5.1 Installed geomembranes are subjected to forces from more than one direction, including forces perpendicular to the surfaces of the geomembrane. Out-of-plane deformation of a geomembrane may be useful in evaluating materials for caps where subsidence of the subsoil may be problematic.5.2 Failure mechanisms on this test may be different compared to other relatively small-scale index tests and may be beneficial for design purposes.5.3 In applications where local subsidence is expected, this test can be considered a performance test.5.4 For applications where geomembranes cannot be deformed in the fashion this test method prescribes, this test method should be considered an index test.5.5 Due to the time involved to perform this test, it is not considered practical as a quality control test.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the out-of-plane response of a geomembrane to a force that is applied perpendicular to the initial plane of the sample.1.2 When the geomembrane deforms to a prescribed geometric shape (arc of a sphere or ellipsoid), formulations are provided to convert the test data to biaxial tensile stress-strain values. These formulations cannot be used for other geometric shapes. With other geometric shapes, comparative data on deformation versus pressure is obtained.1.3 This test method requires a large-diameter pressure vessel (610 mm). Information obtained from this test method may be more appropriate for design purposes than many small-scale index tests.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 ASTM regulations require precision statements for all test methods in terms of repeatability and reproducibility. This practice may be used in obtaining the information needed to prepare a precision statement in accordance with Practice E177 and the “Blue Book.”1.1 This practice describes the techniques for planning, conducting, and analyzing the results of an interlaboratory study (ILS) conducted for certain test methods within Committee E12.1.2 This practice does not concern itself with the development of the test method but rather with the gathering of the information needed for the precision and bias statement after the completion of development of the test method. The data obtained in the ILS may indicate, however, that further effort is needed to improve the test method.1.3 This practice is concerned exclusively with test methods that derive a multi-valued measurand, such as, but not limited to, spectral reflectance, transmittance function, tristimulus values, or RGB values. Variation in measurements of such multi-valued measurands are usually analyzed by reducing the data to a single-valued parameter, such as color difference, ΔE.1.4 This practice covers methods of dealing with the non-normal distribution of the variation of sets of color-differences. This is done so that the user may derive valid statistics from such non-normal distributions.1.5 This practice does not cover test methods, even in Committee E12, whose measurands are single-valued, or whose variations are known to be normally distributed. Task groups involved with such test methods are referred to Practice E691 which contains preferable methods of analyzing data with those properties.1.6 This practice is not intended to establish a method for estimating possible color-difference tolerances.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 In using the methods of Practice D3960 to measure the VOC content of coatings, precision tends to be poor for waterborne coatings because the VOC weight fraction is determined indirectly. The present method first identifies and then quantifies the individual VOCs directly. The total VOC weight fraction is obtained by adding the individual weight fraction values.1.1 This test method is for the determination of the individual organic volatile compounds of waterborne multi-component coatings using gas chromatography (see Note 1).1.2 The method has also been used successfully to determine the speciated volatile organic content of solvent-borne multi-component coatings. Work is continuing to develop this aspect of the method and will be added to the method at a later date.NOTE 1: Currently there are no methods for the direct analysis of the VOC content of waterborne multi-component coatings. The VOC content of solvent-borne multi-component coatings is determined directly by a simple weight loss determination of the mixed components (Test Method D2369).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification defines the material requirements, performance, design, marking instructions, test methods, ancillary components, requirements for the installation, periodic maintenance when installed, and instructions for the use of multi-story building external evacuation controlled descent device (CDD) systems for emergency escape of persons who cannot use the standard exit facilities in multi-story buildings. This specification does not apply to personal escape parachutes, ropes, chain ladders or rappelling devices. This specification does not apply as well to ancillary components used with and included in CDD systems, harnesses, connecting hardware, signage, special evacuation openings, personal protection equipment or devices and other components used on CDD systems which may be installed, purchased