5.1 This practice determines the effects of actinic radiation, elevated temperature, and moisture on sealants and their constituents under controlled laboratory artificial weather test conditions.5.2 When conducting exposures in devices which use laboratory light sources, it is important to consider (1) how well the artificial test conditions will reproduce property changes and failure modes caused by end-use environments on the sealant being tested and (2) the stability ranking of sealants. Refer to Practice G151 for full cautionary guidance regarding laboratory weathering.5.3 Because of differences in the spectral power distributions of the exposure sources (xenon arc, fluorescent UV lamps, and open flame carbon arc), as well as other conditions used in the three types of laboratory weathering tests, including temperature, type and amount of moisture, and test cycles, these three procedures may not result in the same performance ranking or types of failure modes of sealants. Further, different exposure durations may be required for testing the weathering performance of sealants by the three types of exposures. Comparisons should not be made of the relative stability of sealants exposed in the different types of apparatus.5.4 Variations in results may be expected when operating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of this practice. Therefore, all test results using this practice must be accompanied by a report of the specific operating conditions as required in Section 10. Refer to Practice G151 for detailed information on the caveats applicable to use of results obtained according to this practice.5.5 No laboratory exposure test can be specified as a total simulation of actual use conditions in outdoor environments. The relative durability of materials in actual use conditions can vary in different locations because of differences in UV radiation, time of wetness, relative humidity, temperature, pollutants, and other factors. Results obtained from these laboratory accelerated exposures can be considered as representative of actual use exposures only when the degree of rank correlation has been established for the specific materials being tested and when the failure mode is the same. Exposure of a similar material of known outdoor performance, a control, along with the test specimens provides for evaluation in terms of relative durability under the test conditions, which also greatly improves the agreement in test results among different laboratories.5.6 The acceleration factor relating the exposure time in a laboratory accelerated test to exposure time outdoors required to produce equivalent degradation is material dependent and can be significantly different for each material and for different formulations of the same material. Therefore, the acceleration factor determined for one material cannot be assumed to be applicable to other materials.5.7 Results of this procedure will depend on the care that is taken to operate the equipment according to Practices G152, G154, and G155. Significant factors include regulation of the line voltage, freedom from salt or other deposits from water, temperature control, humidity control, where applicable, condition and age of the burners and filters in xenon arc equipment, and age of lamps in fluorescent UV equipment.NOTE 1: Additional information on sources of variability and on strategies for addressing variability in the design, execution and data analysis of laboratory accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G141.1.1 This practice covers three types of laboratory weathering exposure procedures for evaluating the effect of actinic radiation, heat, and moisture on sealants.1.2 The exposure sources used in the three types of artificial weathering devices are the filtered xenon arc, fluorescent ultraviolet lamps, and open flame carbon arc based on Practices G155, G154, and G152, respectively.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 The ISO standard related to this Practice is ISO 11431. Significant differences exist between the procedures. The ISO specimens are exposed through glass and are elongated prior to examination for loss of adhesion or cohesion, or both, following exposure.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide provides information and guidelines for consideration by the designer or applicator of a joint seal. It explains the properties and functions of various materials, such as sealant, sealant backing, and primer, among others; and, procedures such as, substrate cleaning and priming, and installation of the components of a sealed joint. It presents guidelines for the use and application of the various materials, design of a sealant joint for a specific application, and environmental conditions and effects that are known to detrimentally affect a sealant joint. The information and guidelines are also useful for those that supply accessories to the sealant industry and for those that install sealants and accessory materials associated with sealant use.4.2 In addition to the design and installation data in this guide, consult the sealant manufacturer about applications for its products and their proper use and installation. Considering the range of properties of commercially available sealants, the variety of joint designs possible, and the many conditions of use, the information contained herein is general in nature.4.3 It should be realized that a sealant and sealant joint are expected to have a design life during which they remain functional. However, a sealant and sealant joint will also have a service life. The intent is for service life to meet or exceed design life. There are many factors that can affect service life including type of sealant polymer, sealant formulation, compatibility with adjacent materials, installation techniques or deficiencies, sealant joint design (or lack thereof), proper maintenance (or lack thereof), and environmental exposure, among