4.1 Design professionals, for aesthetic reasons, have desired to limit the spacing and width of sealant joints on exterior walls and other locations of new buildings. Analysis of the performance factors and especially tolerances that affect a sealant joint is necessary to determine if a joint will have durability and be effective in maintaining a seal against the passage of air and water and not experience premature deterioration. If performance factors and tolerances are not understood and included in the design of a sealant joint, then the sealant may reach its durability limit and failure is a distinct possibility.4.2 Sealant joint failure can result in increased building energy usage due to air infiltration or exfiltration, water infiltration, and deterioration of building systems and materials. Infiltrating water can cause spalling of porous and friable building materials such as concrete, brick, and stone; corrosion of ferrous metals; and decomposition of organic materials, among other effects. Personal injury can result from a fall incurred due to a wetted interior surface as a result of a failed sealant joint. Building indoor air quality can be affected due to organic growth in concealed and damp areas. Deterioration is often difficult and very costly to repair, with the cost of repair work usually greatly exceeding the original cost of the sealant joint work.4.3 This guide is applicable to sealants with an established movement capacity, in particular elastomeric sealants that meet Specification C920 with a minimum movement capacity rating of ±121/2 %. In general, a sealant with less than ±121/2 % movement capacity can be used with the joint width sizing calculations; however, the width of a joint using such a sealant will generally become too large to be practically considered and installed. It is also applicable to precured sealant extrusions with an established movement capacity that meets Specification C1518.4.4 The intent of this guide is to describe some of the performance factors and tolerances that are normally considered in sealant joint design. Equations and sample calculations are provided to assist the user of this guide in determining the required width and depth for single and multi-component, liquid-applied sealants when installed in properly prepared joint openings. The user of this guide should be aware that the single largest factor contributing to non-performance of sealant joints that have been designed for movement is poor workmanship. This results in improper installation of sealant and sealant joint components. The success of the methodology described by this guide is predicated on achieving adequate workmanship.4.5 Joints for new construction can be designed by the recommendations in this guide as well as joints that have reached the end of their service life and need routine maintenance or joints that require remedial work for a failure to perform. Guide C1193 should also be consulted when designing sealant joints. Failure to install a sealant and its components following its guidelines can and frequently will result in failure of a joint design.4.6 Peer reviewed papers, published in various ASTM Special Technical Publications (STP), provide additional information and examples of sealant joint width calculations that expand on the information described in this guide (2-5). For cases in which the state of the art is such that criteria for a particular condition is not firmly established or there are numerous variables that require consideration, a reference section is provided for further consideration.4.7 To assist the user of this guide in locating specific information, a detailed listing of guide numbered sections and their headings is included in Appendix X1.1.1 This guide provides information on performance factors such as movement, construction tolerances, and other effects that should be accounted for to properly establish sealant joint size. It also provides procedures to assist in calculating and determining the required width of a sealant joint enabling it to respond properly to those movements and effects. Information in this guide is primarily applicable to single- and multi-component, cold-applied joint sealants and secondarily to precured sealant extrusions when used with properly prepared joint openings and substrate surfaces.1.2 Although primarily directed towards the understanding and design of sealant joints for walls for buildings and other areas, the information contained herein is also applicable to sealant joints that occur in horizontal slabs and paving systems as well as various sloped building surfaces.1.3 This guide does not describe the selection and properties of joint sealants (1)2, nor their use and installation, which is described by Guide C1193.1.4 For protective glazing systems that are designed to resist blast and other effects refer to Guide C1564 in combination with this guide.1.5 This guide is not applicable to the design of joints sealed with aerosol foam sealants.1.6 For structural sealant glazing systems refer to Guide C1401 in combination with this guide.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. SI units in this guide are in conformance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10-1997.1.8 The Committee having jurisdiction for this guide is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

