5.1 Many coating properties are markedly affected by the film thickness of the dry film such as adhesion, flexibility, wear, durability, chemical resistance, and hardness. To be able to compare results obtained by different operators, it is essential to measure film thickness carefully.5.2 Most protective and high performance coatings are applied to meet a requirement or a specification for the dry-film thickness of each coat, or for the complete system, or both. Coatings must be applied within certain minimum and maximum thickness tolerances in order that they can fulfill their intended function. In addition to potential performance deficiencies, it is uneconomical to apply more material than necessary when coating large areas such as floors and walls.5.3 Low readings may occur occasionally on coatings with rough surfaces. The instrument may allow a user adjustment to prevent this.5.4 This test method may not be applicable to measure organic coating thickness on all substrates. The instrument's ability to detect a distinct interface between the coating and the substrate may be impeded if the coating and the substrate are of similar composition, density or attenuation or if the coating is non-homogeneous. Verify operation on a known thickness of the coating/substrate combination if these circumstances are thought to exist.5.5 Multilayered coatings have many interfaces and the instrument will measure to the interface separating the two most acoustically different materials. Some instruments have the ability to detect and measure the individual layer thicknesses in a multi-layer system.5.6 The use of this test method is not necessarily limited by the type of substrate material.1.1 This test method describes the use of ultrasonic film thickness gages to measure accurately and nondestructively the dry film thickness of organic coatings applied over a substrate of dissimilar material. Measurements may be made on field structures, on commercially manufactured products, or on laboratory test specimens. These types of gages can accurately measure the dry film thickness of organic coatings on a variety of substrates such as concrete, wood, wallboard, plastic, fiber composites and metal.1.2 This test method is not applicable to coatings that will be readily deformable under load of the measuring instrument as the instrument probe is placed directly on the coating surface to take a reading.1.3 The effective range of instruments using the principle of ultrasonics is limited by gage design. A thickness range of 8 μm to 7.60 mm (0.3 to 300 mils) has been demonstrated.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This test method covers the nondestructive measurement of the dry film thickness of electrically nonconductive coatings applied over a nonferrous metal base using commercially available eddy current instruments. This test method is intended to supplement manufacturers' instructions for the manual operation of the gages, and is not intended to replace them.1.2 This test method is not applicable to coatings that will be readily deformable under the load of the measuring instruments, as the instrument probe must be placed directly on the coating surface to take a reading.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This specification covers liquid-applied water-dispersed acrylic latex elastomeric protective roof coatings.1.2 This specification does not provide guidance for application.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers testing and material properties of water-dispersed protective roof coatings composed of a water-based acrylic latex elastomeric emulsion polymer, to which various pigments and other additives have been added to give the required physical properties. The product, as manufactured, shall be in liquid form for application to the roof surface by brushing, squeegeeing, rolling, or spraying. Guidance for its application is not addressed here. Coatings shall be tested and adhere to liquid property requirements as to viscosity, and volume and weight of solids. Conversely, films shall also conform to dry physical properties, as follows: initial percent elongation at break; initial tensile strength at maximum stress; final percent elongation at break after accelerated weathering; permeance; water swelling; adhesion; fungi resistance; tear resistance; and low temperature flexibility after accelerated weathering.1.1 This specification covers liquid-applied water-dispersed acrylic latex elastomeric protective roof coatings.1.2 This specification does not provide guidance for application.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This guide describes the use of a high solids content, cold liquid-applied elastomeric waterproofing membrane subject to intermittent hydrostatic pressure in a waterproofing system intended for installation on cast-in-place concrete vertical surfaces. Typical uses for these systems include planters and foundation walls with drainage system and others. The major components to be considered for a below grade building wall waterproofing system are the structural wall or substrate to be waterproofed, waterproofing membrane, membrane protection, and drainage system. The following considerations are detailed: (1) compatibility; (2) continuity; (3) substrate: strength, density and moisture content, admixtures, release and curing agents, finish, dryness, and joints; (4) waterproofing membrane: adhesion to substrate, terminations, and penetrations; (5) treatment and design of reinforced, unreinforced, and expansion joints; (6) protection course: impact resistance, compatibility, ancillary provisions, thermal insulation, and drainage composites; and (7) drainage system: drainage course, backfill, and drainage pipes. Illustrations of footing, treatment of vertical corners, and pipe penetration for the waterproofing system and treatment of reinforced and unreinforced joints are given.1.1 This guide describes the use of a high solids content, cold liquid-applied elastomeric waterproofing membrane that meets the performance criteria specified in Specification C836/C836M, subject to intermittent hydrostatic pressure in a waterproofing system intended for installation on vertical cast-in-place concrete surfaces.