3.1 In production of paints, smoothness of the paint film is of paramount importance. Agglomerates or coarse particles larger than 45 μm are difficult to disperse and may prevent obtaining a smooth film. These test methods are a valuable quality control test for grading raw materials.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the amount of coarse particles in dry pigments.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 Zinc oxide functions as both a chemical and a pigment. It is used in a variety of applications including rubber, paint, reprography, glass, chemicals, etc. In paint, it contributes to mildew protection, ultraviolet absorption, hiding power, and neutralization of acids formed upon oxidation of the paint film.AbstractThis specification establishes the properties and requirements for the pigment commercially known as "zinc white" or zinc oxide, which may be purchased either in the dry or paste in oil forms. Dry pigments, which may be processed either by the French process or American process, shall conform individually to required compositions of zinc oxide, total sulfur, moisture and other volatile matter, total impurities (including moisture and other volatile matter), and coarse particles (total residue retained on a No. 325 sieve). Conversely, pigments in the paste in oil form shall adhere to required composition of the pigment, linseed oil, moisture and other volatile matter, and coarse particles and skins (total residue retained on a No. 325 sieve). Pigments shall also be tested for tinting strength, and oil absorption by Gardner-Coleman and spatula rub-out methods.1.1 This specification covers the pigments commercially known as “zinc white” or zinc oxide. The pigments may be purchased in the dry form or as a paste in oil.NOTE 1: Zinc oxides are used in many industries. For additional information, see Classification D4295 and Test Methods D4315 for descriptions of zinc oxide use in rubber compounding.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 High speed dispersion is a commonly used dispersion method in the coatings industry. For the purpose of this practice, “high speed” would normally be understood to be a range of RPM between 3 000 and 10 000. This practice provides a reference for its use, so that a producer and user can standardize on an incorporation technique. This will minimize differences in the millbase, and allow the interested parties to concentrate on the physical, chemical, or optical methods to be run.1.1 This practice covers the dispersion of pigments using a laboratory size high-speed impeller mill. It is similar in technical content to ISO 8780-3.NOTE 1: This practice is restricted to mill bases of moderately high viscosity due to either high vehicle concentration or high pigment concentration, or both, which can produce high shear force. It is not intended to provide a means of formulating either pilot plant or full-scale mill base compositions (scaling up the process from laboratory equipment to factory mills is not simple).1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle-size distribution in the sub-sieve size range of the common extender pigments such as aluminum silicate (kaolin clay), magnesium silicate (talc), calcium carbonate (calcite or dolomite or precipitated calcium carbonate), and mica pigments, and may also be extended to the denser prime pigments such as the white titanium pigments (rutile or anatase) and similar mineral pigments when and if such information is of concern. Particle-size distribution has significance in the evaluation of rheological and pigmentary properties of pigments in paint and also may sometimes be used to characterize the identity or grade of pigments. 1.2 Sedimentation methods having as their basis Stoke's law have found general acceptance for this purpose. Results are expressed in terms of equivalent spherical diameter (e.s.d.), the diameter of a sphere having the same specific gravity as the particle in question and which settles at the same rate. Most mineral pigment particles are more-or-less asymmetrical, but despite differences in the relationship between equivalent spherical diameter and actual dimensions, the results of a sedimentation particle-size analysis can be correlated readily with many pigment properties. 1.3 Procedures limited to gravitational sedimentation are relatively inaccurate for pigment particles smaller than about 1 [mu]m e.s.d., and centrifugal procedures may be required for the much finer ranges. Nevertheless, the data obtained above the 1 [mu]m limitation provide useful information. This method is particularly applicable to pigments if a major fraction of the particles fall in the range from about 15 to 1.5 [mu]m, but have a total particle-size range of at least two decades. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This specification covers aluminum pigments in powder and paste forms for use in paints. The aluminum pigments are available in four types, as follows: Type I, leafing powder; Type II, leafing paste; Type III, nonleafing powder; and Type IV, nonleafing paste. Each type is grouped into three classes based on residue retained on a No. 325 sieve, as follows: Class A, fine; Class B, medium; and Class C, coarse. Materials shall be sampled, tested, and conform accordingly to composition of non-volatile matter, easily extracted fatty and oily matter (polishing lubricant), total impurities other than fatty and oily matter, coarse particles as total residue retained, and leafing ability.1.1 This specification covers four types and three classes of aluminum pigments for use in paints.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification establishes the properties and requirements for chlorinated and chlorinated-brominated copper phthalocyanine green pigments in dry powder form, for use in paints, printing inks, and related products. The pigments may or may not phthalocyanine blue or other ingredients incorporated during manufacture to improve or alter the properties of the pigment, but free of any other coloring matter either organic or inorganic. Specimens shall be sampled and undergo tests as appropriate, and shall conform to the following properties: moisture and other volatile matter; mass color, tint character, and tinting strength; oil absorption; basic dye derivatives; chrome green and iron blue; and reaction in identification test.1.1 This specification covers chlorinated and chlorinated-brominated copper phthalocyanine green pigments in dry powder form, for use in paints, printing inks, and related products. A variety of commercial types are available to meet the requirements of different end uses.