5.1 This test method is one of a number of tests conducted on a crude oil to determine its value. It provides an estimate of the yields of fractions of various boiling ranges and is therefore valuable in technical discussions of a commercial nature.5.2 This test method corresponds to the standard laboratory distillation efficiency referred to as 15/5. The fractions produced can be analyzed as produced or combined to produce samples for analytical studies, engineering, and product quality evaluations. The preparation and evaluation of such blends is not part of this test method.5.3 This test method can be used as an analytical tool for examination of other petroleum mixtures with the exception of LPG, very light naphthas, and mixtures with initial boiling points above 400 °C.1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the distillation of stabilized crude petroleum (see Note 1) to a final cut temperature of 400 °C Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature (AET). This test method employs a fractionating column having an efficiency of 14 to 18 theoretical plates operated at a reflux ratio of 5:1. Performance criteria for the necessary equipment is specified. Some typical examples of acceptable apparatus are presented in schematic form. This test method offers a compromise between efficiency and time in order to facilitate the comparison of distillation data between laboratories.NOTE 1: Defined as having a Reid vapor pressure less than 82.7 kPa (12 psi).1.2 This test method details procedures for the production of a liquefied gas, distillate fractions, and residuum of standardized quality on which analytical data can be obtained, and the determination of yields of the above fractions by both mass and volume. From the preceding information, a graph of temperature versus mass % distilled can be produced. This distillation curve corresponds to a laboratory technique, which is defined at 15/5 (15 theoretical plate column, 5:1 reflux ratio) or TBP (true boiling point).1.3 This test method can also be applied to any petroleum mixture except liquefied petroleum gases, very light naphthas, and fractions having initial boiling points above 400 °C.1.4 This test method contains the following annexes and appendixes:1.4.1 Annex A1—Test Method for the Determination of the Efficiency of a Distillation Column,1.4.2 Annex A2—Test Method for the Determination of the Dynamic Holdup of a Distillation Column,1.4.3 Annex A3—Test Method for the Determination of the Heat Loss in a Distillation Column (Static Conditions),1.4.4 Annex A4—Test Method for the Verification of Temperature Sensor Location,1.4.5 Annex A5—Test Method for Determination of the Temperature Response Time,1.4.6 Annex A6—Practice for the Calibration of Sensors,1.4.7 Annex A7—Test Method for the Verification of Reflux Dividing Valves,1.4.8 Annex A8—Practice for Conversion of Observed Vapor Temperature to Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature (AET),1.4.9 Appendix X1—Test Method for Dehydration of a Sample of Wet Crude Oil, and1.4.10 Appendix X2—Practice for Performance Check.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 10.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers aluminum-alloy rolled tread plate. Unless otherwise specified, all tread plate shall be supplied in the mill finish and shall be uniform as defined by the requirements and shall be commercially sound. The tread plate shall conform to the required chemical composition limits specified. The determination of chemical composition shall be made in accordance with suitable chemical (test methods E 34) or spectrochemical (test methods E 607 and E 1251) methods. Heat treatment for the applicable tempers of alloy 6061 shall be in accordance with practice B 918. The tread plate shall conform to the tensile properties specified. The tension test shall be made in accordance with test methods B 557. The bend tests shall be made in accordance with test method E 290. 1.1 This specification covers aluminum-alloy rolled flat tread plate, mill-finish, with a raised pattern on one side, in the alloy, tempers, and thicknesses shown in Table 1 and Table 2 [Table 3]. 1.2 Alloy and temper designation are in accordance with ANSI H35.1/H35.1M. The equivalent Unified Numbering System alloy designation are those of Table 1 preceded by A9, which is A96061 for alloy 6061 and A93003 for Alloy 3003 in accordance with Practice E527. 1.3 For acceptance criteria for inclusion of new aluminum and aluminum alloys in this specification, see Annex A2. 1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The SI units are shown either in brackets or in separate tables. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems will result in nonconformance with the specification. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers UNS N08366 and N08367 chromium-nickel-molybdenum-iron alloy plates, sheets, and strips for use in corrosive service and heat-resisting applications. The material chemical composition and mechanical properties such as the yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, and hardness should conform to the specified requirements.1.1 This specification covers chromium-nickel-molybdenum-iron UNS N083672 plate, sheet, and strip for use in corrosive service and heat-resisting applications.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification establishes the requirements for plates, sheets, strips, and rolled bars of copper-chromium-iron-titanium alloys with Copper Alloy UNS No. C18080. The material for manufacture shall be a cast bar, cake, slab or so forth of such purity and soundness as to be suitable for processing by hot working, cold working, and subsequent annealing to produce finished products that have a uniform wrought structure and meet the specified temper properties. Products shall be available in the mill hardened temper (TM). Products shall be sampled and prepared, then tested accordingly to examine their conformance to dimensional (mass, thickness, width, length, straightness, and edge), mechanical (tensile strength and Rockwell hardness), electrical (resistivity and equivalent conductivity), and chemical composition requirements.1.1 This specification covers the requirements for Copper Alloy UNS No. C18080 for plate, sheet, strip, and rolled bar.NOTE 1: Since Copper Alloy UNS No. C18080 is