5.1 The purpose of this test method is to determine the shock absorption properties of a playground surface at a specific impact height in order to evaluate a particular playground surfacing system using the g-max and HIC criteria as outlined in Specification F1292. This will allow the owner/operator to specify certain minimums that they desire for their playground surface in relation to their playground equipment fall height and can be confirmed in the field after installation or throughout the functional life for the surface system utilizing Test Method F3313.5.2 This test method is to be used as a reference for specifying the impact attenuation performance of playground surfaces and the height from which they are tested.1.1 This test method covers all playground surfaces to be tested in a laboratory setting at a specific drop height established by the manufacturer of the playground surface to determine shock absorption properties at the specified height above the surface and to evaluate surfaces based on their Gmax and HIC values described in Specification F1292.NOTE 1: This test method is not intended to replace Specification F1292 for critical fall height (CFH) testing but to provide more information to either the manufacturer of the surface or the owner/operator purchasing the surface.NOTE 2: This test method informs the owner/operator of the impact attenuating performance of the surfacing system at the specified height used in the test.1.2 This test method is specific to surfacing used in conjunction with playground equipment, such as that described in Specifications F1148, F1487, F1918, and CSA Z614.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Impact diameter may be used to interpret impact resistance.4.2 Maximum impact diameter may be a specified requirement for tile.1.1 This test method covers procedures for measuring impact properties of ceramic tile, bonded to a standardized concrete substrate, from a falling 2-in. steel ball.1.2 This test method is intended solely for evaluating standardized laboratory test specimens and does not purport to simulate actual installed performance.1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is intended to be used mainly as a means of comparing the performance of unitizing films. It can also be used to compare the effectiveness of different wrap cycles with the same wrapping materials. No direct correlation between these tests results and actual field performance has been established.5.2 This test method simulates the horizontal impact elements of the distribution environment. Horizontal impacts are encountered in rail car switching and pallet marshalling procedures, both in the warehouse and during the loading and unloading of transport vehicles.5.3 This test method leaves open to the discretion of the user the establishment of test levels and the number of impacts constituting the test so that one might tailor the test to simulate one’s particular distribution environment. The section entitled “Element H—Simulated Rail Switching” in Practice D4169 may provide some guidance in this regard.1.1 This test method is used to evaluate and compare the ability of stretch-wrap films to survive horizontal impacts in a laboratory simulation.1.2 The test levels may be varied to represent the mode of shipping and handling used for the unit load under test.1.3 The methodology of performing the controlled horizontal impacts is described in detail in Test Methods D4003. This test method will describe only sample preparation and evaluation in the special case of evaluating the performance of film for load unitizing.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Plastics are viscoelastic and it is possible that they are sensitive to changes in velocity of weights falling on their surfaces. However, the velocity of a free-falling object is a function of the square root of the drop height. A change of a factor of two in the drop height will cause a change of only 1.4 in velocity. Hagan, et al (2) found that the mean-failure energy of sheeting was constant at drop heights between 0.30 and 1.4 m. Different materials respond differently to changes in the velocity of impact.5.2 The test conditions used in Geometry GA are the same as those used in Geometry FA of Test Method D5628 (see Table 1).5.3 The test conditions of Geometry GB are equivalent to the geometry used for the Gardner Variable Height Impact Test (3).5.4 The test conditions of Geometry GC cause a punch-shear type of failure because the support-plate hole is close to the diameter of the striker.5.5 The test conditions of Geometry GD are the same as those in Test Method D3763.5.6 The test conditions of Geometry GE are the same as those in Test Method D4226, impactor head configuration H.25.5.7 Because of the nature of impact testing, the selection of a test method and striker must be somewhat arbitrary. Consider the end use environment and requirements when choosing from the available striker geometries. The selection of any one of the striker geometries is permitted.NOTE 2: Material processing can have a significant affect on the development of a plastic's physical properties. Consult relevant material standards for processing guidelines1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative ranking of materials according to the energy required to crack or break flat, rigid plastic specimens under various specified conditions of impact of a striker impacted by a falling weight.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The procedures outlined will provide data that can be used to evaluate the relative performance of wall, floor, and roof constructions under conditions representative of those sustained in actual service when subjected to impact by a heavy blunt object. See Test Method E661 for evaluation of floor and roof sheathing and Practice E73 for evaluation of roof trusses.4.2 The method is intended to be applied to relatively light construction, including, but not limited to, wood floor and roof systems, partitions framed with wood or steel studs, steel floor or roof decking systems, steel siding and wall panels, or thin concrete and masonry walls or slabs and similar assemblies.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the relative resistance of wall, floor, and roof construction to impact loading. The test is not applicable to doors.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The test has been widely used as an indicator of the relative quality or competence of various sources of aggregate having similar mineral compositions. The results do not automatically permit valid comparisons to be made between sources distinctly different in origin, composition, or structure. Assign specification limits with extreme care in consideration of available aggregate types and their performance history in specific end uses.1.1 This test method covers testing sizes of coarse aggregate larger than 19 mm (3/4 in.) for resistance to degradation using the Los Angeles testing machine (Note 1).NOTE 1: A procedure for testing coarse aggregate smaller than 37.5 mm (11/2 in.) is covered in Test Method C131/C131M.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This standard practice outlines procedures for conducting a form of low impact paintball games through the establishment of specific game rules and equipment requirements aimed at reducing the discomfort sometimes experienced by players. Like any other physical activity, paintball can cause injury, especially when players do not follow safety instructions. This practice establishes minimum safety requirements for the operation of Low Impact Paintball Playing Fields and covers basic paintball safety rules, field orientation and safety briefing, barrel blocking device regulation, goggles, chronographing procedures, required signs, emergency requirements, adequate staffing during games, fill station, and filling of paintball air systems and cylinders. It also covers adequate spectator provisions and staging area, protective barriers, game area requirements, low impact paintball markers, game rule restrictions, velocity restrictions, and paintball high pressure propellant gas storage vessel requirements.1.1 This practice establishes minimum safety requirements for the operation of Low Impact Paintball Playing Fields, and provides for certain required materials and procedures.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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