others. The designer of a joint seal should take the above into consideration when designing and specifying sealants for certain applications.4.4 The design life of a sealant or sealant joint should be considered in conjunction with the design life of the structure for which it is used. For example, a building owner may require a new courthouse building to have an expected design life of 50 years. Therefore, elements of the building's exterior envelope should, with proper maintenance, be expected to perform for that time period. As a result of the information in 4.3 it should be realized that a sealant or sealant joint may not perform for that time period without proper maintenance. Proper maintenance could include replacement of localized sealant and sealant joint failures and conceivably complete sealant replacement, perhaps more than once, during that 50 year time period depending on a sealant's polymer base and its particular formulation. Sealant replacement needs to be considered and when needed should be easily accomplished.4.5 To assist the user of the guide in locating specific information, a detailed listing of guide numbered sections and their descriptors are included in Appendix X1.1.1 This guide describes the use of a cold liquid-applied sealant for joint sealing applications. Including joints on buildings and related adjacent areas, such as plazas, decks, and pavements for vehicular or pedestrian use, and types of construction other than highways and airfield pavements and bridges. Information in this guide is primarily applicable to a single and multi-component, cold liquid-applied joint sealant and secondarily to a precured sealant when used with a properly prepared joint opening and substrate surfaces.1.2 An elastomeric or non-elastomeric sealant described by this guide should meet the requirements of Specification C834, C920, or C1311.1.3 This guide does not provide information or guidelines for the use of a sealant in a structural sealant glazing application. Guide C1401 should be consulted for this information. Additionally, it also does not provide information or guidelines for the use of a sealant in an insulating glass unit edge seal used in a structural sealant glazing application. Guide C1249 should be consulted for this information.1.4 Practice C919 should be consulted for information and guidelines for the use of a sealant in an application where an acoustic joint seal is required.1.5 This guide also does not provide information relative to the numerous types of sealant that are available nor specific generic sealant properties, such as hardness, tack-free time, or curing process, among others.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parenthesis are provided for information only.1.7 The Committee with jurisdiction for this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Residential duct systems are often field designed and assembled. There are many joints, often of dissimilar materials that require both mechanical connection and air sealing. Without this sealing, duct systems would be extremely leaky and hence inefficient. While some duct sealants are rated on their properties at the time of manufacture or during storage, none of these ratings adequately addresses the in-service lifetime. This test method has been developed to address this durability issue.5.2 This standard applies to products which list duct sealing as one of their uses. This includes duct tape (cloth, metal foil, or plastic backed), mastics, and sprayed/aerosol sealants. It does not apply to caulks or plaster patches that are not intended to be permanent duct sealing methods.5.3 The standard duct leak site is a collar to plenum connection for round duct that is 10 cm to 20 cm [4 in. to 8 in.] in diameter. This perpendicular connection was chosen because almost all residential duct systems have this type of connection and in field observations of duct systems, it is often this type of connection that has sealant failure.1.1 This test method describes an accelerated aging test for evaluating the durability of duct sealants by exposure to temperatures and static pressures characteristic of residential duct systems.1.2 This test method is intended to produce a relative measure of the durability of duct sealants. This standard does not measure durability under specific conditions of weather and building operation that might be experienced by an individual building and duct system. Instead it evaluates the sealant method under fixed conditions that do not include the manifold effects of installation practice.1.3 This test method only addresses sealants not mechanical strength of the connections.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Section 7.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 The failure of a building sealant in a joint that experiences movement is manifested by cohesive failure in the sealant or adhesive failure between the sealant and substrate, or both. This test method evaluates the performance of one-part elastomeric solvent release sealants in joints subjected to movement and temperature aging.1.1 This test method is a laboratory procedure that determines the adhesion and cohesion performance of one-part elastomeric, solvent release sealants at high and low temperatures by the extension and compression of test specimens.1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.3 The subcommittee with jurisdiction is not aware of any similar ISO standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionary statement, see Note 2.