定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers laser-fused stainless steel bars, plates, and shapes of structural quality for use in bolted or welded structural applications. The butt-welded test pieces are welded using laser fusion and then machined into tensile test bars and root-bend test specimens. The term laser fusion is used in this specification to refer to a joining process that is able to produce a coalescence of material using the heat obtained from the application of a concentrated coherent light beam impinging on the surface of a weld joint.1.1 This specification covers laser and laser hybrid welded stainless steel bars, plates, sharp-cornered profile (SCP), and built-up shapes of structural quality for use in bolted or welded structural applications. SCP and built-up shapes are used in, but not limited to, the following applications: industrial and general structural applications like buildings, including architecturally exposed steel structures (AESS); architectural steel profiles, such as curtain wall and staircases.NOTE 1: The term laser fusion is also used to describe laser welding.1.1.1 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided. They shall apply only when specified by the purchaser.NOTE 2: Since the product covered by this specification is manufactured in small lots on dedicated production lines, minimum product quality requirements are ensured by requiring welding process specification and operator qualification at each manufacturing facility in accordance with AWS, ASME, or ISO requirements. If required, the purchaser can specify higher levels of weld inspection; supplementary requirements for mechanical and corrosion testing; and other requirements.NOTE 3: Because of the varying requirements of the end-use applications, different length tolerance and weld inspection levels may be specified.1.2 Shapes covered in this specification include those defined in Article 3.1.2 of Specification A6/A6M, square and rectangular hollow sections, and additional shapes, including customized, that are made from two or more shapes, plates, bar, sheet, or strip.1.3 This specification establishes the minimum requirements for manufacturing of laser and laser hybrid welded stainless steel shapes and requires the welds to, at a minimum, match the tensile and yield strength of the base metal. If base metals of different strengths are used, the lower strength base metal shall be matched.1.4 This specification refers to Specifications A240/A240M, A276/A276M, or A479/A479M for chemical requirements, but the mechanical test requirements are determined by the mechanical properties section of this standard. This standard includes four strength grades. The default strength grade 1 is determined by the base metal standard. Grades 2 through 4 are for specification of higher strength levels.1.5 The text of this specification contains notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. Such notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, do not contain any mandatory requirements.1.6 Units—This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers procedures and acceptance standards for the determination of reduction of area using steel plates as tension test specimen. The tension testing method shall provide a measure of the resistance of a steel plate to lamellar tearing. Alternative test specimen may be used in place of the standard test specimen. Several types of test specimen shall have specified values of plate thickness, diameter, minimum radius, and length of reduced section.1.1 This specification2 covers the procedures and acceptance standards for the determination of reduction of area using a tension test specimen whose axis is perpendicular to the rolled surfaces of steel plates 1 in. [25 mm] and greater in thickness. The principal purpose of the testing is to provide a measure of the resistance of a steel plate to lamellar tearing. (See Appendix X1.)1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.1.3 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made of advanced composite laminates. Knowledge of the damage resistance and damage tolerance properties of a laminated composite plate is useful for product development and material selection.5.2 The residual strength data obtained using this test method is most commonly used in material specifications and research and development activities. The data are not intended for use in establishing design allowables, as the results are specific to the geometry and physical conditions tested and are generally not scalable to other configurations. Its usefulness in establishing quality assurance requirements is also limited, due to the inherent variability of induced damage, as well as the dependency of damage tolerance response upon the pre-existent damage state.5.3 The properties obtained using this test method can provide guidance in regard to the anticipated damage tolerance capability of composite structures of similar material, thickness, stacking sequence, and so forth. However, it must be understood that the damage tolerance of a composite structure is highly dependent upon several factors including geometry, stiffness, support conditions, and so forth. Significant differences in the relationships between the existent damage state and the residual compressive strength can result due to differences in these parameters. For example, residual strength and stiffness properties obtained using this test method would more likely reflect the damage tolerance characteristics of an un-stiffened monolithic skin or web than that of a skin attached to substructure which resists out-of-plane deformation. Similarly, test specimen properties would be expected to be similar to those of a panel with equivalent