4.1 A characteristic advantage of charged-particle irradiation experiments is the precise, individual control over most of the important irradiation conditions such as dose, dose rate, temperature, and quantity of gases present. Additional attributes are the lack of induced radioactivation of specimens and, in general, a substantial compression of irradiation time, from years to hours, to achieve comparable damage as measured in displacements per atom (dpa). An important application of such experiments is the investigation of radiation effects that may occur in materials exposed to environments which do not currently exist, such as in first wall materials used in fusion reactors.4.2 The primary shortcoming of ion bombardments stems from the damage rate, or temperature dependences of the microstructural evolutionary processes in complex alloys, or both. It cannot be assumed that the time scale for damage evolution can be comparably compressed for all processes by increasing the displacement rate, even with a corresponding shift in irradiation temperature. In addition, the confinement of damage production to a thin layer just (often ∼1 μm) below the irradiated surface can present substantial complications. It must be emphasized, therefore, that these experiments and this practice are intended for research purposes and not for the certification or the qualification of materials.4.3 This practice relates to the generation of irradiation-induced changes in the microstructure of metals and alloys using charged particles. The investigation of mechanical behavior using charged particles is covered in Practice E821.1.1 This practice provides guidance on performing charged-particle irradiations of metals and alloys, although many of the methods may also be applied to ceramic materials. It is generally confined to studies of microstructural and microchemical changes induced by ions of low-penetrating power that come to rest in the specimen. Density changes can be measured directly and changes in other properties can be inferred. This information can be used to estimate similar changes that would result from neutron irradiation. More generally, this information is of value in deducing the fundamental mechanisms of radiation damage for a wide range of materials and irradiation conditions.1.2 Where it appears, the word “simulation” should be understood to imply an approximation of the relevant neutron irradiation environment for the purpose of elucidating damage mechanisms. The degree of conformity can range from poor to nearly exact. The intent is to produce a correspondence between one or more aspects of the neutron and charged-particle irradiations such that fundamental relationships are established between irradiation or material parameters and the material response.1.3 The practice appears as follows:  SectionApparatus 4Specimen Preparation 5 – 10Irradiation Techniques (including Helium Injection) 11 – 12Damage Calculations 13Postirradiation Examination 14 – 16Reporting of Results 17Correlation and Interpretation 18 – 221.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

Use of this practice will minimize occupational exposure to aerosols in the wet metal removal environment.Excessive exposures to metal removal fluid aerosols are associated with machinist complaints of respiratory irritation.Through implementation of this practice and incorporation of a metal removal fluid management program, appropriate product selection, appropriate machine tool design, selection, and maintenance, and control of microorganisms, users should be able to minimize complaints of machinist respiratory irritation.1.1 This practice sets forth guidelines for minimizing effects of aerosols in the wet metal removal environment.1.2 This practice incorporates all practical means and mechanisms to minimize aerosol generation and to control effects of aerosols in the wet metal removal environment.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 As described in Guide C1894, the MIC of concrete is considered to be a three-stage process with the reduction in pH (Stage I) (for example, 12.5 > pH > 9-10), the establishment of biofilms which further lowers the pH (Stage II) (for example, 9-10 > pH > 4-6) and eventual deterioration due to biogenic acid exposure (Stage III) (for example, < ~4 pH). This standard provides standard test methods to assess the effects of different stages of MIC on concrete products and efficacy of antimicrobial products used in or on concrete.4.2 The tests are performed in simulated exposure solutions containing well-controlled bacterial strains that are grown in the laboratory. These tests do not require an environmental chamber and are intended to be performed as benchtop tests in biosafety level 1 laboratory conditions. These tests are suitable for simulation of the Stage II and III of MIC because the pH range of the solution can be controlled within the ranges of each stage.4.3 This standard provides three test methods.4.3.1 Test Method A is suitable for assessing the efficacy of antimicrobial admixtures in delaying or preventing biogenic acidification in a nutrient-rich simulated wastewater exposure solution.4.3.2 Test Method B is suitable for assessing the effectiveness of antimicrobial admixtures in a prescribed cementitious system (Option B1) or assessing the performance of different cementitious systems (Option B2) in delaying or preventing microbially-induced corrosion of concrete in the Stage II of MIC.4.3.3 Test Method C is suitable for assessing the suitability of cementitious systems in delaying or preventing microbially-induced corrosion of concrete in the Stage III of MIC.4.4 The results obtained by these test methods should serve as information to be used with Guide C1894 in, but not as the sole basis for, selection of a biologically-resistant material for a particular application. No attempt has been made to incorporate into these test methods all the various factors that may affect the performance of a material when subjected to actual service.1.1 This standard presents test methods for the determination of the effects of biogenic acidification on concrete products and/or efficacy of antimicrobial products to resist microbially-induced corrosion (MIC) of concrete. In these tests, the