or used in accordance with the requirements specified herein.1.1 This specification covers the requirements, performance, design, marking instructions, test methods and ancillary components of Multi-Story Building External Evacuation Controlled Descent Device (CDD) systems for emergency escape of persons who cannot use the standard exit facilities in multi-story buildings, defines requirements for their installation, periodic maintenance when installed and instructions for their use.1.2 This specification does not apply to personal escape parachutes, rope, chain ladders or rappelling devices.1.3 This specification does not apply to ancillary components used with and included in CDD systems, harnesses, connecting hardware, signage, special evacuation openings, personal protection equipment or devices and other components used on CDD systems which may be installed, purchased or used in accordance with the requirements specified herein.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 The application procedures in these test methods yield films free of the irregularities, artifacts, and variations inherent in brushing, spraying, or trowelling. Accordingly, these test methods measure the strength of autohesive bonds between two autohesive films whose topography is characteristic of the autohesive itself rather than the artifacts of the application procedure. It is recommended that this information be considered in extrapolating results from these test methods.5.2 The magnitude of the measured bond strengths also depends on other factors such as film thickness, the manner in which pressure is applied, the magnitude and duration of the application of pressure, and the temperature and humidity at various stages of the test. Accordingly, these parameters should be chosen in a manner consistent with the end use of the autohesive.5.3 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported results when using these test methods for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to diagnose the causes for lack of repeatability between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of precision. As a minimum, the two parties should select a group of test specimens and visually examine their failure modes. The average results from the two laboratories should then be compared using Student’s t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level should be chosen by the two parties before testing is begun.FIG. 1 One Type of Knife Applicator1.1 These test methods cover procedures by which autohesives can be tested in four commonly practiced stressing modes, namely: compression shear, cleavage, climbing drum peel, and T-peel, and in various combinations of rigid-to-rigid, flexible-to-rigid, and flexible-to-flexible adherends that include wood, aluminum, steel flakeboard, and plastic laminates. Quantitative test methods that involve bond formation by impact are also provided. Three pressure modes are provided: static, roller, and impact. Because there are many types of contact adhesives being used to bond many different materials under widely differing conditions, these test methods are designed to allow the user to select the test mode, coating thickness, temperature and relative humidity conditions, pressure magnitude and mode, open time, and bond-conditioning time.1.1.1 The bond-formation process used with autohesives is unlike that of all other adhesives and in consequence, testing of autohesives requires methods that are unlike those provided by other ASTM standards. See Annex A1.1.2 A choice of adherends is available in each test mode. The combination of adherends that can be bonded together is limited to those shown in Appendix X1.1.3 Methods for application of pressure are available in each test mode. For a particular combination of substrates, the means available for application of pressure are limited to those shown in Appendix X2.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 7.5.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the specifications, safety requirements, performance, design, practices, marking instructions and test methods for multi-story building external evacuation platform rescue systems (PRS) for emergency escape of persons who cannot use the normal means of egress to a safe area and for vertical transport of emergency responders. This specification is applicable only to PRSs that are permanently installed, designed for multi-cycle and repetitive use, and where descent is controlled to limit speed before arrival at a floor or landing zone. Conversely, this specification does not cover platform devices that are used primarily for purposes other than emergency evacuation and/or access, helicopters or other flying platforms, a PRS utilizing platforms that can be transported to or between buildings during operations, and a PRS using driving methods other than positive drive as drum and ropes.1.1 This specification covers the specifications, safety requirements, performance, design, practices, marking instructions and test methods for Multi-Story Building External Evacuation Platform Rescue Systems (PRS) for emergency escape of persons who cannot use the normal means of egress to a safe area and for transport of emergency responders vertically.1.2 This specification is applicable only to PRSs:1.2.1 Permanently installed;1.2.2 Designed for multi-cycle and repetitive use; and1.2.3 Where descent is controlled to limit speed before arrival at a floor or landing zone.1.3 This specification does not cover:1.3.1 Platform devices that are used primarily for purposes other than emergency evacuation or access, or both;1.3.2 Helicopters or other flying platforms;1.3.3 Any other devices covered under/within ASME A17.1;1.3.4 A PRS utilizing platform(s) that can be transported to or between buildings during operations; and1.3.5 A PRS using driving methods other than positive drive as drum and ropes.1.4 Operation of a PRS is limited to trained and authorized operators.