length and width dimensions, in comparison to those of a panel significantly larger than the test specimen.5.4 The reporting section requires items that tend to influence residual compressive strength to be reported; these include the following: material, methods of material fabrication, accuracy of lay-up orientation, laminate stacking sequence and overall thickness, specimen geometry, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, void content, volume percent reinforcement, type, size and location of damage (including method of non-destructive inspection), specimen/fixture alignment and gripping, time at temperature, and speed of testing.5.5 Properties that result from the residual strength assessment include the following: compressive residual strength FCAI, compressive force as a function of crosshead displacement, and surface strains as functions of crosshead displacement.1.1 This test method covers compression residual strength properties of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminated plates, which have been subjected to quasi-static indentation per Test Method D6264/D6264M or drop-weight impact per Test Method D7136/D7136M prior to application of compressive force. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites with multidirectional fiber orientations, and which are both symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses is defined in 8.2.NOTE 1: When used to determine the residual strength of drop-weight impacted plates, this test method is commonly referred to as the Compression After Impact, or CAI, method.1.2 The method utilizes a flat, rectangular composite plate, previously subjected to a damaging event, which is tested under compressive loading using a stabilization fixture.NOTE 2: The damage tolerance properties obtained are particular to the type, geometry and location of damage inflicted upon the plate.1.3 The properties generated by this test method are highly dependent upon several factors, which include specimen geometry, layup, damage type, damage size, damage location, and boundary conditions. Thus, results are generally not scalable to other configurations, and are particular to the combination of geometric and physical conditions tested.1.4 This test method can be used to test undamaged polymer matrix composite plates, but historically such tests have demonstrated a relatively high incidence of undesirable failure modes (such as end crushing). Test Method D6641/D6641M is recommended for obtaining compressive properties of undamaged polymer matrix composites.1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.5.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers high-tensile strength carbon-manganese steel plates intended for welded pressure vessels. Plates are normally supplied in the as-rolled condition. The plates may be ordered normalized or stress relieved, or both. The steel shall conform to the chemical composition requirements. The plates, as represented by the tension test specimens, shall conform to the mechanical property requirements.1.1 This specification2 covers high-tensile strength carbon-manganese steel plates intended for welded pressure vessels.1.2 This steel is usually made to a semi-killed or capped deoxidation practice; however, at the purchaser's or the steel producer's option, the steel may be made silicon-killed or aluminum-killed.1.3 The maximum thickness of plates furnished under this specification shall be 3/4 in. [20 mm].1.4 For plates produced from coil and furnished without heat treatment or with stress relieving only, the additional requirements, including additional testing requirements and the reporting of additional test results, of Specification A20/A20M apply.1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This test provides a rapid means of evaluating tendencies for package seal failure when the package is exposed to a pressure differential. Pressure differentials may occur during such processes as sterilization and transportation. This test method provides an indicator of the burst strength of a package, where the burst will normally occur in one or more areas of the seal. An indicator of the minimum burst strength may be of importance to the package manufacturer and end user in ensuring adequate package integrity. This test method cannot provide a measure of package seal uniformity. This test method also cannot provide an evaluation of overall package integrity or the burst strength of areas of the package that contact the surface of the restraining plates used. This test method should be combined with other methods of evaluating overall package integrity, uniformity of the package seal, or opening functionality, if so required.5.2 This test frequently is used to quickly evaluate package seal strength during the manufacturing process and at various stages of the package's life cycle.5.3 If correlations between pieces of test equipment are to be made it is important that all parameters of the test be equivalent. Typical parameters can include, but are not limited to the package size, material, type and configuration of seal, rate of air flow into the package, pressure detection sensing mechanism and sensitivity (machine response to pressure drop), position of test article, rigidity of restraining plates, and distance between restraining plates. See Appendix X2 for further information.5.4 This test may not necessarily provide correlation with package seal strength as typically measured using Test Methods F1140 or F88 (or equivalents).1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the minimum burst strength of a seal placed around the perimeter of a flexible package as it is internally pressurized and enclosed within restraining plates.1.2 The test methods described