biogenic acidification is achieved by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) that can convert elemental sulfur or thiosulfate to sulfuric acid without the use of H2S gas.1.2 This standard is referenced in the guideline document for MIC of concrete products. Guide C1894 provides guidance for microbially-induced corrosion of concrete products and an overview of where this test, and its options, can and should be used. This document is not intended to be a guideline document for MIC of concrete products.1.3 This standard does not cover controlled breeding chamber tests, in which H2S gas is produced by bacterial activity and acidification is the result of the conversion of this H2S gas to sulfuric acid.1.4 This standard does not cover chemical acid immersion tests, in which acidification is achieved by chemical sulfuric acid addition, not by bacterial activity. Testing protocols for chemical acid immersion are described in Test Methods C267 and C1898.1.5 This standard does not cover tests that assess field exposure conditions or sewage pipe, concrete tank, or concrete riser network design.1.6 This standard does not cover live trial tests where concrete coupons or other specimens are monitored in sewers.1.7 The tests described in this standard should not be performed on concrete samples that have already been exposed to MIC conditions.1.8 This standard does not cover concrete deterioration due to chemical sulfate attack, which is caused by the reaction of sulfate compounds that exist in wastewater with the hydration products of cement. Test methods for assessing sulfate attack are provided by Test Methods C452 and C1012/C1012M.1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method is designed to provide a uniform test to assess the suitability of coatings, used in nuclear power facilities, under radiation exposure for the life of the facilities, including radiation during a DBA (Coating Service Level I areas only). Specific plant radiation exposure may exceed or be less than the amount specified in 7.2 of this standard. If required by the licensee design basis, the gamma dose used may exceed the actual anticipated plant gamma dose to account for beta dose. Coatings in Level II and III areas (outside primary containment) are expected to be exposed to lower accumulated radiation doses.1.1 This test method covers a standard procedure for evaluating the lifetime radiation tolerance of coatings to be used in nuclear power plants. This test method is applicable to Coating Service Levels I, II, and III.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 The objective of this guide is to describe procedures and data sources for conducting risk characterization of acute inhalation exposure to chemicals emitted from bedding sets. Risk characterization can be used to identify chemical(s) that pose potentially significant human health risks for the scenario(s) and population(s) selected for exposure assessment. Such identification of chemicals can help in identifying the components or materials used in the manufacture of bedding sets that should be further examined. Risk characterization also includes an assessment of potential odors associated with individual chemicals emitted by the bedding set.1.1 This guide describes procedures for conducting risk characterization of exposure to volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) emitted from bedding sets or an ensemble of a mattress and supporting box spring.1.2 This guide is for risk characterization of short-term exposures to a new bedding set brought into a residential indoor environment. The risk characterization considerations presented in this guide are applicable to both the general population and sensitive subgroups, such as convalescing adults.1.3 The risk characterization addressed in this guide is limited to acute health and irritation effects resulting from short-term exposure to VOCs in indoor air. Although certain procedures described in this guide may be applicable to assessing long-term exposure, the guide is not intended to address cancer and other chronic health effects.1.4 VOC emissions from bedding sets, as in the case of other household furnishings, usually are highest when the products are new. A used bedding set may also emit VOCs, either from the original materials or as a result of its use. The procedures presented in this guide also are applicable to used bedding sets.1.5 Risk characterization procedures described in this guide should be carried out under the supervision of a qualified toxicologist or risk assessment specialist, or both.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Test Method—The data obtained from the use of this test method provide a comparative index of the fuel-saving capabilities of automotive engine oils under repeatable laboratory conditions. A BL has been established for this test to provide a standard against which all other oils can be compared. The BL oil is an SAE 20W-30 grade fully formulated lubricant. The test procedure was not designed to give a precise estimate of the difference between two test oils without adequate replication. The test method was developed to compare the test oil to the BL oil. Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in the latest revision of Specification D4485.5.2 Use—The Sequence VIE test method is useful for engine oil fuel economy specification acceptance. It is used in specifications and classifications of engine lubricating oils, such as the following:5.2.1 Specification D4485.5.2.2 API 1509.5.2.3 SAE Classification J304.5.2.4 SAE Classification J1423.1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for the measurement of the effects of automotive engine oils on the fuel economy of passenger cars and light-duty trucks with gross vehicle weight 3856 kg or less. The tests are conducted using a specified spark-ignition engine with a displacement of 3.6 L (General Motors)4 on a dynamometer test stand. It applies to multi-viscosity oils used in these applications.