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The oil absorption value obtained by this test method provides information about the vehicle demand of the pigment when it is used in a pigment paste. Oil absorption values can be used to characterize batches of a given pigment.4.2 This test method differs from Test Method D281 in that D281 requires a vigorous rubbing action whereas this test method involves only a gentle stirring and folding of the pigment. Because the end points are different, the values obtained from the two test methods generally differ.1.1 This test method covers the determination of oil absorption of pigments by the Gardner-Coleman procedure.21.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method allows the user to make a determination of the blueness or yellowness of the tint undertone of titanium dioxide pigments, versus a reference pigment agreed upon by the parties to the test. This is an important measure of tone, since it gives both a measure of effective particle size, and quick approximation of the blue/yellow undertone that can be expected when a coating containing the titanium dioxide is tinted.5.2 Such matters as the vehicle for preparing the dispersions and the mechanical method of preparing the dispersion are left to the user. However, variation in these practices will lead to increased variance in the results, so users ought to fix these parameters, in-so-far as is possible, within any one laboratory. This will lead to reduced uncertainty of the results within that laboratory, and it is seldom that interlaboratory comparisons of this test result is needed.5.3 Each user must decide whether the loss of accuracy in his measurements due to variation of these parameters is negligibly small for the purpose for which the data are obtained.1.1 This test method is intended to be used to determine the tint undertone (blue or yellow) of titanium dioxide pigments. This relates to the effective particle size of the pigment1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 These test methods compile in one place, recommended procedures for analyzing inorganic colored pigments. These pigments are used extensively in paints, and for this reason their compositions are important to the formulators and user.1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the chemical analysis of yellow, orange, red, and brown pigments containing iron and manganese. The test methods apply specifically to the following pigments: synthetic hydrated yellow iron oxide, yellow ocher, red and brown iron oxides, raw and burnt umber, raw and burnt sienna, and venetian red.1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:    ASTM    Method    Refer-Dry Pigments  Sections encesMoisture and Other Volatile Matter  6  D280Loss on Ignition  7  Coarse Particles  8  D185Matter Soluble in Water  9  D1208Organic Coloring Matter 10  Iron Oxide 11 and 12  Calcium Compounds (Reported as CaO) 13 and 14  Sulfates Soluble in Hydrochloric Acid 15 and 16  Lead Chromate (in Ochers) 17  Calcium Carbonate (in Venetian Red) 18  C25Manganese (in Siennas and Umbers) 19 and 20   Pigment Pastes in Oil     Pigment Content 21  D1208Moisture and Other Volatile Matter 22  D1208Nonvolatile Matter in Vehicle 23  Moisture by Distillation 24  D1208Coarse Particles and Skins 25  D185Consistency (Stormer) 26  D5621.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to us.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This test method is used by black pigment producers and users for product acceptance.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the solvent-extractable material in black pigments such as carbon black, lampblack, and bone black.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 Zinc yellow is used in rust-inhibiting protective coatings and metal primers for ferrous and non-ferrous metals.AbstractThis specification covers zinc yellow (zinc chromate) pigments used in rust-inhibiting protective coatings and metal primers for ferrous and non-ferrous metals. The two types of pigments include: Type I and Type II. The pigment shall conform to the required composition for zinc, chromium, sulfates, chlorides, alkaline slats, matter insoluble in acetic acid, moisture and other volatile matter, and coarse particles. The following tests shall be conducted: chemical analysis, coarse particles, and mass color and tinting strength.1.1 This specification covers the pigments commercially known as zinc yellow (zinc chromate).1.2 Two types are included:1.2.1 Type I—High-purity, low sulfate and chloride content.1.2.2 Type II—Regular grade.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This test method is a way of testing the color and strength of pigments by use of a miniature sandmill. It correlates well with industrial practice and is used for routine quality control.1.1 This test method covers the determination, through the use of a miniature sandmill, of the color and strength of dry color pigments.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.

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1.1 These test methods cover para red and toluidine red pigments (toners) in the dry form commercially known as "pure."1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.>

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4.1 This test method is used by titanium dioxide pigment manufacturers and users for process control and product acceptance.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ratio of anatase to rutile in titanium dioxide pigments. The method is also applicable to pigment mixtures and pigmented coatings containing titanium dioxide.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers red and brown pigments of dry and wet ground natural iron oxide, dry and wet ground calcined natural iron oxide, and mixtures of these with synthetic iron oxides. These pigments are suitable for such applications as paints and coatings. Specimens shall be sampled and suitably undergo chemical analysis for total iron oxide, sulfur as sulfates, organic coloring matter, matter soluble in water, coarse particles in dry pigment, and moisture and other volatile matter. The pigments shall also conform to specified mass color, tint character, and tinting strength as mutually agreed upon between purchaser and seller.1.1 This specification covers dry and wet ground naturally occurring iron oxide, dry and wet ground calcined naturally occurring iron oxide, and mixtures of these with synthetic iron oxides. These pigments are suitable for use in paints, coatings, and many other applications.1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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