This specification defines chemical, dimensional, physical and mechanical requirements for quenched and tempered bolts manufactured from steel and alloy steel, in inch dimensions. Structural bolting assemblies are designated as Grade 144. Bolts are designated by type denoting raw material chemical composition: Type 1 (144ksi - carbon steel, carbon boron steel, alloy steel or alloy steel with boron addition) and Type 3 (144ksi - weathering steel). Bolts manufactured under this specification, and structural bolting assemblies supplied under this specification, are intended for use in structural connections covered in the Specification for Structural Joints Using High-Strength Bolts and installed using the torque-and-angle or part turn/combined installation method.This specification covers materials and manufacturing practice requirements; permitted coatings; dimensions, threads, marking, and matching components; chemical and mechanical properties; testing and lot control; workmanship; quality assurance; and product marking. Products shall undergo tensile strength, proof load, surface discontinuities, hardness, micro-hardness, carburization/decarburization, coating thickness, magnetic particle, rotational capacity, and assembly tension testing.1.1 This specification covers chemical, dimensional, physical and mechanical requirements for quenched and tempered bolts manufactured from steel and alloy steel, in inch dimensions. The bolts are available as structural bolting assemblies which include a fixed spline bolt, a suitable nut and at least one washer covered by reference herein.1.2 Intended Use: 1.2.1 Bolts manufactured under this specification, and structural bolting assemblies supplied under this specification, are intended for use in structural connections covered in the Specification for Structural Joints Using High-Strength Bolts and installed using the torque-and-angle or part turn/combined installation method.1.2.2 Structural bolting assemblies in this specification are furnished in nominal diameters from 1/2 to 1-1/4 in. inclusive.1.3 Classification: 1.3.1 Structural bolting assemblies are designated as Grade 144.1.3.2 Bolts are designated by type denoting raw material chemical composition.Type 1 - 144ksi - carbon steel, carbon boron steel, alloy steel or alloy steel with boron additionType 3 - 144ksi - weathering steel1.4 Terms used in the specification are defined in Terminology F1789.1.4.1 Torque-and-Angle Fixed-Spline Structural Bolt—bolt that includes an integral fixed-spline end which extends beyond the threaded portion of the bolt and is used as a component of a torque-and-angle fixed-spline structural bolting assembly.1.4.2 Torque-and-Angle Fixed-Spline Structural Bolting Assembly2— a fastener assembly comprised of a torque-and-angle fixed-spline bolt with a suitable nut and at least one washer, installed and tightened using a special electric wrench and socket system which has an inner socket that engages the fixed-spline end of the bolt and with an outer socket that engages and turns the nut, in two separate and distinct operations, the first is a controlled torque application and the second is a specified angle.1.4.3 Combined Method—A tightening method comprised of two steps, the first tightening step using a torque regulating tool and the second tightening step in which a specified turn is applied to the turned part of the assembly. Also known as the ‘part turn method’.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers the requirements for quenched and tempered alloy steel screws 0.060 through 1 1/2 inches in diameter having a minimum ultimate tensile strength of 170 KSI. High strength screws shall be heat treated by quenching in oil from above the transformation temperature and then tempered by reheating to at least 797°F to within the hardness range. One or more of the following alloying elements: chromium, nickel, molybdenum, or vanadium shall be present in sufficient quantity to ensure that the specified strength properties are met after oil quenching and tempering. The hardness limits shall be met anywhere on the cross section through the threads, one diameter from the screw point.1.1 This specification covers the requirements for quenched and tempered alloy steel screws 0.060 through 11/2 in. and 1.6 through 48 mm in diameter having a minimum ultimate tensile strength of 170 KSI or 1170 MPa.1.2 The values are stated in inch-pound units for inch fasteners and SI metric units for metric fasteners. