5.1 Waste samples collected using this practice provide representative samples for analysis in a laboratory using the TCLP.5.2 The TCLP is used to simulate the transfer of lead from buried lead-containing waste into the ground water system upon codisposal of the lead-containing waste and municipal solid waste in unlined solid-waste landfills. The TCLP attempts to simulate rain or ground water leaching, or both. For the procedure to yield a predictor of the subsurface (in-ground) leaching process, a representative sample of the volume of the waste must be selected and submitted for leaching and analysis. The result of the sampling, leaching, and analysis process is used to determine the waste handling and disposal protocols to be followed and to document compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and requirements. This practice addresses the sampling process by defining a component-volume-based method to collect and assemble a representative sample of a solid waste stream that may contain heterogeneous components.5.3 The collection of a volume-based sample of the waste stream is based on the fact that the TCLP leachate lead concentration limit, like other such TCLP limits, was developed based on the spatial dimensions of landfills.5.4 Individuals who use this practice are expected to be trained in the proper and safe conduct of sampling of lead-containing wastes, qualified/certified/licensed as required by those authorities having jurisdiction over such activities, and properly utilize tools and safety equipment when conducting these procedures.5.5 This practice may involve use of various hand and power tools for sampling the components of the waste. It is intended that such tools should be properly and safely used by persons trained and familiar with their performance and use.5.6 In general terms, building components are drilled, sawed, snipped, etc., to collect samples of the various components in proportion to the volume of those components in the entire building. The component samples are assembled, and the resulting assembled sample is analyzed according to the TCLP protocol.1.1 This practice describes a method for selecting samples of building components coated with paints suspected of containing lead. The samples are collected from the debris waste stream created during demolition, renovation, lead hazard control, or abatement projects. The samples are subsequently analyzed in the laboratory for lead.1.1.1 The debris waste stream is assumed to have more than one painted component, for example, metal doors, wood doors, and wood window trim.1.2 This practice is intended for use when sampling to test for lead only and does not include sampling considerations for other metals or for organic compounds. This practice also does not include consideration of sampling for determination of other possible hazardous characteristics of the waste.1.3 This practice assumes that the individual component types comprising the debris waste stream are at least partially segregated and that the volume of each type of component in the debris waste stream may be estimated.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Lubricating oils can be formulated with additives, which can act as detergents, anti-oxidants, anti-wear agents, and so forth. Some additives can contain one or more of calcium, copper, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, and zinc. This test method can be used to determine if the oils, additives, and additive packages meet specification with respect to content of these elements.4.2 Several additive elements and their compounds are added to the lubricating oils to give beneficial performance (Table 3).4.3 This test method can also be used to determine if lubricating oils, additives, and additive packages meet specification with respect to chlorine concentration. In this context, specification can refer to contamination.4.4 This test method is not intended for use on samples that contain some component that significantly interferes with the analysis of the elements specified in the scope.4.5 This test method can complement other test methods for lube oils and additives, including Test Methods D4628, D4927, D4951, and D5185.1.1 This test method covers the determination of calcium, chlorine, copper, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, and zinc in unused lubricating oils, additives, and additive packages by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Matrix effects are handled with mathematical corrections.1.2 For each element, the upper limit of the concentration range covered by this test method is defined by the highest concentration listed in Table 1. Samples containing higher concentrations can be analyzed following dilution.1.3 For each element, the lower limit of the concentration range covered by this test method can be estimated by the limit of detection (LOD)2 (see also 40 CFR 136 Appendix B) or limit of quantification (LOQ),2 both of which can be estimated from Sr, the repeatability standard deviation. LOD and LOQ values, determined from results obtained in the interlaboratory study on precision, are listed in Table 2.1.3.1 LOD and LOQ are not intrinsic constants of this test method. LOD and LOQ depend upon the precision attainable by a laboratory when using this test method.1.4 This test method uses regression software to determine calibration parameters, which can include influence coefficients (that is, interelement effect coefficients) (Guide E1361), herein referenced as alphas. Alphas can also be determined from theory using relevant software.1.5 Setup of this test method is intended for persons trained in the practice of X-ray spectrometry. Following setup, this test method can be used routinely.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or angstrom (Å) units are to be regarded separately as standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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