHJs) that wish to identify the minimum training standards for Helicopter SAR Technician.4.4 This guide is the first level of training for Helicopter SAR Ttechnician and as such, only establishes the minimum knowledge and skills required to perform during helicopter operations.4.5 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Helicopter SAR Technician, and it can be used to develop a training document or program.4.6 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific information needed by a Helicopter SAR Technician.4.7 Though this guide establishes the minimum standards, it does not imply that a Helicopter SAR Technician is “in training,” “on probation,” or in any other similar AHJ member status. It is up to the AHJ to determine the requirements and qualifications for member ratings.4.8 The knowledge, skills, and abilities requirements presented in the following sections are not presented in any particular order and do not represent any specific training sequence.4.9 A Helicopter SAR Technician shall meet the ASTM standards for the environments for which the technician will be working and shall be able to interface with ground SAR resources.4.9.1 In order to operate safely around or in a given sub-environment within this area of specialization (Helicopter SAR Technician), the AHJ shall consider the applicability of requiring additional knowledge, skills, and abilities specific to a problem, hazard, technical challenge or environment.1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training standard for a helicopter inland search and rescue technician (hereafter known as Helicopter SAR Technician) with focus on the general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to function as a member of the crew with a helicopter in support of an inland search and rescue operation.1.2 This guide is focused on inland, non-oceanic areas of operation, including flood and swiftwater rescue operations.1.3 This guide is focused on persons functioning as a crewmember with helicopters only; no fixed-winged operations are included.1.4 General, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge and skills related to inland search and rescue are found in the following referenced ASTM documents: F1591, F1633, F1739, F1846, F2209, F2685, and F2751. The training identified in this guide supplements and enhances the search and rescue technician’s existing training, knowledge, and skills.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Because of the many unique requirements of permit-required confined space rescue operations and the specific construction and composition of some confined spaces, hardline communications systems may be the only type that will meet the requirements for working within these spaces. Some of these requirements are set forth in Federal Regulation and some by safe operating procedures developed for working in confined spaces by industry.4.2 This guide is not meant to preclude the use of other types of communication systems in confined-space rescue.1.1 This guide covers recommended criteria for the selection of hardwire communication systems for use in permit-required confined-space rescue operations.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This guide establishes a recommended procedure for utilizing an ice staff as a self-rescue technique on ice.3.2 All persons who are identified as ice rescuers shall meet the requirements of this guide.3.3 This guide will assist government agencies; state, local, or regional organizations; fire departments; rescue teams; and others who are responsible for establishing a minimum performance for personnel who respond to ice emergencies.3.4 This guide is not intended to be used in isolation, but as a component guide acknowledging many skills and techniques needed to respond at a cold water and ice emergency.3.5 An ice rescuer shall be wearing an immersion suit, drysuit with PFD, or equivalent cold water protection and buoyancy to perform these rescues.3.6 An ice rescuer shall carry a set of ice awls along with the ice staff as a backup technique.1.1 This guide describes the self-rescue technique on ice utilizing an ice staff.1.2 This guide is one in a series of self-rescue techniques for the ice rescuer.1.3 Individuals who will operate in the cold water or ice rescue setting need to be aware of the equipment and physical requirements necessary to be able to perform all identified objectives and necessary skills in the setting.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This guide establishes a recommended procedure for utilizing ice awls as a self rescue technique on ice.3.2 All persons who are identified as ice rescuers shall meet the requirements of this guide.3.3 This guide will assist government agencies; state, local or regional organizations; fire departments; rescue teams; and others who are responsible for establishing a minimum performance for personnel who respond to ice emergencies.3.4 This guide is not intended to be used in isolation, but as a component guide acknowledging many skills and techniques needed to respond at a cold water and ice emergency.3.5 An ice rescuer shall be wearing an immersion suit, drysuit with PFD, or equivalent cold-water protection and buoyancy to perform these rescues.1.1 This guide covers the self-rescue technique on ice utilizing the ice awl.1.2 This guide is one of a series of self-rescue techniques for the ice rescuer.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This guide will give SAR personnel options in choosing a form that will fit their specific need. These forms will assist in the organization, management, and documentation of a search or rescue incident.3.2 Additional forms will be categorized by topics such as management, investigation, training documentation, equipment maintenance, and reports. This guide will compare the original ICS forms with samples of those developed to parallel them for SAR.3.3 Once categorized, an explanation will be given for each type of form. Some examples of these forms will be shown. Some contributors have included detailed instruction for the use of their forms.3.4 This guide may serve as the basis for new forms to be created using some information found here.1.1 This guide gives examples of forms used in the SAR community.1.2 It is not the intent of this guide to recommend one form over another, but to make the user aware of the many different types of forms used. This guide does not purport to contain every form used in SAR, only a few examples of forms in each category.1.3 These forms cover a great variety of the many aspects involved in SAR. This guide will attempt to give a few versions of forms used for each aspect identified. The user may choose which form best fits his particular need.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 Whistle signals are a simple and effective means of communication between rescuers and those operating a rope-raising or rope-lowering system. They may be used as a primary means of communication or as a backup when radios fail or when ambient noise makes them unintelligible.3.2 These same signals can be used in non-rescue situations, for example, by persons rappelling in caves.1.1 This guide covers the methodology for the use of whistles as a means of communication during rope rescue operations.