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers the types, grades, and physical properties of aerosol polyurethane and aerosol latex foams extruded from pressurized containers and intended for building envelope air barrier sealant applications in building construction.1.2 For specific aerosol foam sealant applications, operational temperature limit criteria shall be as agreed upon between the aerosol sealant manufacturer and the purchaser.1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information and approximation only.1.4 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 The quantity of volatile components in FIPG silicone adhesive and sealant by-products can be established by this test method. This test method does not identify the components.1.1 This practice covers the quantitative determination of the volatile matter evolved during the curing process of silicone adhesives and sealants for transportation applications.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice is intended to measure air flow through materials used to fill joints found in building construction.5.2 This practice does not purport to establish all required criteria for the selection of an air barrier assembly. Therefore, the results should be used only for comparison purposes and should not be seen as the equivalent to field installed building systems.1.1 This practice is intended to determine the air leakage rate of aerosol foam sealants as measured in a standardized jig. This practice provides a procedure for preparing the test apparatus and further describes the application of aerosol foam sealant and other joint fillers to the apparatus prior to conducting Test Method E283.1.2 This practice allows testing laboratories to quantify the air leakage rate of aerosol foam sealants or joint filling products using Test Method E283 and reporting the data in L/(s · m2) according to Practice E29.1.3 This practice is used in conjunction with Test Method E283. Although Test Method E283 is a laboratory test method used with fenestration products, individuals interested in performing field air leakage tests on installed units should reference Test Method E783 and AAMA 502.1.4 Aerosol foam sealants are used for a variety of end use applications generally intended to reduce air leakage in the building envelope.1.5 Insulating type materials also will be found suitable for evaluation with this practice.1.6 There are no other known practices or test methods that specify the preparation of the assemblies used to determine the air leakage rate of gap filling sealants, dry preformed foams or insulations.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Post dispensing volumetric expansion factor F indicates the ratio of the fully cured foam sealant volume and the initially dispensed foam sealant volume. For example, if the expansion factor F were 2, the fully cured foam would double its initial volume; therefore, one should fill 50 % of the cavity uniformly to anticipate the full coverage upon curing.5.2 Post dispensing volumetric expansion factor F does not predict the performance capability of the foam sealants of the suitability for the intended applications.5.3 This test method is intended to lend guidance in product selection as related to the post dispensing expansion characteristics of the aerosol foam sealants.5.4 This test method recognizes that the results are reflective of controlled laboratory conditions. Post dispensing expansion in field applications may vary according to temperature, humidity, and surfaces that the aerosol foam sealants are in contact with.1.1 This test method measures the volumetric expansion of aerosol foam sealants after dispensing.1.2 This test method provides a means for estimating the quantity of initial material required to dispense in order to fill a cavity.1.3 Aerosol foam sealants are used for a variety of applications intended to reduce airflow through the building envelope.1.4 This test method applies to two types of single component aerosol foam sealants: polyurethane and latex.1.5 There are no other known standard test methods to measure aerosol foam sealants post dispensing expansion.1.6 Values are reported in SI units only. Certain apparatus and supply items are referenced in inch-pound units for purchasing purposes.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 EIFS are barrier-type systems that must be weatherproofed to prevent the passage of moisture, air, dust, heat, and cold from entering a structure.5.2 This test method is intended to determine the adhesion properties of the sealant with the EIFS substrate as determined by its tensile adhesive properties for dry, wet, frozen, heat-aged, and artificial weather-aged conditions.1.1 This test method describes a laboratory procedure for measuring tensile adhesion properties of sealants to exterior insulation and finish systems (EIFS) under dry, wet, frozen, heat-aged, and artificial weather-aged conditions.1.2 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

4.1 Frequently, glass or other glazing or panel materials are structurally adhered with a sealant to a metal framing system. The sealants used for these applications are designed to provide a structural link between the glazing or panel and the framing system.4.2 Although this test method is conducted at one prescribed environmental condition, other environmental conditions and duration cycles can be employed.1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for quantitatively measuring the tensile adhesion properties of structural sealants, hereinafter referred to as the “sealant”.1.2 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: Two ISO standards are known that develop similar information to C1135; ISO 8339 and ISO 8340.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 The results obtained by this test method are simply a measure of the time required to extrude a known volume of sealant through a known orifice under a predetermined pressure.4.2 This test method is not considered a measure of cure rate.1.1 This test method covers two laboratory procedures for determining the extrusion rate and application life (or “pot life”) of elastomeric chemically curing sealants for use in building construction.NOTE 1: These sealants are supplied with various rheological properties ranging from pourable liquids to nonsagging pastes. Single-component sealants are supplied ready for use upon opening the container, and their rate of cure is determined by the climatic conditions to which they are exposed. Multicomponent sealants are supplied as a base component and a curing agent separately packaged. After mixing the two parts, the sealant is ready for application, and curing begins immediately.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.3 There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

