This specification covers all single-use clinical thermometer probe covers and sheaths intended for use with any clinical thermometer. Requirements are given for safety, toxicity, handling, labeling, and physical integrity. Testing procedures for appropriate requirements and a glossary of terms used are provided. Toxicity test, leakage test, and compatibility test shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.1.1 This specification covers all single-use clinical thermometer probe covers and sheaths intended for use with any clinical thermometer. Requirements are given for safety, toxicity, handling, labeling, and physical integrity. Testing procedures for appropriate requirements and a glossary of terms used within the standards are provided.1.2 The requirements contained herein are intended to ensure adequate isolation of the patient from the temperature-measuring device. In addition, the safety and health of the patient shall not be adversely affected. When used in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, the probe cover, sheath, and temperature-measuring device shall remit correct temperature readings as required in Specifications E667 and E1112.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Each weighting factor given in Table 1 represents the fraction of overall speech intelligence contained within the associated one-third octave frequency band.4.2 The weighting factors in Table 1 are obtained by multiplying each individual one-third octave band weighting factor of ANSI S3.5-1969 by 300. Articulation class (AC) values are thus related to but distinctly different from articulation index (AI) values. In particular, the AC considers only the effect of signal attenuation; while the AI considers such additional factors as speech level and spectrum and background sound level and spectrum.NOTE 2: The AC is similar to the DAI rating proposed by Warnock6 and has been shown to correlate with AI values derived from ANSI S3.5, except where the AI approaches 1 or 0 (AI values range between 1 and 0 and approach 0 with increasing privacy and nonintelligibility). Articulation class values give the reverse. They usually exceed 100 and increase with increasing privacy and nonintelligibility. Extensive comparison between AC ratings and subjective judgments of open-plan speech privacy has not yet been accomplished.1.1 This classification provides a single figure rating that can be used for comparing building systems and subsystems for speech privacy purposes. The rating is designed to correlate with transmitted speech intelligence between office spaces.1.2 Excluded from the scope of this classification are applications involving female speakers or children,2 languages other than English, and sound spectra other than speech. Thus excluded, for example, would be comparisons of building systems or subsystems for their effectiveness in reducing transmitted noise from machinery, industrial processes, bowling alleys, music rooms, places of entertainment, and the like.NOTE 1: Published work by Pearsons, et al, may eventually permit the restriction on female speakers to be relaxed.31.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Providing speech privacy in open-plan spaces depends upon many factors, the most significant of which are the following: (1) the shadow zone of part-height space dividers and the diffraction of sound from the edges of space dividers; (2) the primary sound reflective properties of the ceiling system; (3) the level of masking sound present in the space; and (4) the distance between speaker and listener. Guide E1374 provides additional detail on the factors contributing to speech privacy in open-plan spaces.5.2 In this test method the third factor, masking sound, is eliminated and the fourth factor, the distance between speaker and listener, is standardized for all specimen types. For the measurement of ceiling systems, the first factor, the shadow zone, is also standardized for each divider height used. Experience has indicated that results obtained by this test method may not fairly represent the speech privacy that may be achievable with non-flat ceiling systems. For the measurement of furniture panels used as acoustical barriers, the second of these factors, the sound reflectance of the ceiling, is standardized. For the measurement of reflective and absorptive vertical surfaces used as wall finishings or furniture panels, the first and second factors are standardized and all paths between the speaker and listener reflecting only off of the ceiling are eliminated.5.3 This test method provides standardized techniques to assess the contribution of specific components of an open-plan space. The test method specifies an acoustical testing environment for each component type that isolates its contribution from the contribution of other components, which may in actual open-plan environments contribute significantly to the overall speech privacy.5.4 The significance of test results obtained by this test method must also be considered with regard to the attainable measurement accuracy. The attainment of speech privacy in the presence of masking sound is critically dependent upon sound level of the speech relative to the masking sound; a change as small as 2 dB in either the speech or masking sound may change the privacy from significant to insignificant. The normally accepted test accuracies for sound attenuation measurements may be inadequate to evaluate components having marginal interzone attenuation performance for open-office needs.