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source supply equipment specifications. Additionally, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) is measured in kilogram per kilowatt hour.1.3 This test method is arranged as follows:Subject SectionIntroduction   1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4 5Apparatus 6General 6.1Test Engine Configuration 6.2Laboratory Ambient Conditions 6.3Engine Speed and Torque Control 6.4Dynamometer 6.4.1Dynamometer Torque 6.4.2Engine Cooling System 6.5External Oil System 6.6Fuel System 6.7Fuel Flow Measurement 6.7.2Fuel Temperature and Pressure Control to the Fuel Flow Meter 6.7.3Fuel Temperature and Pressure Control to Engine Fuel Rail 6.7.4Fuel Supply Pumps 6.7.5Fuel Filtering 6.7.6Engine Intake Air Supply 6.8Intake Air Humidity 6.8.1Intake Air Filtration 6.8.2Intake Air Pressure Relief 6.8.3Temperature Measurement 6.9Thermocouple Location 6.9.5AFR Determination 6.10Exhaust and Exhaust Back Pressure Systems 6.11Exhaust Manifolds 6.11.1Laboratory Exhaust System 6.11.2Exhaust Back Pressure 6.11.3Pressure Measurement and Pressure Sensor Locations 6.12Engine Oil 6.12.2Fuel to Fuel Flow Meter 6.12.3Fuel to Engine Fuel Rail 6.12.4Exhaust Back Pressure 6.12.5Intake Air 6.12.6Intake Manifold Vacuum/Absolute Pressure 6.12.7Coolant Flow Differential Pressure 6.12.8Crankcase Pressure 6.12.9Engine Hardware and Related Apparatus 6.13Test Engine Configuration 6.13.1ECU (Power Control Module) 6.13.2Thermostat Block-Off Adapter Plate 6.13.3Wiring Harness 6.13.4Thermostat Block-Off Plate 6.13.5Oil Filter Adapter Plate 6.13.6Modified Throttle Body Assembly 6.13.7Fuel Rail 6.13.8Miscellaneous Apparatus Related to Engine Operation 6.14Reagents and Materials 7Engine Oil 7.1Test Fuel 7.2Engine Coolant 7.3Cleaning Materials 7.4Preparation of Apparatus 8Test Stand Preparation 8.2Engine Preparation 9Cleaning of Engine Parts 9.2Engine Assembly Procedure 9.3General Assembly Instructions 9.3.1Bolt Torque Specifications 9.3.2Sealing Compounds 9.3.3Harmonic Balancer 9.3.5Thermostat 9.3.6Coolant Inlet 9.3.7Oil Filter Adapter 9.3.8Dipstick Tube 9.3.9Sensors, Switches, Valves, and Positioners 9.3.10Ignition System 9.3.11Fuel Injection System 9.3.12Intake Air System 9.3.13Engine Management System 9.3.14Accessory Drive Units 9.3.15Exhaust Manifolds 9.3.16Engine Flywheel and Guards 9.3.17Lifting of Assembled Engines 9.3.18Engine Mounts 9.3.19Non-Phased Camshaft Gears 9.3.20Internal Coolant Orifice 9.3.21Calibration 10Stand/Engine Calibration 10.1Procedure 10.1.1Reporting of Reference Results 10.1.2Analysis of Reference/Calibration Oils 10.1.3Instrument Calibration 10.2Engine Torque Measurement System 10.2.3Fuel Flow Measurement System 10.2.4Coolant Flow Measurement System 10.2.5Thermocouple and Temperature Measurement System 10.2.6Humidity Measurement System 10.2.7Other Instrumentation 10.2.8Test Procedure 11External Oil System 11.1Flush Effectiveness Demonstration 11.2Preparation for Oil Charge 11.3Initial Engine Start-Up 11.4New Engine Break-In 11.5Oil Charge for Break-In 11.5.2Break-In Operating Conditions 11.5.3Standard Requirements for Break-In 11.5.4Routine Test Operation 11.6Start-Up and Shutdown Procedures 11.6.1Flying Flush Oil Exchange Procedures 11.6.2Test Operating Stages 11.6.3Stabilization to Stage Conditions 11.6.4Stabilized BSFC Measurement Cycle 11.6.5BLB1 Oil Flush Procedure for BL Oil Before Test Run 1 11.6.6BSFC Measurement of BLB1 Oil Before Test Oil Run 2 11.6.7BLB2 Oil Flush Procedure for BL Oil Before Test Oil 11.6.8BSFC Measurement of BLB2 Oil Before Test Oil 11.6.9Percent Delta Calculation for BLB1 vs. BLB2 11.6.10Test Oil Flush Procedure 11.6.11Test Oil Aging, Phase I 11.6.12BSFC Measurement of Aged (Phase I) Test Oil 11.6.13Test Oil Aging, Phase II 11.6.14BSFC Measurement of Aged (Phase II) Test Oil 11.6.15Oil Consumption and Sampling 11.6.16Flush Procedure for BL Oil (BLA) After Test Oil 11.6.17General Test Data Logging Forms 11.6.18Diagnostic Review Procedures 11.6.19Determination of Test Results 12Final Test Report 13Precision and Bias 14Keywords 15Annexes  ASTM Test Monitoring Center Organization Annex A1ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Calibration Procedures Annex A2ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Maintenance Activities Annex A3ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Related Information Annex A4Detailed Specifications and Drawings of Apparatus Annex A5Oil Heater Bolton 255 Refill Procedure Annex A6Engine Part Number Listing Annex A7Safety Precautions Annex A8Sequence VIE Test Report Forms and Data Dictionary Annex A9Statistical Equations for Mean and Standard Deviations Annex A10Determining the Oil Sump Full Level and Consumption Annex A11Fuel Injection Evaluation Annex A12Pre-test Maintenance Checklist Annex A13Blow-by Ventilation System Requirements Annex A14Calculation of Test Results Annex A15Calculation of Un-weighted Baseline Shift Annex A16Non-Phased Cam Gear and Position Actuator Installation and GM Short Block Assembly Procedure Annex A17Procedure  Procurement of Test Materials Annex A18Alternate Fuel Approval Requirements Annex A19Appendix  Useful Information Appendix X11.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 983元 / 折扣价： 836 元 加购物车