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance to the standard.1.3 The following hazard caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers the requirements for quenched and tempered alloy steel screws 1.6 mm through 48 mm in diameter having a minimum ultimate tensile strength of 1170 MPa. The screws shall be fabricated from steel made to fine grain practice and shall have an austenitic grain size of 5 or finer. In the event of controversy over grain size, referee tests on finished screws conducted in accordance with Test Methods E112 shall prevail. One or more of the following alloying elements: chromium, nickel, molybdenum, or vanadium shall be present in the steel in sufficient quantity to ensure the specified strength properties are met after oil quenching and tempering. The hardness limits shall be met anywhere on the cross section through the threads, one diameter from the screw point as determined using Test Methods F606M.1.1 This specification covers the requirements for quenched and tempered alloy steel screws 1.6 mm through 48 mm in diameter having a minimum ultimate tensile strength of 1170 MPa.Note 1—This specification is the metric companion of Specification F2882.1.2 The following hazard caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This specification covers operating characteristics of tensile testing machines for the determination of the force-elongation properties of textile materials. Types of tensile machine covered in this specification are constant-rate-of-extension, constant-rate-of-traverse, and constant-rate-of-loading. Testing machines calibration shall be verified using the methods indicated in this specification, especially when moved to different locations to make sure that they still meet the specified tolerances. Motor-driven machine is preferred over manually driven machine. Constant-rate-of-traverse type machines shall not be used for measuring forces below fifty times their resolution. Machines shall be equipped with a device for measuring force. Clamping or holding devices shall be prescribed in test methods. Maximum allowable error, indicated force, recorded elongation, nominal gage length, and moving clamp speed shall be within the tolerances prescribed in the individual standards. Verification methods for recorded clamp displacement, recorded elongation, and nominal gage length, shall conform to the procedures indicated in this specification.1.1 This specification covers the operating characteristics of three types of tensile testing machines used for the determination of the force-elongation properties of textile materials. These types of tensile testing machines are:1.1.1 Constant-rate-of-extension, CRE.1.1.2 Constant-rate-of-traverse, CRT.1.1.3 Constant-rate-of-loading (force), CRL.1.2 Specifications for tensile testing machines to measure other tensile-related properties of textile materials not covered by this standard are given in the ASTM standards using those machines.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method may be used for material development, material comparison, quality assurance, characterization, reliability assessment, and design data generation.4.2 Continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites generally characterized by crystalline matrices and ceramic fiber reinforcements are candidate materials for structural applications requiring high degrees of wear and corrosion resistance, and elevated-temperature inherent damage tolerance (that is, toughness). In addition, continuous fiber-reinforced glass (amorphous) matrix composites are candidate materials for similar but possibly less demanding applications. Although flexural test methods are commonly used to evaluate strengths of monolithic advanced ceramics, the nonuniform stress distribution of the flexure test specimen, in addition to dissimilar mechanical behavior in tension and compression for CFCCs, leads to ambiguity of interpretation of strength results obtained from flexure tests for CFCCs. Uniaxially loaded tensile strength tests provide information on mechanical behavior and strength for a uniformly stressed material.4.3 Unlike monolithic advanced ceramics that fracture catastrophically from a single dominant flaw, CFCCs generally experience “graceful” (that is, non-catastrophic, ductile-like stress-strain behavior) fracture from a cumulative damage process. Therefore, the volume of material subjected to a uniform tensile stress for a single uniaxially loaded tensile test may not be as significant a factor in determining the ultimate strengths of CFCCs. However, the need to test a statistically significant number of tensile test specimens is not obviated. Therefore, because of the probabilistic nature of the strengths of the brittle fibers and matrices of CFCCs, a sufficient number of test specimens at each testing condition is required for statistical analysis and design. Studies to determine the influence of test specimen volume or surface area on strength distributions for CFCCs have not been completed. It should be noted that tensile strengths obtained using different recommended tensile test specimen geometries with different volumes of material in the gage sections may be different due to these volume differences.4.4 Tensile tests provide information on the strength and deformation of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses. Uniform stress states are required to effectively evaluate any nonlinear stress-strain behavior that may develop as the result of cumulative damage processes (for example, matrix cracking, matrix/fiber debonding, fiber fracture, delamination, and so forth) that may be influenced by testing mode, testing rate, effects of processing or combinations of constituent materials, environmental influences, or elevated temperatures. Some of these effects may be consequences of stress