frequently used in a variety of applications where yield strength and stress-corrosion resistance may be critical, it is recommended that drawings or samples of the part to be fabricated and details of application be submitted for use in establishing temper and treatment of material.NOTE 2: Copper Alloy UNS No. C18080 is covered by a patent. Interested parties are invited to submit information regarding the identification of an alternative(s) to this patented item to ASTM International headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 The following safety hazard caveat pertains only to the test method(s) described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This AE examination is useful to detect micro-damage generation, accumulation, and growth of new or existing flaws. The examination is also used to detect significant existing damage from friction-based AE generated during loading or unloading of these regions. The damage mechanisms that can be detected include matrix cracking, fiber splitting, fiber breakage, fiber pull-out, debonding, and delamination. During loading, unloading, and load holding, damage that does not emit AE energy will not be detected.5.2 When the detected signals from AE sources are sufficiently spaced in time so as not to be classified as continuous AE, this practice is useful to locate the region(s) of the 2-D test sample where these sources originated and the accumulation of these sources with changing load or time, or both.5.3 The probability of detection of the potential AE sources depends on the nature of the damage mechanisms, flaw characteristics, and other aspects. For additional information, see X1.4.5.4 Concentrated damage in fiber/polymer composites can lead to premature failure of the composite item. Hence, the use of AE to detect and locate such damage is particularly important.5.5 AE-detected flaws or damage concentrated in a certain region may be further characterized by other NDE techniques (for example, visual, ultrasonic, etc.) and may be repaired as appropriate. Repair procedure recommendations and the subsequent examination of the repair are outside the scope of this practice. For additional information, see X1.5.5.6 This practice does not address sandwich core, foam core, or honeycomb core plate-like composites due to the fact that currently there is little in the way of published work on the subject resulting in a lack of a sufficient knowledge base.5.7 Refer to Guide E2533 for additional information about types of defects detected by AE, general overview of AE as applied to polymer matrix composites, discussion of the Felicity ratio (FR) and Kaiser effect, advantages and limitations, AE of composite parts other than flat panels, and safety hazards.1.1 This practice covers acoustic emission (AE) examination or monitoring of panel and plate-like composite structures made entirely of fiber/polymer composites.1.2 The AE examination detects emission sources and locates the region(s) within the composite structure where the emission originated. When properly developed AE-based criteria for the composite item are in place, the AE data can be used for nondestructive examination (NDE), characterization of proof testing, documentation of quality control, or for decisions relative to structural-test termination prior to completion of a planned test. Other NDE methods may be used to provide additional information about located damage regions. For additional information, see X1.1 in Appendix X1.1.3 This practice can be applied to aerospace composite panels and plate-like elements as a part of incoming inspection, during manufacturing, after assembly, continuously (during structural health monitoring), and at periodic intervals during the life of a structure.1.4 This practice is meant for fiber orientations that include cross-plies, angle-ply laminates, or two-dimensional woven fabrics. This practice also applies to 3-D reinforcement (for example, stitched, z-pinned) when the fiber content in the third direction is less than 5 % (based on the whole composite).1.5 This practice is directed toward composite materials that typically contain continuous high modulus greater than 20 GPa [3 Msi] fibers.1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers perforated-plate sieves with either round or square apertures, normally mounted in a frame for use in precision testing in the classification of materials according to designated nominal particle size. The materials used in the manufacture of these sieves shall be steel, stainless steel, brass, bronze, or other rigid material. Each plate of specified sieve designation and aperture size shall conform to individually allocated dimensional requirements.1.1 This specification covers perforated plate with either round or square apertures, normally mounted in a frame for use as sieves in precision testing in the classification of materials according to designated nominal particle size. A method for checking the accuracy of perforated sieve plates is included as information in Appendix X1.NOTE 1: The perforated-plate sieves covered by this specification are intended for general precision testing. Some industries may require more restricted specifications for sieves for special testing purposes.NOTE 2: For other types of sieves see Specifications E11 and E161.NOTE 3: Complete instructions and procedures on the use of test sieves are contained in ASTM STP 447, Manual on Test Sieving Methods. This manual also contains a list of all ASTM published standards on sieve analysis procedures for specific materials or industries.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification2 covers UNS N08120, UNS N08890, UNS N08800, UNS N08810, and UNS N088113 in the form of rolled plate, sheet, and strip. Alloy UNS N08800 is normally employed in service temperatures up to and including 1100 °F (593 °C). Alloys UNS N08120, UNS N08810, UNS N08811, and UNS N08890 are normally employed in service temperatures above 1100 °F (593 °C) where resistance to creep and rupture is required, and they are annealed to develop controlled grain size for optimum properties in this temperature range.