herein are functionally similar to Test Methods F1140 with the exception of the use of restraining plates. Test Methods F1140 describes methods of burst testing that do not include the use of restraining plates and are suitable to determine a packages general ability to withstand pressurization stresses. Under Test Methods F1140 the stresses are not distributed uniformly to all areas of the package seal. Under unrestrained conditions the stress on the package is highest at the middle of the pouch where it inflates to the packages maximum diameter; therefore, Test Methods F1140 may not reliably detect the weakest area of the seal.1.3 The burst test internally and increasingly pressurizes a package until an area of the package seal around the perimeter “bursts” open in response to pressurization. By placing the package within restraining plates during pressurization, the dimensional stability of the package is maintained in a manner that results in stresses applied more uniformly along the perimeter of the package, where seals are normally placed. This allows the test to have a higher probability of detecting the weakest area of the seal and provide a measurement of the pressure required to “burst” open the package.1.4 This test only applies to flexible packages with seals placed around the perimeter of a flexible package (often referred to as a pouch). In particular it is intended as applicable to packages with seals that have a peelable seal feature (peeled open by end user to remove contents of package).1.4.1 Porous barrier materials' failure to reach adequate pressure to burst the package seals may be due to insufficient volume flow. See Appendix X4 for information.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Particular caution is advised where users of this procedure may be required to design and fabricate restraining plate fixtures. Reference Appendix X3 for further information regarding calculation of stress factors and structural design considerations.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers high strength quenched and tempered alloy steel plates for fusion welded pressure vessels. The steel materials shall be killed and shall conform to the fine austenitic grain size requirement. The steel specimens shall undergo heat analysis and product analysis and shall conform to the required chemical compositions of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, molybdenum, and zirconium. Tension tests shall be performed wherein the steel materials shall conform to the required values of tensile strength, yield strength and elongation. The steel materials shall also undergo transverse Charpy V-notch impact test and shall conform to the required value of the lateral expansion opposite the notch.1.1 This specification covers high-strength quenched and tempered alloy steel plates intended for use in fusion welded pressure vessels.1.2 Plates furnished under this specification are available in three classes having different strength levels as follows:1.3 The thickness of plates under this specification is limited to a maximum of 2 in. [50 mm].1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system is to be used independently of the other without combining values from the two systems.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This specification covers carbon, low-alloy, high-strength low-alloy, and alloy steel hot-rolled floor plates for flooring, stairways, transportation equipment, and general structural purposes. Steel materials shall undergo heat and product analysis. Steel specimens shall also undergo tensile tests and shall conform to the required values of yield point, yield strength, and tensile strength.1.1 This specification covers carbon, low-alloy, high-strength low-alloy, and alloy steel hot-rolled floor plates for flooring, stairways, transportation equipment, and general structural purposes. While it is generally provided in the as-rolled condition, floor plate also may be provided in the heat-treated condition, depending on the material specification. Rolled floor plates have raised figures at regular intervals on one surface of the plate.1.2 Floor plate is available in dimensions that meet the classification size limits for sheet, heavy thickness sheet coil, or plate. Maximum thickness for product delivered under this specification is 1 in. [25 mm].1.3 When the steel is to be welded, it is presupposed that a welding procedure suitable for the grade of steel and intended use or service will be utilized. See Appendix X3 of Specification A6/A6M for information on weldability.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and the values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification is intended for high-strength, low-alloy forged rings and hollows produced from steels with atmospheric corrosion resistance for use as base plates in welded tubular structures. These steels have considerably better atmospheric corrosion resistance in most environments than carbon structural steel with or without copper addition, and are suitable for many applications in the bare (unpainted) condition when exposed to the atmosphere. The standard covers ordering information and general requirements for delivery, materials and manufacture, heat treatment, mechanical requirements, and the material's chemical composition.1.1 This specification covers high-strength, low-alloy steel ring and hollow forgings intended primarily for use as base plates in welded tubular structures for power transmission applications. However, use of this specification is not restricted to such applications and it may be used in other applications for which the attributes of the materials, as defined by this specification, are appropriate.1.2 The atmospheric corrosion