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The electrical conductivity of concrete is primarily influenced by the presence of moisture. Other factors, which affect the electrical continuity of concrete structures, include the following:5.1.1 Presence of metal rebars,5.1.2 Cement content and type,5.1.3 Aggregate types,5.1.4 Admixtures,5.1.5 Porosity within the concrete,5.1.6 Above or below grade elevation,5.1.7 Indoor or outdoor location,5.1.8 Temperature and humidity, and5.1.9 Age of concrete.5.2 The electrical conductivity of concrete itself may be successfully used for high-voltage continuity testing of linings applied directly with no specific conductive underlayment installed. However, the voltage required to find a discontinuity may vary greatly from point to point on the structure. This variance may reduce the test reliability.5.3 Although the most common conductive underlayments are liquid primers applied by trowel, roller, or spray, and which contain carbon or graphite fillers, others may take the form of the following:5.3.1 Sheet-applied graphite veils,5.3.2 Conductive polymers,5.3.3 Conductive graphite fibers,5.3.4 Conductive metallic fibers, and5.3.5 Conductive metallic screening.5.4 Liquid-applied conductive underlayments may be desirable as they can serve to address imperfections in the concrete surface and provide a better base for which to apply the lining.5.5 This practice is intended for use only with new linings applied to concrete substrates. Inspecting a lining previously exposed to an immersion condition could result in damaging the lining or produce an erroneous detection of discontinuities due to permeation or moisture absorption of the lining. Deposits may also be present on the surface causing telegraphing. The use of a high voltage tester on a previously exposed lining is not recommended because of possible spark through which will damage an otherwise sound lining. A low voltage tester can be used but could produce erroneous readings.5.6 The user may consider this practice when performance requirements of the lining in a specified chemical environment require assurance of a lining free of discontinuities.5.7 Factors affecting the dielectric properties and test voltage shall be considered. Some factors are the curing time of liquid-applied linings; the possible presence of electrically conductive fillers or solvents, or both; the possible presence of air inclusions or voids; and the compatibility of conductive underlayments with the specified lining.5.8 A pulsed dc high voltage may cause a lining to breakdown at a lower voltage than would be the case for a continuous dc voltage.1.1 This practice covers procedures that may be used to allow the detection of discontinuities in nonconductive linings or other non-conductive coatings applied to concrete substrates.1.2 Discontinuities may include pinholes, internal voids, holidays, cracks, and conductive inclusions.1.3 This practice describes detection of discontinuities utilizing a high voltage spark tester using either pulsed or continuous dc voltage.NOTE 1: For further information on discontinuity testing refer to NACE Standard SP0188-2006 or Practice D5162.1.4 This practice describes procedures both with and without the use of a conductive underlayment.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 7.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers the minimum retroreflective properties of newly applied horizontal pavement markings containing retroreflecting spheres, such as traffic stripes and surface symbols. The geometry specified for these values corresponds to that of Test Method E 1710 and is the same as CEN geometry.1.2 This specification is intended to provide standards of horizontal pavement markings to ensure that adequate conspicuity for the driver at night is provided by newly applied markings. This specification applies to the measurement of the markings using portable hand-operated instruments.1.3 Newly applied pavement markings are those that have been applied within 14 days before testing and from which all excess glass spheres have been removed.Note 1-Excess glass spheres contribute to erroneous readings directly after application and are generally not present a few days after application. They should be removed by strong brushing or by air pressure or other methods that do not remove the spheres that are correctly embedded and in water-borne paint after film coalescing.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This specification covers a jet-fuel-resistant concrete joint sealer, of the hot-applied elastic type, intended for use in sealing joints in concrete pavement in areas exposed to jet fuel spillage. It may be found useful in industrial areas where similar conditions exist (see Appendix X1).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance to the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Appendix X1.