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the interzone attenuation for three components of open-plan spaces:1.1.1 Ceiling systems when used in conjunction with partial-height space dividers. This arrangement is commonly used in offices to achieve speech privacy between work zones in the absence of full-height partitions. This test method is applicable to any ceiling configuration, including, for example, a pattern of sound-reflective panels in an otherwise sound-absorptive ceiling. This test method generally requires use of a fixed space divider height of 1.50 m [5 ft]. In recognition of trends toward alternate divider heights in open office environments, measurements with an alternate divider height may be conducted in accordance with this standard.1.1.2 Furniture panels used as acoustical barriers in open-plan spaces to provide speech privacy or sound isolation between working positions.1.1.3 Vertical panels, including wall finishes such as sound-absorbent panels, and furniture panels or screens which may reflect sound. It may not be applicable to such items as window finishes or furniture other than panels if these differ significantly from flat wall panels.1.1.4 The combination of results from the various components of an open-plan office is beyond the scope of this standard.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.3 Unless otherwise qualified, all dimensions specified in this test method shall be understood to have a tolerance of ±6 mm (±1/4 in.) The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method provides a guide for evaluating emulsification characteristics of pesticide emulsifiable concentrates. It defines the stability of emulsified particles in water. Although not absolute, the test method is a measure of expected emulsion stability in agricultural application equipment.1.1 This test method describes a general procedure for the determination of emulsification spontaneity and the emulsion stability characteristics of pesticide emulsifiable concentrates when diluted with water.1.2 Proper safety and hygiene precautions must be taken when working with pesticide formulations to prevent skin or eye contact, vapor inhalation, and environmental contamination. Read and follow all handling instructions for the specific formulation and conduct the test in accordance with good laboratory practice.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The payback method is part of a family of economic evaluation methods that provide measures of economic performance of an investment. Included in this family of evaluation methods are life-cycle costing, benefit-to-cost and savings-to-investment ratios, net benefits, and internal rates of return.5.2 The payback method accounts for all monetary values associated with an investment up to the time at which cumulative net benefits, discounted to present value, just pay off initial investment costs.5.3 Use the method to find if a project recovers its investment cost and other accrued costs within its service life or within a specified maximum acceptable payback period (MAPP) less than its service life. It is important to note that the decision to use the payback method should be made with care. (See Section 11 on Limitations.)1.1 This practice provides a recommended procedure for calculating and applying the payback method in evaluating building designs and building systems.1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 The sound transmission loss provided by a material that covers a flat surface depends not only on the physical properties of the material but also on the type of structure to which it is mounted and the mounting method used.3.2 Naval and marine architects and design engineers require specific transmission loss characteristics of acoustical treatment materials as they would exhibit installed on a ship's structure. The mounting structure and procedures specified in these practices are intended to simulate such a shipboard environment.3.3 Test reports may refer to this mounting by Practices E1123 instead of providing a detailed description of the mounting used.1.1 These practices describe test specimen mountings to be used for naval and marine ship applications during sound transmission loss tests performed in accordance with Test Method E90.1.2 The structure specified in these practices is intended for mounting of single-layer treatments or composite treatments consisting of various materials and configurations. Acoustical treatment materials may be combinations of acoustical absorbent materials, limp mass septums, and insulation materials.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The function and operation of equipment in the field often preclude the measurement of the free-field sound pressure levels of a single piece of equipment in the absence of interfering sound from other equipment operating at the same time. The two-surface method will provide, in most cases, a reliable estimate of the normal sound power levels of a specimen operating in an adverse environment.5.2 This test method is intended for use in the field in the presence of what is normally regarded as interfering background noise. This test method is based upon the work of Hubner 5,6 and Diehl,7 but differs from all other current sound power measurement procedures by requiring simultaneous measurement at both conformal surfaces and by resolving time-averaged sound pressure levels at both surfaces to within 0.1 dB. These two features, simultaneous recording and 0.1dB resolution, enable source sound power to be calculated when the direct sound field of the source is actually lower in level than the ambient noise.5.3 The use of this test method is expected to be primarily for the relative assessment of the sound power from similar sources or for the prediction of sound levels in a plant based upon measurements of similar sources in another plant. This test method is believed to be capable of yielding a reasonably good estimate of absolute power level with proper care of application and full conformance to the provisions of this procedure.5.4 The two-surface method is applicable only when the two measurement surfaces can be physically selected to produce positive values of the difference in average sound pressure level. That is, the inner surface sound pressure level minus the outer surface sound pressure level must be at least +0.1 dB. This limitation applies to each frequency band and each constituent surface area investigated. Only the frequency band in which a zero or negative difference occurs is it considered invalid and usually adjacent bands will be valid. In practice, only rarely will all three one-third octave bands of a given octave yield invalid data at all constituent areas. Therefore, less than complete results are permissible when one-third octave analysis is used and full octave results are reported.5.5 The two-surface method may not produce results when testing some very large machines in very reverberant rooms or in rooms having a volume less than about 20 times the space enclosed by an envelope around the larger dimensions of the machine. In such cases, the sound pressure level close to the machine may not decrease in any regular way with increasing distance from a machine surface, making it impossible to select two measurement surfaces producing positive differences of sound pressure level.1.1 This test method covers the field, or in situ measurement of sound power level by the two-surface method. The test method is designed to minimize the effects of reverberant conditions, directivity of the noise source under consideration, and the effects of ambient noise from other nearby equipment operating at the same time.