5.1 Fenestration products, when exposed to differential temperatures (constant higher or lower temperatures on the exterior and room temperature on the interior), or temperature cycling (relatively constant room temperature on the interior and repeated cycling of higher and lower temperatures on the exterior), will have stresses induced on components that may cause failure or changes in overall system performance. Some of these changes may be temporary, with their effects on system performance lasting only during the cyclical temperature exposure. Other changes may be more permanent because of the failure of critical components or irreversible changes in those critical components that control overall system performance.5.2 In this practice, a procedure is provided for evaluating the effects of exposure to temperature cycling at standardized conditions on fenestration products. It is useful for product evaluation and development. Interrelationships between window components can be studied under laboratory conditions simulating in-service temperature extremes.5.3 Laboratory approximation of in-service temperature cycling and temperature extremes is a useful tool for the fenestration designer. These conditions help in evaluating designs and components for absolute and relative interactions on overall performance when these products are installed and functioning in residential and commercial buildings.5.4 This practice is limited to temperature exposure and temperature cycling only. Temperature is only one of many environmental factors that affect field performance of fenestration products. Products made with different materials or construction methods may show specific sensitivity to different environmental factors, such as humidity, ultraviolet radiation, or airborne chemicals.5.5 Because of the complexity and cost of a single apparatus capable of measuring window performance, providing temperature cycling, and providing infrared radiation exposure, more than one test apparatus may be required to complete this practice. If multiple test apparatus are used, care shall be taken when moving the specimen from one apparatus to another to protect them from damage by racking, twisting, dropping, or other causes of distortion.5.6 In this practice, specimens are subjected to one of a variety of possible variations of ambient air temperature or surface temperature cycling conditions by using either convective hot air or exposure to infrared radiation. Therefore, the results are valid only for the test method and conditions used.5.7 At present, no correlation data exists that relates this practice to field performance.1.1 This practice covers the testing of any fenestration products that are installed with the exterior surface exposed to weathering conditions. It is intended to measure the response of the fenestration product to temperature cycles with the temperature changes being induced by controlling the air temperature on the exterior (weather side) or by exposing the product to infrared radiation, or both. When tested using this practice, fenestration products are exposed to standard cycles of elevated and depressed ambient air and surface temperatures. Test methods are specified for evaluating changes in performance that may occur as a result of temperature cycling. With this practice, seasonal and diurnal temperature conditions are simulated in a controlled laboratory apparatus.1.2 In this practice, two test methods, Test Method A and Test Method B, are described for exposing the exterior surface of fenestration products to the elevated portion of a standardized temperature cycle. The purpose for providing two test methods of exposure is to address two distinct needs of the fenestration industry.1.2.1 Test Method A uses infrared radiation to increase the surface temperature of the fenestration product and uses a black panel temperature sensor placed in front of the specimen's exterior surface to sense the temperature. The surface temperature of the black panel temperature sensor is raised to a preset level above the exterior ambient air temperature. This provides a more realistic test for temperature exposure based on atmospheric solar radiation and its effect on the temperature increase of exterior building materials. This method should be used when the number of cycles can be large and the outcome is critical for field correlation. Test Method A is intended for comparative product evaluations.1.2.2 Test Method B uses elevated temperature produced by convective hot air to achieve the exterior air temperature set-point. It provides a more severe test because it elevates the exterior air temperature to levels that are not obtainable under in-service conditions. This provides a more rapid degradation cycle for accelerating the effects of the temperature exposure cycling on some materials and fastening methods used in fenestration products. This method is intended to be used when the number of temperature cycles must be minimized or the outcome is not critical for field correlation. Test Method B is intended for research and development purposes and not for comparative product evaluations.1.3 In this practice, three temperature exposure levels are suggested for each method: Level 1 is a low temperature exposure, Level 2 is a moderate temperature exposure, and Level 3 is a high temperature exposure. The purpose of providing three levels of temperature exposure is to accommodate different grades of fenestration products based on their designs and their potential geographic installation locations. Other temperature levels may be selected by the specifier.1.3.1 Performance characteristic measurements are used to evaluate the effects on the fenestration product caused by temperature cycling. They are measured by the following tests:1.3.1.1 Air leakage rates shall be measured in accordance with Test Method E283/E283M.1.3.1.2 Water penetration resistance shall be measured in accordance with Test Method E331 or Test Method E547.1.3.1.3 Structural strength shall be measured in accordance with Test Method E330/E330M. This test shall only be performed when specified and only after temperature cycling is completed.1.3.2 The test specifier may also choose additional tests to characterize fenestration product performance. (See Note 4 for suggested additional tests.)1.3.3 For the purposes of product comparison, these tests are performed at or near standard laboratory conditions, but for research and development purposes, they may also be performed during an elevated or depressed portion of the temperature cycle in order to measure the effects of the temperature extreme on the performance parameter being evaluated. For the purposes of comparative evaluation, the parameters defined in 11.2 shall be used.