resistance of Grades A, B, and C in most environments is substantially better than that of carbon structural steel with or without copper addition (see Note 1). When exposed to the atmosphere, these grades are suitable for many applications in the bare (unpainted) condition.NOTE 1: See Guide G101 for methods of estimating the atmospheric corrosion resistance of low-alloy steels.1.3 The thickness of forgings is limited only by the capacity of the composition to meet the specified mechanical property requirements; however, current practice normally limits the thickness of forgings furnished under this specification to a range of 2 to 6 in. [51 to 152 mm].NOTE 2: When the steel is to be welded, a welding procedure suitable for the grade of steel and intended use or service should be used. See Appendix X3 of Specification A6/A6M for information on weldability.1.4 The text of this specification contains notes, footnotes, or both, that provide explanatory material. Such notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, do not contain any mandatory requirements.1.5 Supplementary requirements are available but shall apply only when specified by the purchaser at the time of ordering.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

A2.5 A2.5.1 This test method establishes a uniform four-point bending fatigue test to characterize and compare the fatigue performance of different bone plate designs. This test method may be used to determine a fatigue life of the bone plate at either a specific maximum bending moment or over a range of maximum bending moment conditions. Alternatively, the test method may be used to estimate a bone plate's fatigue strength for a specified number of fatigue cycles.A2.5.2 This test method utilizes a simplified bone plate load model that may not be exactly representative of the in-situ loading configuration. The user should note that the test results generated by this test method can not be used to directly predict the in vivo performance of the bone plate being tested. The data generated from this test method can be used to conduct relative comparisons of different bone plate designs.A2.5.3 This test method may not be appropriate for all types of implant applications. The user is cautioned to consider the appropriateness of the method in view of the devices being tested and their potential application.A2.5.4 This test method assumes that the bone plate is manufactured from a material that exhibits linear-elastic material behavior. Therefore, the method is not applicable for testing bone plates made from materials that exhibit non-linear elastic behavior.A2.5.5 This test method is restricted to the testing of bone plates within the lnear-elastic range of the material. . Therefore, the test method is not applicable for testing bone plates under conditions that would approach or exceed the bending strength of the bone plate being tested.AbstractThis specification and test method establishes the consistent methods for classifying, and defining the geometric and performance characteristics of five types (cloverleaf, cobra head, reconstruction, straight, and tubular) of metallic bone plates used in the surgical internal fixation of the skeletal system. Also presented here are catalogs of standard specifications for material, labeling, and handling requirements, and standard test methods for measuring performance related mechanical (single cycle bend and bend fatigue) characteristics determined to be important to the in vivo performance of bone plates. This neither defines the levels of performance or case-specific clinical performance for bone plates, nor describes specific designs for bone plates.1.1 This specification and test method is intended to provide a comprehensive reference for bone plates used in the surgical internal fixation of the skeletal system. The standard establishes consistent methods to classify and define the geometric and performance characteristics of bone plates. The standard also presents a catalog of standard specifications that specify material; labeling and handling requirements; and standard test methods for measuring performance related mechanical characteristics determined to be important to the in vivo performance of bone plates.1.2 It is not the intention of the standard to define levels of performance or case-specific clinical performance for bone plates, as insufficient knowledge is available to predict the consequences or their use in individual patients for specific activities of daily living. Futhermore, it is not the intention of the standard to describe or specify specific designs for bone plates used in the surgical internal fixation of the skeletal system.1.3 This document may not be appropriate for all types of bone plates. The user is cautioned to consider the appropriateness of the standard in view of a particular bone plate and its potential application.1.4 This document includes the following test methods used in determining the following bone plate mechanical performance characteristics:1.4.1 Standard Test Method for Single Cycle Bend Testing of Metallic Bone Plates—Annex A1, and1.4.2 Standard Test Method for Determining the Bending Fatigue Properties Of Metallic Bone Plates—Annex A2.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 Multiple test methods are included in this standard. However, it must be noted that the user is not obligated to test using all of the described methods. Instead, the user should only select test methods that are appropriate for a particular device design. In most instances, only a subset of the herein described test methods will be required.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.FIG. 1 Bone Plate Cross-sections1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车