corrosion or subcritical (slow) crack growth that can be minimized by testing at sufficiently rapid rates as outlined in this test method.4.5 The results of tensile tests of test specimens fabricated to standardized dimensions from a particular material or selected portions of a part, or both, may not totally represent the strength and deformation properties of the entire, full-size end product or its in-service behavior in different environments or various elevated temperatures.4.6 For quality control purposes, results derived from standardized tensile test specimens may be considered indicative of the response of the material from which they were taken for the particular primary processing conditions and post-processing heat treatments.4.7 The tensile behavior and strength of a CFCC are dependent on its inherent resistance to fracture, the presence of flaws, or damage accumulation processes, or both. Analysis of fracture surfaces and fractography, though beyond the scope of this test method, is recommended.1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile strength, including stress-strain behavior, under monotonic uniaxial loading of continuous fiber-reinforced advanced ceramics at elevated temperatures. This test method addresses, but is not restricted to, various suggested test specimen geometries as listed in the appendixes. In addition, test specimen fabrication methods, testing modes (force, displacement, or strain control), testing rates (force rate, stress rate, displacement rate, or strain rate), allowable bending, temperature control, temperature gradients, and data collection and reporting procedures are addressed. Tensile strength as used in this test method refers to the tensile strength obtained under monotonic uniaxial loading, where monotonic refers to a continuous nonstop test rate with no reversals from test initiation to final fracture.1.2 This test method applies primarily to advanced ceramic matrix composites with continuous fiber reinforcement: unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D), and tridirectional (3D) or other multi-directional reinforcements. In addition, this test method may also be used with glass (amorphous) matrix composites with 1D, 2D, 3D, and other multi-directional continuous fiber reinforcements. This test method does not directly address discontinuous fiber-reinforced, whisker-reinforced, or particulate-reinforced ceramics, although the test methods detailed here may be equally applicable to these composites.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard and are in accordance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Refer to Section 7 for specific precautions.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method can be used to obtain the tensile force capacity and ultimate tensile strain of FRP material used for the strengthening of other structural materials such as, metals, timber, and reinforced concrete. The principal test variables could be the FRP constituents and fabrication method or the size or type of FRP laminate. The obtained tensile properties can be used for material specifications, quality control and assurance, structural design and analysis, and research and development.5.2 This test method focuses on the FRP material itself, irrespective of the gripping method. Therefore, maximum force and strain data associated with failure or pullout at either grip are disregarded. The force capacity and maximum strain measurements are based solely on test specimens that fail in the gauge section.1.1 This test method describes the requirements for sample preparation, tensile testing, and results calculation of flat fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials used for the strengthening of structures made of materials such as metals, timber, masonry, and reinforced concrete. The method may be used to determine the tensile properties of wet lay-up and pre-impregnated FRP composites fabricated on site or manufactured in a factory setting. The FRP composite may be of either unidirectional (0-degrees) or cross-ply (0/90 type) reinforcement. For cross-ply laminates, the construction may be achieved using multiple-layers of unidirectional fibers at either 0 or 90 degrees, or one or more layers of stitched or woven 0/90 fabrics. The composite material forms are limited to continuous fiber or discontinuous fiber-reinforced composites in which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The method only covers the determination of the tensile properties of the FRP composite material. Other components used to attach the FRP material to the substrate, such as the primer, putty, and adhesive in externally bonded strengthening systems, are excluded from the sample preparation and testing detailed in this document. This test method refers to Test Method D3039/D3039M for conduct of the tests.