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 Testing organizations using this practice shall have staff knowledgeable in heat transfer, fluid mechanics, instrumentation practice, and the specific requirements for the test methods specified. Testing personnel shall have a general knowledge of fenestration systems and components being tested.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is intended to determine the ignition resistance and burning characteristics of materials used in protective clothing where flame resistance is not the primary form of protection designated.5.1.1 Flame resistance is a distinctive property of clothing items designated for isolating parts of the body from anticipated flame hazards. It is possible that protective clothing designated for isolation from other hazards, such as those for chemical or biological protection, neither have flame resistance nor isolate the wearer from flame hazards. This test method can be used to evaluate the effects of flame impingement on protective clothing where flame resistance is not the primary objective of protection.5.1.2 When flame resistance is the primary protection offered by the protective clothing, alternative test methods can be used. A test method that is useful for evaluating flame resistance of textiles is Test Method D6413/D6413M. Classification Index D4723 contains descriptions and guidance on other flammability test methods for textiles.5.1.3 This test method is useful to determine the ignition resistance and burning characteristics of materials used in protective clothing not designated for flame resistance when the outer material surface is exposed to the flame. As such, it is particularly suited to protective clothing materials that are composed of different layers such as coated fabrics, laminates, or multilayer clothing systems.5.2 Alternative procedures for conducting either a 3-s or 12-s exposure are provided where one or the other flame application exposure times are applied. The choice of either the shorter or longer single exposure time is provided to permit an assessment of the effects for flame impingement on materials under short-term and long-term flame exposure conditions.5.3 Correlation of data from this test method with the ignition resistance and burning characteristics of protective clothing (not designated for flame resistance) under actual use conditions is not implied.1.1 This test method establishes a small-scale laboratory screening procedure for comparing the ignition resistance and burning characteristics of materials used in protective clothing where flame resistance is not the primary form of protection provided by the clothing.1.1.1 This test method shall not be used in applications where flame resistance is the primary form of protection offered by the protective clothing. Other flammability test methods are more appropriate for those materials.1.1.2 This test method provides a means for comparing ease of ignition and burning behavior of materials which include plastic or elastomeric films, coated fabrics, flexible laminates, multilayer material systems, or other protective clothing materials that are not designated for offering flame resistance as their primary form of protection.1.2 This test method is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.3 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.1.4 The values stated in SI units or other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Test Method—The data obtained from the use of this test method provide a comparative index of the fuel-saving capabilities of automotive engine oils under repeatable laboratory conditions. A BL has been established for this test to provide a standard against which all other oils can be compared. The BL oil is an SAE 20W-30 grade fully formulated lubricant. The test procedure was not designed to give a precise estimate of the difference between two test oils without adequate replication. The test method was developed to compare the test oil to the BL oil. Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in the latest revision of Specification D4485.5.2 Use—The Sequence VID test method is useful for engine oil fuel economy specification acceptance. It is used in specifications and classifications of engine lubricating oils, such as the following:5.2.1 Specification D4485.5.2.2 API 1509.5.2.3 SAE Classification J304.5.2.4 SAE Classification J1423.1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for the measurement of the effects of automotive engine oils on the fuel economy of passenger cars and light-duty trucks with gross vehicle weight 3856 kg or less. The tests are conducted using a specified spark-ignition engine with a displacement of 3.6 L (General Motors)4 on a dynamometer test stand. It applies to multi viscosity grade oils used in these applications.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source supply equipment specifications. Additionally, Brake Fuel Consumption (BSFC) is measured in kilograms per kilowatthour.