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 These practices and criteria were developed for occupational exposures. They are intended to (1) protect against clinical disease from exposure to respirable crystalline silica, (2) be measurable by techniques that are valid, reproducible, and readily available, and (3) be attainable with existing technology and protective practices.1.1 This practice covers a description of several actions that should be taken to reduce the risk of harmful occupational exposures to humans in environments containing respirable crystalline silica. This practice is intended for, but not limited to, industries regulated by the U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) and the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). A separate practice designed for the unique conditions of the construction industry has been designated Practice E2625.1.2 Nothing in this practice shall be interpreted as requiring any action that violates any statute or requirement of any federal, state, or other regulatory agency.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 The test procedure in this practice is proposed as a package performance test to be met for items shipped for United States government procurements. This practice will apply only when requested by the buyer.1.1 This practice describes the procedures for testing loaded shipping containers that would be sold to the United States government. The following tests are performed to measure the ability of the shipping container to protect the contents from the environment, shock, and vibration during wartime conditions. This practice is not intended to supplant material specifications or existing pre-shipment test procedures. The suitability of this practice for use with hazardous materials has not been determined.1.2 The procedures covered in this practice are suitable for all types of laboratory apparatus including reusable and disposable macro and micro products.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Acoustic emission examination of a structure requires application of a mechanical or thermal stimulus. In this case, the system operating conditions provide the stimulation. During operation of the pressurized system, AE from active discontinuities such as cracks or from other acoustic sources such as leakage of high-pressure, high-temperature fluids can be detected by an instrumentation system using sensors mounted on the structure. The sensors are acoustically coupled to the surface of the structure by means of a couplant material or pressure on the interface between the sensing device and the structure. This facilitates the transmission of acoustic energy to the sensor. When the sensors are excited by acoustic emission energy, they transform the mechanical excitations into electrical signals. The signals from a detected AE source are electronically conditioned and processed to produce information relative to source location and other parameters needed for AE source characterization and evaluation.5.2 AE monitoring on a continuous basis is a currently available method for continuous surveillance of a structure to assess its continued integrity. The use of AE monitoring in this context is to identify the existence and location of AE sources. Also, information is provided to facilitate estimating the significance of the detected AE source relative to continued pressure system operation.5.3 Source location accuracy is influenced by factors that affect elastic wave propagation, by sensor coupling, and by signal processor settings.5.4 It is possible to measure AE and identify AE source locations of indications that cannot be detected by other NDT methods, due to factors related to methodological, material, or structural characteristics.5.5 In addition to immediate evaluation of the AE sources, a permanent record of the total data collected (AE plus pressure system parameters measured) provides an archival record which can be re-evaluated.1.1 This practice provides guidelines for continuous monitoring of acoustic emission (AE) from metal pressure boundaries in industrial systems during operation. Examples are pressure vessels, piping, and other system components which serve to contain system pressure. Pressure boundaries other than metal, such as composites, are specifically not covered by this document.1.2 The functions of AE monitoring are to detect, locate, and characterize AE sources to provide data to evaluate their significance relative to pressure boundary integrity. These sources are those activated during system operation, that is, no special stimulus is applied to produce AE. Other methods of nondestructive testing (NDT) may be used, when the pressure boundary is accessible, to further evaluate or substantiate the significance of detected AE sources.1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standards.