7.1 Not all sealants meeting this specification should be presumed to be suitable for all applications and all substrates. This specification assists in selecting sealants that meet certain minimum standards of performance.7.2 This specification does not evaluate the adhesion of the secondary sealant to the IG unit spacer. Adhesion of the secondary sealant to the spacer is generally considered necessary for the successful performance of the IG unit edge seal.7.3 When specifying a sealant using this specification, it is essential that the applicable type and use also be included in the requirements. This will ensure that the proper sealant is provided for the intended use.7.4 IG units qualified by this specification shall have a low moisture vapor transmission sealant for a primary seal and a structural silicone sealant for a secondary seal.7.5 This specification does not address appropriate sealant stiffness since the appropriate stiffness is a function of the particular insulating glass system in which the sealant is used (that is, varies with spacer, shape and set back, and sealant configuration). Test Method C1265 can assist in evaluating these aspects of the sealant in a particular IG system.AbstractThis specification covers cold, liquid-applied, single or multi-component, chemically curing, elastomeric secondary edge sealants for sealed structurally glazed insulating glass units. Only the minimum acceptable test requirements for and the durability of these materials are described by this specification. A sealant that qualifies under this specification is classified into two types according to the number of components and into two uses according to application. Sealants should conform to the required values of extrudability, rheology, hardness, heat aging, weight loss, cracking, chalking, durability, tensile strength, and minimum shelf life.1.1 This specification describes the properties of cold, liquid-applied, single or multi-component, chemically curing, elastomeric sealants used as the secondary seal of sealed insulating glass units, hereinafter referred to as the “sealant” (see Fig. 1). These sealants are intended to be a structural component of sealed insulating glass (IG) units used in structural sealant glazing (hereinafter referred to as SSG). Typical designs and considerations can be found in Guide C1249. Presently only certain silicone sealants are recognized as having the necessary durability for use as secondary sealant in IG units in SSG applications.FIG. 1 Cutaway Section of IG Unit Edge Seal1.2 This specification does not describe all of the necessary properties of the sealant. Only those properties for which there are ASTM test methods and industry-agreed-upon minimum acceptable test requirements are described by this specification. Additional properties will be added as ASTM test methods for these properties become available.1.3 This specification only addresses the durability of the secondary edge sealants for structurally glazed insulating glass units. Durability of sealed insulating glass units can be found in specifications and guides that reside within ASTM Committee E06.1.4 The committee with jurisdiction for this standard is not aware of any comparable standard published by other organizations.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information purposes only.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Preformed tape sealants are tacky, deformable solids that are used under compression between two substrates in various sealing applications. These tapes are usually supplied in roll form with a release paper interlayer. When the roll is unwound and the release paper is removed from the preformed tape sealant, there should be no transfer of the preformed tape sealant to the release paper, nor any residue left on the paper. These methods will give a qualitative indication of whether or not the release paper can be removed cleanly from a preformed tape sealant after a controlled exposure period.5.2 Alternative procedures are listed because some preformed tape sealants are normally used under field conditions where elevated temperatures can be encountered, while other preformed tape sealants are normally used under more controlled environments in “assembly line” operations.1.1 These test methods cover laboratory procedures for evaluating the release characteristics of a release paper intended to be supplied in direct contact with a preformed tape sealant.1.2 The values stated in metric (SI) units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.1.3 The subcommittee with jurisdiction is not aware of any similar ISO standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 The guide provides recommendations for substrates and methods of surface preparation to be used in comparative tests of building seals and sealants.1.1 This guide describes the recommended standard substrates and their recommended surface preparation for use in standard tests of building seals and sealants.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the peel strength of a hot-applied sealant, hereafter referred to as the sealant, when installed between flexible metal substrates of a T-type configuration. It also provides information on the adhesion of the sealant to the tested substrates.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.3 The committee having jurisdiction for this specification is not aware of any similar ISO standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元