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This test method is arranged as follows:Subject SectionIntroduction   1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4 5Apparatus 6General 6.1Test Engine Configuration 6.2Laboratory Ambient Conditions 6.3Engine Speed and Torque Control 6.4Dynamometer 6.4.1Dynamometer Torque 6.4.2Engine Cooling System 6.5External Oil System 6.6Fuel System 6.7Fuel Flow Measurement 6.7.2Fuel Temperature and Pressure Control to the Fuel Flowmeter 6.7.3Fuel Temperature and Pressure Control to Engine Fuel Rail 6.7.4Fuel Supply Pumps 6.7.5Fuel Filtering 6.7.6Engine Intake Air Supply 6.8Intake Air Humidity 6.8.1Intake Air Filtration 6.8.2Intake Air Pressure Relief 6.8.3Temperature Measurement 6.9Thermocouple Location 6.9.5AFR Determination 6.10Exhaust and Exhaust Back Pressure Systems 6.11Exhaust Manifolds 6.11.1Laboratory Exhaust System 6.11.2Exhaust Back Pressure 6.11.3Pressure Measurement and Pressure Sensor Locations 6.12Engine Oil 6.12.2Fuel to Fuel Flowmeter 6.12.3Fuel to Engine Fuel Rail 6.12.4Exhaust Back Pressure 6.12.5Intake Air 6.12.6Intake Manifold Vacuum/Absolute Pressure 6.12.7Coolant Flow Differential Pressure 6.12.8Crankcase Pressure 6.12.9Engine Hardware and Related Apparatus 6.13Test Engine Configuration 6.13.1ECU (Power Control Module) 6.13.2Thermostat Block-Off Adapter Plate 6.13.3Wiring Harness 6.13.4Oil Pan 6.13.5Engine Water Pump Adapter Plate 6.13.6Thermostat Block-Off Plate 6.13.7Oil Filter Adapter Plate 6.13.8Modified Throttle Body Assembly 6.13.9Fuel Rail 6.13.10Miscellaneous Apparatus Related to Engine Operation 6.14Reagents and Materials 7Engine Oil 7.1Test Fuel 7.2Engine Coolant 7.3Cleaning Materials 7.4Preparation of Apparatus 8Test Stand Preparation 8.2Engine Preparation 9Cleaning of Engine Parts 9.3Engine Assembly Procedure 9.4General Assembly Instructions 9.4.1Bolt Torque Specifications 9.4.2Sealing Compounds 9.4.3Harmonic Balancer 9.4.5Thermostat 9.4.6Coolant Inlet 9.4.7Oil Filter Adapter 9.4.8Dipstick Tube 9.4.9Sensors, Switches, Valves, and Positioners 9.4.10Ignition System 9.4.11Fuel Injection System 9.4.12Intake Air System 9.4.13Engine Management System 9.4.14Accessory Drive Units 9.4.15Exhaust Manifolds 9.4.16Engine Flywheel and Guards 9.4.17Lifting of Assembled Engines 9.4.18Engine Mounts 9.4.19Non-Phased Camshaft Gears 9.4.20Internal Coolant Orifice 9.4.21Calibration 10Stand/Engine Calibration 10.1Procedure 10.1.1Reporting of Reference Results 10.1.2Instrument Calibration 10.2Engine Torque Measurement System 10.2.3Fuel Flow Measurement System 10.2.4Coolant Flow Measurement System 10.2.5Thermocouple and Temperature Measurement System 10.2.6Humidity Measurement System 10.2.7Other Instrumentation 10.2.8Test Procedure 11External Oil System 11.1Flush Effectiveness Demonstration 11.2Preparation for Oil Charge 11.3Initial Engine Start-Up 11.4New Engine Break-In 11.5Oil Charge for Break-In 11.5.2Break-In Operating Conditions 11.5.3Standard Requirements for Break-In 11.5.4Routine Test Operation 11.6Start-Up and Shutdown Procedures 11.6.1Flying Flush Oil Exchange Procedures 11.6.2Test Operating Stages 11.6.3Stabilization to Stage Conditions 11.6.4Stabilized BSFC Measurement Cycle 11.6.5BLB1 Oil Flush Procedure for BL Oil Before Test Run 1 11.6.6BSFC Measurement of BLB1 Oil Before Test Oil 11.6.7BLB2 Oil Flush Procedure for BL Oil Before Test Oil Run 2 11.6.8BSFC Measurement of BLB2 Oil Before Test Oil 11.6.9Percent Delta Calculation for BLB1 vs. BLB2 11.6.10Test Oil Flush Procedure 11.6.11Test Oil Aging, Phase I 11.6.12BSFC Measurement of Aged (Phase I) Test Oil 11.6.13Test Oil Aging, Phase II 11.6.14BSFC Measurement of Aged (Phase II) Test Oil 11.6.15Oil Consumption and Sampling 11.6.16Flush Procedure for BL Oil (BLA) After Test Oil 11.6.17General Test Data Logging Forms 11.6.18Diagnostic Review Procedures 11.6.19Determination of Test Results 12Report 13Precision and Bias 14Keywords 15Annexes  ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Organization Annex A1ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Calibration Procedures Annex A2ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Maintenance Activities Annex A3ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Related Information Annex A4Detailed Specifications and Drawings of Apparatus Annex A5Oil Heater Cerrobase Refill Procedure Annex A6Engine Part Number Listing Annex A7Safety Precautions Annex A8Report Format Annex A9Statistical Equations for Mean and Standard Deviations Annex A10Oil Sump Full Level Determination Consumption Measurement Calibration Procedure Annex A11Fuel Injector Evaluation Annex A12Pre-test Maintenance Checklist Annex A13Blow-by Ventilation System Requirements Annex A14Calculation of Test Results Annex A15Calculation of Unweighted Baseline Shift Annex A16Non–Phased Cam Gear and Position Actuator Installation Procedure Annex A17   Appendix  Procurement of Test Materials Appendix X11.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 983元 / 折扣价： 836 元 加购物车

5.1 Assumptions: 5.1.1 Control well discharges at a constant rate, Q.5.1.2 Control well is of infinitesimal diameter and partially penetrates the aquifer.5.1.3 The nonleaky artesian aquifer is homogeneous, and aerially extensive. The aquifer may also be anisotropic and, if so, the directions of maximum and minimum hydraulic conductivity are horizontal and vertical, respectively. The methods may be used to analyze tests on unconfined aquifers under conditions described in a following section.NOTE 1: Slug and pumping tests implicitly assume a porous medium. Fractured rock and carbonate settings may not provide meaningful data and information.5.1.4 Discharge from the well is derived exclusively from storage in the aquifer.5.1.5 The geometry of the assumed aquifer and well conditions are shown in Fig. 2.5.2 Implications of Assumptions—The vertical flow components in the aquifer are induced by a control well that partially penetrates the aquifer, that is, a well that is not open to the aquifer through its full thickness. The effects of vertical flow components are