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is designed to produce through-thickness failure data for structural design and analysis, quality assurance, and research and development. Factors that influence the through-thickness tensile strength, and should therefore be reported, include the following: material and fabric reinforcement, methods of material and fabric preparation, methods of processing and specimen fabrication, specimen stacking sequence, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, speed of testing, time at temperature, void content, and volume reinforcement content.1.1 This test method determines the through-thickness “flatwise” tensile strength and elastic modulus of fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite materials. A tensile force is applied normal to the plane of the composite laminate using adhesively bonded thick metal end-tabs. The composite material forms are limited to continuous fiber (unidirectional reinforcement or two-dimensional fabric) or discontinuous fiber (nonwoven or chopped) reinforced composites.1.2 The through-thickness strength results using this test method will in general not be comparable to Test Method D6415 since this method subjects a relatively large volume of material to an almost uniform stress field while Test Method D6415 subjects a small volume of material to a non-uniform stress field.1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.3.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 Test Method D3822 using test specimens having gauge lengths of 10 mm [0.4 in.] or greater is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since the test method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. Critical differences noted in Tables 1 and 2 were obtained on man-made fibers having a gauge length of 25 mm [1.0 in.] and 250 mm [10 in.]. Natural fibers or fibers having lesser or greater gauge lengths may provide different values and may require comparative testing. (See 5.1.1.)(A) The critical differences were calculated using t = 1.960, which is based on infinite degrees of freedom.(A) The critical differences were calculated using t = 1.960, which is based on infinite degrees of freedom5.1.1 In cases of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D3822 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing begins. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results for that material in view of test results with consideration to the known bias.5.2 The breaking tenacity, calculated from the breaking force and the linear density, and the elongation are fundamental properties that are widely used to establish limitations on fiber processing or conversion and on their end-use applications. Initial modulus is a measure of the resistance of the fiber to extension at forces below the yield point. The tangent modulus and tensile stress at specified elongation may be used to differentiate between the probable performance of fibers in processing and end-use performance. The breaking toughness is an indication of the durability of materials produced from the fiber.5.3 It is recognized that computerized results are used extensively in the industry. When comparing results from two laboratories using computerized tensile testers, the algorithms used to derive results must be examined for parity, that is, how the maximum slope and specimen failure or rupture are determined.5.4 The breaking strength of wet fibers tested in air may be different from wet fibers tested while immersed.5.4.1 Tests on wet specimens are usually made only on fibers which show a loss in breaking force when wet or when exposed to high humidity, for example, yarns made from animal fibers and man-made fibers based on regenerated and modified cellulose. Wet tests are made on flax fiber to detect adulteration by failure to show a gain in breaking force.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tensile properties of natural and man-made single textile fibers of sufficient length to permit mounting test specimens in a tensile testing machine.1.2 This test method is also applicable to continuous (filament) and discontinuous (staple) fibers or filaments taken from yarns or tow. When the fibers to be tested contain crimp, or if the tow or yarns have been subjected to bulking, crimping, or texturing process, the tensile properties are determined after removal of the crimp.NOTE 1: Testing of filaments taken from yarns or tow, included in this test method was originally covered in Test Method D2101, that is discontinued.1.3 The words “fiber” and “filament” are used interchangeably throughout this test method.1.4 This test method is also applicable to fibers removed from yarns, or from yarns processed further into fabrics. It should be recognized that yarn and manufacturing processes can influence or modify the tensile properties of fibers. Consequently, tensile properties determined on fibers taken from yarns, or from yarns that have been processed into fabrics, may be different than for the same fibers prior to being subjected to yarn or fabric manufacturing processes.1.5 This test method provides directions for measuring the breaking force and elongation at break of single textile fibers and for calculating breaking tenacity, initial modulus, chord modulus, tangent modulus, tensile stress at specified elongation, and breaking toughness.1.6 Procedures for measuring the tensile properties of both conditioned and wet single fibers are included. The