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4.1 The procedure described in this practice is intended to aid in evaluating the performance of house and trim paints to new, previously unpainted wood.4.2 The relative durability of paints in outdoor exposures can be very different depending on the location of the exposure because of differences in solar radiation, time of wetness, temperature, pollutants, and other factors. Therefore, it cannot be assumed that results from one exposure in a single location will be useful for determining relative durability in a different location. Exposures in several locations with different climates which represent a broad range of anticipated service conditions are recommended.4.2.1 Because of year-to-year climatological variations, results from a single exposure test cannot be used to predict the absolute rate at which a material degrades. Several years of repeat exposures are needed to get an “average” test result for a given location.4.2.2 Solar radiation varies considerably as function of time of year. This can cause large differences in the apparent rate of degradation in many paints. Comparing results for materials exposed for short periods (less than one year) is not recommended unless materials are exposed at the same time in the same location.4.2.3 It is recommended that at least three replicates of each material be tested. A statistical estimate of the number of replicates needed based on parameters known about the material can be found in Practice E122.4.3 The section in Practice G7 addresses many variables to be considered in exterior exposure tests.1.1 This practice covers procedures to be followed for direct exposure of house and trim paints on new, previously unpainted wood and wood composite materials to the environment. When originators of a weathering test have the actual exposure conducted by a separate agency, the specific conditions for the exposure of test and control specimens should be clearly defined and mutually agreed upon between all parties.1.2 This standard covers specimen preparation including the application of the test paint to the wood substrate.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This guide outlines general procedures and precautions for the application of fully adhered hot-applied built-up reinforced waterproofing systems.5.2 This guide is not all inclusive and is intended only to supplement detailed instructions from designers, and the recommendations of manufacturers. Manufacturers of some of the systems addressed by this guide require proprietary products and special procedures not described in this guide. Manufacturers' recommendations should therefore be considered in the application of this guide.5.3 For design guidelines, consult Guide C981.1.1 This guide covers the minimum installation recommendations for fully adhered, hot-applied reinforced waterproofing systems on vertical and low-slope (plaza deck) surfaces.1.2 For the purpose of this guide, the substrate is assumed to be concrete or masonry, structurally sound, able to accept the weight of anticipated loads, and meets the local building code requirements. Similarly, all components of the waterproofing system are assumed to comply with any federal, state, and local environmental regulations that may be in effect at the time of installation. Expansion joints, insulation, drainage layers, and overburden are beyond the scope of this guide.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 When used in conjunction with Guide D333, this practice will provide a comprehensive evaluation of resistance to stains caused by chemical reagents and household chemicals.3.2 This practice applies only to coatings applied in sufficient quantity to form a continuous film. It is recommended that the dry film thickness of the coating under test be reported.3.3 Results from stain tests conducted in accordance with this practice distinguish differences between coatings.1.1 This practice covers evaluation of clear factory-applied coating systems on wood substrates.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method provides a quantitative measure of the relative plasticizer absorption of general-purpose poly(vinyl chloride) resins under standard temperature conditions. Plasticizer sorption thus defined is one of the criteria useful for the description of the powder blend characteristics of poly(vinyl chloride) resins.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the plasticizer sorption of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) homopolymers using a controlled centrifugal force.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This test method references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.NOTE 1: This standard is equivalent to ISO 4608.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 Organic coatings on exterior exposure are subjected to attack by degrading elements of the weather, particularly ultraviolet light, oxygen, and water. This practice may be used for evaluating the protective behavior of polish film applied to a coating. This polish-coated coating is then exposed in an apparatus that produces ultraviolet radiation, temperature variation, and water condensation for a given time period.3.2 No single light exposure apparatus, with or without water, can be specified as a direct simulation of natural exposure. This practice does not imply a specific correlation with outdoor exposure. It is, however, useful in screening the relative protective qualities of a polish within the test parameter.1.1 This practice covers the selection of test conditions from Practice G53 to be employed for exposure testing of polish-coated paint, related coatings, and materials. This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedures for using fluorescent ultraviolet (UV) and condensation apparatus to simulate the deterioration caused by sunlight and water as rain or dew.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This test method is used to determine the nonvolatile content of cold liquid-applied elastomeric waterproofing membranes and can be useful in determining application coverage rates.1.1 This test method describes a laboratory procedure for determining the average nonvolatile content for one- or two-component cold liquid-applied elastomeric waterproofing membranes.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 Subject to the limitations listed in 1.3, this practice can be used as a research tool to optimize spray equipment and paint formulations, as well as to study the relative effect on transfer efficiency of changing operating variables, spray application equipment, type of coatings, etc.1.1 This practice covers the evaluation and comparison of the transfer efficiency of spray-applied coatings under general laboratory conditions. Transfer efficiency is the ratio of paint solids deposited to the total paint solids used during the application process, expressed as a percent. This practice can be used to study the effect on transfer efficiency of changing operating variables and paint formulations. Key variables that need to be controlled are listed in 8.13.NOTE 1: It is important that all process or formulation parameters, except that which is intentionally being changed, be kept consistent from test to test. If not done, the results of the study are to be questioned.1.2 The reproducibility of this practice is highly dependent on the degree of control of the parameters listed in Section 8 of the practice.1.3 Limitations—This laboratory practice indicates only the direction of the effect of operating variables and liquid paint formulations on transfer efficiency under conditions of the laboratory test: the magnitude of the effect can be determined only with specific plant experience. In fact, the nature of the critical parameters that affect transfer efficiency makes clear that it is not possible to extrapolate laboratory results.NOTE 2: The laboratory practice outlined involves general laboratory spray equipment and procedures and is derived from Test Method D5009. This practice and Test Method D5009 are both derived from a study and report of transfer efficiency measurements conducted for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. For laboratories that have access to a conveyor and mass flow measurement equipment, a suitable, potentially more reproducible, tested method is defined in Test Method D5009.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Section 7, 8.10.10.5, and 8.13.1.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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