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5.1 This practice is useful in identifying the major organic constituents in wastewater for support of effective in-plant or pollution control programs. Currently, the most practical means for tentatively identifying and measuring a range of volatile organic compounds is gas-liquid chromatography. Positive identification requires supplemental testing (for example, multiple columns, speciality detectors, spectroscopy, or a combination of these techniques).1.1 This practice covers general guidance applicable to certain test methods for the qualitative and quantitative determination of specific organic compounds, or classes of compounds, in water by direct aqueous injection gas chromatography (1, 2, 3, 4).21.2 Volatile organic compounds at aqueous concentrations greater than about 1 mg/L can generally be determined by direct aqueous injection gas chromatography.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 There are four basic steps necessary to obtain meaningful analytical data: preparation of the sample container, sampling, sample preservation, and analysis. In fact these four basic steps comprise the analytical method and for this reason no step should be overlooked. Although the significance of preservation is dependent upon the time between sampling and the analysis, unless the analysis is accomplished within 2 h after sampling, preservation is preferred and usually required.1.1 These practices cover the various means of (1) preparing sample containers used for collection of waters to be analyzed for organic constituents and (2) preservation of such samples from the time of sample collection until the time of analysis.1.2 The sample preservation practice is dependent upon the specific analysis to be conducted. See Section 9 for preservation practices listed with the corresponding applicable general and specific constituent test method. The preservation method for waterborne oils is given in Practice D3325. Use of the information given herein will make it possible to choose the minimum number of sample preservation practices necessary to ensure the integrity of a sample designated for multiple analysis. For further considerations of sample preservation, see the Manual on Water.21.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 6.7, 6.24, and 8.1.3.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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