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide is applicable to all water rescue situations. The water situation, weather situation, and size of rescuer, will dictate what type of PFD to utilize.4.2 This guide will assist government agencies; state, local, or regional organizations; fire departments; rescue teams; and others who are responsible for purchasing and equipping personnel who respond to water emergencies.4.3 This guide establishes criteria that shall be considered in the performance, specification, purchase, and acceptance testing of a water rescue PFD.1.1 This guide covers the minimum performance and safety requirements of a water rescue lifejacket/PFD (Personal Flotation Device).1.2 In recognition of many broad and varied applications of such PFD's, many options are included.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This standard may be used to classify sUAS resources utilized for land search and rescue.4.2 Classification of sUAS land search and rescue resources is based upon the complete sUAS including payload, communications systems.4.2.1 This classification identifies the mechanical features of the sUAS platform and does not account for the pilot's/operator's skill in performing specific tasks.4.3 UAS land search and rescue resources are classified by Category, Kind, and Type.4.4 A sUAS land search and rescue resource may be more than one Category.4.5 A sUAS land search and rescue resource may be more than one Kind.4.6 A particular Kind of sUAS land search and rescue resource can only be one Type for a given Category or Kind.1.1 This classification defines small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS) land search and rescue resources in terms of their capabilities.1.1.1 This classification is not intended to classify small UAS utilized in urban search and rescue.1.1.2 This classification is not intended to classify small UAS utilized in disaster response.1.2 The classifications in this standard are intended to aid emergency managers ordering resources for search and rescue incidents. These classifications provide a means by which resource managers and sUAS pilots/operators can convey to emergency management the tasks for which their systems are capable of performing.1.2.1 This classification is designed for incidents at the local and state level and is not intended to encompass federal or military resources.1.3 This classification does not define standards of performance or training for sUAS systems and operators engaged in search and rescue.1.3.1 Guides that address the general airworthiness of sUAS systems are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F38 on Unmanned Aircraft Systems and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F38.01 on Airworthiness.1.3.2 Guides that address the general flight operations of sUAS systems are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F38 on Unmanned Aircraft Systems and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F38.02 on Flight Operations.1.3.3 Guides that address the general training, qualifications, and certifications of sUAS personnel are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F38 on Unmanned Aircraft Systems and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F38.03 on Personnel Training, Qualification and Certification.1.3.4 Guides that specifically address sUAS standards for personnel training and operations in the specific attributes for land search and rescue will fall under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search and Rescue and will remain compliant with those standards prepared by ASTM Committee F38 on Unmanned Aircraft Systems.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the tests and corresponding performance and design requirements for climbing harnesses used in the sports of rock, ice, and snow climbing. Three types of harnesses are covered by this specification: full body harnesses, sit harnesses, and chest harnesses. Representative samples of harnesses shall be tested for minimum strength to evaluate their suitability for use in climbing.1.1 This specification covers harnesses for human use in technical rope rescue and climbing, mountaineering, caving, canyoneering, and other rope-based sport activities. It establishes requirements for the testing, performance, and marking of harnesses and for the instructions that are supplied with them.1.2 This specification may contain test methods that do not entirely simulate real-life situations. The test methods are designed to give reproducible results in a laboratory and, thereby, a means for product comparison.1.3 Three types of harnesses are covered by this specification: full body harnesses, sit harnesses, and chest harnesses.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This terminology document is a compilation of definitions of terms, abbreviations, and acronyms that are unique to climbing, mountaineering, search and rescue collected in order to provide consistency in communication when used in actual operations, training, literature, and the statistical basis for rating a product's performance dealing with this field.

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1.1 This terminology document is a compilation of definitions of terms, abbreviations, and acronyms used in the search and rescue field collected in order to provide consistency in communication when used in actual operations, training, and literature dealing with this field.

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4.1 This guide establishes the minimum standard for training Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.4.2 This guide is to be used by individuals and AHJs that wish to identify the minimum training required for a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader.4.3 Every person who is identified as a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader shall have met the requirements in this guide.4.4 It is the responsibility of the AHJ to determine the depth or detail of training needed to meet the requirements in this guide and it may include additional requirements for its own members.4.5 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader. It can, however, be used to develop, or as part of, a training document or program.4.6 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide specific information needed by a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader.4.7 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader. Likewise, this guide may be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.4.8 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order, and do not represent a training sequence.4.9 The AHJ will determine the evaluation process to assess a person’s knowledge. This may be by written exam, oral exam, demonstration, or other means specified by the AHJ.1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training for Land SAR Strike Team/Task Force Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.1.2 A Land SAR Strike Team Leader/Task Force Leader is responsible for direct supervision, general leadership, wellness, and safety of multiple SAR teams and resources operating on all land and water environments, including intertidal areas, but not oceans or swiftwater.1.3 Type I-IV teams which may utilize personnel trained to this guide are Kind A (wilderness), Kind B (urban), and Kind C (mountainous/alpine), Kind D (disaster/collapse), Kind E (inland water), Kind G (cave), Kind H (mine), Kind I (avalanche), Kind J (evidence/cadaver), Kind K (aircraft), and/or Kind L (unclassified). See Classification F1993.1.4 A Land SAR Strike Team Leader/Task Force Leader may work in remote areas including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost their infrastructure.1.5 Further training may be required depending on the regulations or policies of the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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