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This is a compilation of only those terms and corresponding definitions included in or being considered for inclusion in ASTM documents relating to thermophysical properties. It is not intended as an all-inclusive listing of thermophysical property terms. Terms that are generally understood or defined adequately in other readily available sources are not included.1.2 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in a Discussion.1.3 Definitions of terms specific to a particular field (such as dynamic mechanical measurements) are identified with an italicized introductory phrase.1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is used to evaluate the applicability of other ASTM test methods to a photovoltaic device.5.2 The procedure described in this test method is intended to be used to determine the degree of linearity between the short-circuit current of a photovoltaic device and the irradiance level incident on the device. This test method can be used for other device parameters, provided the function passes through the origin.1.1 This test method determines the degree of linearity of a photovoltaic device parameter with respect to a test parameter, for example, short-circuit current with respect to irradiance.1.2 The linearity determined by this test method applies only at the time of testing, and implies no past or future performance level.1.3 This test method applies only to non-concentrator terrestrial photovoltaic devices.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test method shall be used to determine if a chemical intended for use as a non-food contact sanitizer or as a one-step cleaner-sanitizer provides percent reductions of the selected test organisms on treated carriers as compared to control.1.1 This test method is used to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of sanitizers on precleaned, inanimate, hard, nonporous, non-food contact surfaces against Staphylococcus aureus, or Klebsiella pneumoniae or Klebsiella aerogenes, or a combination thereof. Appropriate modifications to the method may be required when testing organisms not specified herein. When utilizing test surfaces not described herein (see Test Method E2274) or when evaluating spray-based or towelette-based antimicrobial products, modifications may also be required.1.2 This test method may also be used to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of one-step cleaner-sanitizer formulations recommended for use on lightly soiled, inanimate, nonporous, non-food contact surfaces.1.3 It is the responsibility of the investigator to determine whether Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) are required and to follow them where appropriate (see section 40 CFR, 160 or as revised.)1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, chemicals and microorganisms and should be performed only by persons who have had formal microbiological training. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers sampling and testing of laboratory glassware items for use until they are no longer considered functional for the intended purpose, and does not include disposable (single use) items. Four types of reusable laboratory glassware are covered, namely: blown and pressed glassware, nongraduated; blown and pressed glassware, graduated; tubular glassware, nongraduated; and tubular glassware, graduated. The product shall be designed to meet the specified test performance requirements. Alternate testing methods, inspection levels, and sample sizes may be implemented. Sampling shall be conducted in accordance with the specified inspection and examination levels and acceptance quality levels for major defects, minor defects, and dimensional examination. Where applicable, distilled water and reagent grade chemicals shall be used throughout the tests. Inspection shall be conducted in accordance with applicable section and individual specifications. The basic testing criteria for the following tests are detailed: (1) leakage test, (2) permanency of marking by alkali and acid tests, (3) capacity fill test, (4) autoclaving, (5) pour test, and (6) centrifugal test.1.1 This specification covers laboratory items for use until they are no longer considered functional for the intended purpose. It is written specifically for reusable items and is not to be confused with disposable (single use) items that are described in other standards.1.2 This specification covers the sampling inspection and basic testing criteria for the following four types of laboratory glassware: blown and pressed glassware, nongraduated;2 blown and pressed glassware, graduated;2 tubular glassware, nongraduated; and tubular glassware, graduated.1.3 This specification is intended to be used in conjunction with a standard specification for a specific laboratory glassware product.1.4 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers non-insulated platinum rhodium alloys (weight percent composition), and platinum thermo elements. The purity of platinum for use in the negative thermo element of Type R and Type S thermocouples shall be of a specific Grade, as specified. The purity of platinum before alloying for use in the positive thermo element of Type R, S, and both thermo elements of Type B shall also be of a certain grade, as specified. All material to be supplied shall consist of continuous lengths which shall be free of kinks and shall be round and smooth. Any pits or dents that exceed a certain percentage of the diameter shall be cause for rejection of the material. After material has been processed to its final diameter and prior to subsequent anneal, it shall be cleaned to remove all dirt, lubricant, fingerprints, or other foreign residue. The thermoelements shall be such that, when matched as a thermocouple, the EMF output shall meet the tolerance on the initial value of EMF versus temperature as specified.1.1 This specification covers non-insulated platinum-rhodium alloys (weight percent composition), and platinum thermoelements that meet the requirement of Specification E230/E230M and NIST Monograph 175.21.2 This specification does not cover platinum and platinum-rhodium materials, that require a higher purity than specified in 5.1, such as used for temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) measurements or standards type calibration. For requirements of this superior quality, it is suggested that suppliers of precious metals be contacted.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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