measured in piezometers near the control well, that is, within a distance, r, in which vertical flow components are significant, that is:5.3 Application of Method to Unconfined Aquifers: 5.3.1 Although the assumptions are applicable to artesian or confined conditions, Weeks (1) has pointed out that the solution may be applied to unconfined aquifers if drawdown is small compared with the saturated thickness of the aquifer or if the drawdown is corrected for reduction in thickness of the aquifer, and the effects of delayed gravity response are small. The effects of gravity response become negligible after a time as given, for piezometers near the water table, by the equation:for values of ar/b < 0.4 and by the equation:for greater values of ar/b.5.3.2 Drawdown in an unconfined aquifer is also affected by curvature of the water table or free surface near the control well, and by the decrease in saturated thickness, that causes the transmissivity to decline toward the control well. This method should be applicable to analysis of tests on water-table aquifers for which the control well is cased to a depth below the pumping level and the drawdown in the control well is less than 0.2b. Moreover, little error would be introduced by effects of water-table curvature, even for a greater drawdown in the control well, if the term (s2/2 b) for a given piezometer is small compared to the δ s term.5.3.3 The transmissivity decreases as a result of decreasing thickness of the unconfined aquifer near the control well. Jacob (4) has shown that the effect of decreasing transmissivity on the drawdown may be corrected by the equation:where s is the observed drawdown and s′ is the drawdown in an equivalent confined aquifer.NOTE 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This practice covers an analytical solution for determining the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer by analysis of the response of water levels in the aquifer to the discharge from a well that partially penetrates the aquifer. This standard uses data derived from Test Method D4050.1.2 Limitations—The limitations of the technique for determination of the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of aquifers are primarily related to the correspondence between the field situation and the simplifying assumption of this practice.1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of the practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without the consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through he ASTM consensus process.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

4.1 Plasticizer migration is detrimental to many adhesives, including hot melts, which could be possibly used in conjunction with PVC backed flooring materials, whether resilient or textile, broadloom, tile or plank. This practice can be used as an indicator to determine if plasticizers in the flooring material are compatible with proposed installation adhesive(s).1.1 This standard will provide a qualitative means to determine the potential effects of plasticizers contained within polyvinyl chloride (PVC) floor covering materials on a specific adhesive.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Accelerated weathering exposure serves to indicate long-term exterior durability of the sealant. In this test method, durability is tested when the sealant is used with wood or aluminum.1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for the determination of aging effects of artificial weathering on latex sealants.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: Currently there is no ISO standard similar to this test method.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Weight loss from a sealant after application in a building joint can be detrimental to long term sealant durability. A sealant's service life will be shortened if it contains components, critical to its durability, that are volatilized by high environmental temperatures. Also, development of cracks and chalking lessens a sealant's service life.5.2 The test described herein measures weight loss, cracking, and chalking. The amount of weight lost during the heat aging period and any cracking or chalking helps predict premature sealant failure. However, a sealant developing no cracks or chalking, or low weight loss in this test, does not necessarily ensure good durability.1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the effects of heat aging on weight loss, cracking and chalking of elastomeric joint sealants (single and multicomponent) for use in building construction.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 The committee having jurisdiction for this specification is not aware of any similar ISO standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

1.1 This practice covers special procedures for selecting a material and tests for radiation studies, determining radiation conditions, conducting tests for the mechanical properties of irradiated metallic materials, and reporting of data. 1.2 The purpose of this practice is to achieve better correlation and interpretation of new data in the field of radiation effects testing. 1.3 While primarily intended to apply to ferrite and austenitic steels, this practice may be applied to any appropriate metallic materials. In addition to tests for mechanical properties, these procedures should be helpful in planning other types of radiation effects testing. 1.4 It should be recognized that the effect of high-energy neutron radiation on the mechanical properties of the materials being studied is determined by the change in mechanical properties during radiation. Hence, the post-irradiated mechanical properties must be compared with the pre-irradiation properties of the materials.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元