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5.1 Exception—In 5.2.1 and 5.2.2, inch-pound units are provided in parentheses after the SI units for information only.1.6 Table of Contents:   Section 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Building Interface Requirements and Installation 4Environmental Conditions 5Fire and Smoke Protection 6Material Requirements 7Structural, Mechanical and Stability Calculations 8Mechanical and Physical Properties 9Buffers and Guides 10Suspension Wire Rope and Wire Rope Connections 11Hoisting Machines and Pulleys 12Means to Prevent Falling of the Platform(s) 13Electrical Power Requirements 14Operation, Control and Communication 15Accompanying Documents 16Markings, Warnings and Operating Instructions 17Verification of Safety Requirements 18Quality Assurance 19Maintenance 20Keywords 21Type Tests Annex A1Tests and Verifications Before First Use Annex A2Periodic Verifications Annex A3PRS Utilization Procedures Annex A4Rationale Statement Appendix X11.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The reason for preserving military sampling standards is that many organizations throughout the world still use these standards in their current form. MIL-STD-1235B is no longer supported by the U.S. Department of Defense as of the mid-1990s and is out of print, but does exist in the public domain. This practice represents a conversion of MIL-STD-1235B to an ASTM-supported standard.4.2 This practice provides the tables and procedures for applying five different types of continuous sampling plans for inspection by attributes. These continuous sampling plans are discussed in Sections 6 – 10 of this practice and each section includes information on:(1) Initiation of 100 % inspection in use.(2) Requirements on when to switch to sampling inspection.(3) Conditions warranting a return to 100 % inspection.(4) When a change in Code Letter, if desired, can be made.(5) What to do when the checking inspector finds a defect that was originally found conforming by the screening inspector(s), that is, ineffective screening.(6) Situations where a defect is found before the switch to 100 % inspection causing excessive periods of 100 % inspection so action must be taken, that is, long periods of screening.4.2.1 Section 6 (Section 2 in MIL-STD-1235B) describes specific procedures and applications of the CSP-1 sampling plans – a single-level continuous sampling procedure which provides for alternating between sequences of 100 % inspection and sampling inspection.4.2.2 Section 7 (Section 3 in MIL-STD-1235B) describes specific procedures and applications of the CSP-F sampling plans – a variation of the CSP-1 plans in that CSP-F plans are applied to a relatively short run of product, thereby permitting smaller clearance numbers to be used.4.2.3 Section 8 (Section 4 in MIL-STD-1235B) describes specific procedures and applications of the CSP-2 sampling plans – a modification of CSP-1 in that 100 % inspection resumes only after a prescribed number of defect-free units separate any two defective sample units.4.2.4 Section 9 (Section 5 in MIL-STD-1235B) describes specific procedures and applications of the CSP-T sampling plans – a multi-level continuous sampling procedure which provides for reducing the sampling frequency upon demonstration of superior product quality.4.2.5 Section 10 (Section 6 in MIL-STD-1235B) describes specific procedures and applications of the CSP-V sampling plans – a single-level continuous sampling procedure which is an alternative to CSP-T in that these plans provide for reducing the clearance number in good quality situations where reduction of sampling frequency has no economic merit.AbstractThis practice establishes tables and procedures for applying five different types of continuous sampling plans for inspection by attributes using MIL-STD-1235B as a basis for sampling a steady stream of lots indexed by AQL. This practice represents a conversion of MIL-STD1235B to an ASTM-supported standard.1.1 This practice establishes tables and procedures for applying five different types of continuous sampling plans for inspection by attributes using MIL-STD-1235B as a basis for sampling a steady stream of lots indexed by AQL.1.2 This practice provides the sampling plans of MIL-STD-1235B in ASTM format for use by ASTM committees and others. It recognizes the continuing usage of MIL-STD-1235B in industries supported by ASTM. Most of the original text in MIL-STD-1235B is preserved in Sections 6 – 10 of this practice.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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