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This test has been used to measure viscosities of automotive topcoats in place of No. 4 Ford cup measurements and has provided an equivalent ability to evaluate whether the paint meets specifications and is sprayable.4.2 The method could be considered as an alternative to No. 4 Ford cup and other efflux cup measurements for other products as well.4.3 The type of viscometer described in this method gives better temperature control than Ford and other efflux cups and is expected to give better precision.4.4 This test method is suitable for all paints and related materials whether they are Newtonian in behavior or not.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscosity of paints and related products using a cone/plate viscometer at a shear rate of 500 s-1.1.2 Viscosity values obtained by this method may be used as an alternative to results from No. 4 Ford cup measurements. The values from this method do not replicate Ford cup results, but can be used for quality control, producer-user specifications and viscosity reduction in the same manner that Ford cups are used.1.3 If viscosity at a higher shear rate is needed, Test Method D4287, which describes viscosity measurement at 10 000 s-1 to 12 000 s-1 may be used.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers high-strength low-alloy structural steel plates that were produced by the thermo-mechanical controlled process (TMCP). This method consists of rolling reductions and cooling rate controls, which result in mechanical properties in the finished plate that are equivalent to those attained using conventional rolling and heat treatment processes.1.1 This specification covers steel plates produced by the thermo-mechanical controlled process (TMCP). Five grades are defined by the yield strength: 50 [345], 60 [415], 65 [450], 70 [485], and 80 [550]. The plates are intended primarily for use in welded steel structures.1.2 The TMCP method consists of rolling reductions and cooling rate controls that result in mechanical properties in the finished plate that are equivalent to those attained using conventional rolling and heat treatment processes, which entail reheating after rolling. A description of the TMCP method is given in Appendix X1.1.3 The maximum thicknesses available in the grades covered by this specification are shown in Table 1.1.4 Due to the special combination of mechanical and thermal treatment inducing lower rolling temperatures than for conventional hot rolling the plates cannot be formed at elevated temperatures without sustaining significant losses in strength and toughness. The plates may be formed and post-weld heat-treated at temperatures not exceeding 1050°F [560°C]. Higher temperatures may be possible if proven that minimum mechanical characteristics are retained after tests with specimens in the post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) condition. For flame straightening higher temperatures can be used in accordance with the steel manufacturer’s recommendations.1.5 If the steel is to be welded, a welding procedure suitable for the grade of steel and intended use or service is to be utilized. See Appendix X3 of Specification A6/A6M for information on weldability.1.6 Supplementary requirements are available but shall apply only if specified in the purchase order.1.7 Units—This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system is to be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformances with the standard.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers plates made of carbon steel or low-alloy steel base, to which a layer of copper or copper-base alloy cladding is integrally and continuously bonded on one or both sides. The material is generally intended for pressure vessel applications, but may be used in other structural applications where corrosion resistance or conductivity of the alloy is of prime importance. The steel shall be primarily made by the open-hearth, electric-furnace (with optional degassing and refining done separately), or basic-oxygen processes. Secondary processes may also be performed, whereby the steel made from the primary processes is remelted using, but not limited to, electroslag remelting or vacuum arc remelting. Materials shall be tested and shall conform to dimensional (thickness, flatness, and outside diameter), mechanical (tensile, shear and bond strengths), and chemical composition requirements. The manufacturer may rework defects in the cladding by repair welding provided specific requirements are met.1.1 This specification establishes the requirements for plate of a carbon steel or low-alloy steel base to which is integrally and continuously bonded on one or both sides a layer of copper or copper-base alloy. The material is generally intended for pressure vessel use but may be used in other structural applications where corrosion resistance or conductivity of the alloy is of prime importance.1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers solution-annealed UNS N08028 iron-nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy plates, sheets, and strips. In preparing the materials, the final heat treatment should be a solution-anneal which can be followed by minor cold working such as flattening or temper rolling. The recommended solution-anneal consists of heating to a minimum temperature and rapid cooling.1.1 This specification covers iron-nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy (UNS N08028) plate, sheet, and strip in the solution annealed condition.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification establishes the requirements leaded brass plates, sheets, strips, and rolled bars made from UNS C33500, C34000, C34200, C34000, C35000, C35300, or C35600 copper-zinc-lead alloys. Each product should be manufactured by hot or cold working, and annealed if required, to produce a uniform wrought structure that meets the specified temper properties. This specification also contains information on the standard tempers of rolled and annealed materials as well as the required tensile strength, Rockwell hardness, and grain sizes. The Rockwell hardness test can be used to test for general conformity to the specification requirements for temper, tensile strength and grain size.1.1 This specification establishes the requirements for leaded brass plate, sheet, strip, and rolled bar for general application produced from Copper Alloy UNS Nos. C33500, C34000, C34200, C35000, C35300, and C35600.1.2 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车