test method is applicable to testing under a wide range of conditions.1.7 As the length of the test specimen decreases, the tensile strength is likely to increase, but the accuracy of the tensile properties determined may decrease, which may require the need to increase the number of test specimens. This is particularly true for those properties dependent on the measurement of elongation, since the shorter lengths increase the relative effect of slippage and stretching of the test specimens within the jaws of either clamp.1.8 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers the chemical and mechanical requirements for three grades (Grades A, B, and C) of carbon steel bolts and studs in specified sizes. This specification does not cover the requirements for machine screws, thread cutting/forming screws, mechanical expansion anchors, or other similar externally threaded fasteners. When tested, sampled specimens shall adhere to specified values for chemical composition, hardness, tensile strength, yield point, elongation, and dimensions.1.1 This specification2 covers the chemical and mechanical requirements of two grades of carbon steel bolts and studs in sizes 1/4 in. through 4 in. The fasteners are designated by “Grade” denoting tensile strength and intended use, as follows:Grade Description   Grade A Bolts, studs, and threaded rod having a minimum tensile strength of 60 ksi and intended for general applications,Grade B Bolts, studs, and threaded rodA having a tensile strength of 60 to 100 ksi and intended for flanged joints in piping systems with cast iron flanges, andGrade C Replaced by Specification F1554 Gr.361.2 This specification does not cover requirements for machine screws, thread cutting/forming screws, mechanical expansion anchors or similar externally threaded fasteners.1.3 Suitable nuts are covered in Specification A563. Unless otherwise specified, the grade and style of nut for each grade of fastener, of all surface finishes, shall be as follows:Fastener Grade and Size Nut Grade and StyleA      A 1/4 to 11/2 in.     A, hex      A over 11/2 to 4 in.     A, heavy hex      B, 1/4 to 4 in.     A, heavy hex1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 Supplementary Requirement S1 of an optional nature is provided, which describes additional restrictions to be applied when bolts are to be welded. It shall apply only when specified in the inquiry, order, and contract.1.6 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method may be used for material development, material comparison, quality assurance, characterization, reliability assessment, and design data generation.4.2 High-strength, monolithic advanced ceramic materials are generally characterized by small grain sizes (<50 μm) and bulk densities near the theoretical density. These materials are candidates for load-bearing structural applications requiring high degrees of wear and corrosion resistance and elevated-temperature strength. Although flexural test methods are commonly used to evaluate strength of advanced ceramics, the nonuniform stress distribution of the flexure specimen limits the volume of material subjected to the maximum applied stress at fracture. Uniaxially loaded tensile strength tests provide information on strength-limiting flaws from a greater volume of uniformly stressed material.4.3 Because of the probabilistic strength distributions of brittle materials such as advanced ceramics, a sufficient number of test specimens at each testing condition is required for statistical analysis and eventual design with guidelines for sufficient numbers provided in this test method. Size-scaling effects as discussed in Practice C1239 will affect the strength values. Therefore, strengths obtained using different recommended tensile test specimen geometries with different volumes or surface areas of material in the gage sections will be different due to these size differences. Resulting strength values can, in principle, be scaled to an effective volume or effective surface area of unity as discussed in Practice C1239.4.4 Tensile tests provide information on the strength and deformation of materials under uniaxial stresses. Uniform stress states are required to effectively evaluate any nonlinear stress-strain behavior which may develop as the result of testing mode, testing rate, processing or alloying effects, environmental influences, or elevated temperatures. These effects may be consequences of stress corrosion or sub-critical (slow) crack growth which can be minimized by testing at appropriately rapid rates as outlined in this test method.4.5 The results of tensile tests of specimens fabricated to standardized dimensions from a particular material or selected portions of a part, or both, may not totally represent the strength and deformation properties of the entire full-size end product or its in-service behavior in different environments.4.6 For quality control purposes, results derived from standardized tensile test specimens can be considered to be indicative of the response of the material from which they were taken for particular primary processing conditions and post-processing heat treatments.4.7 The tensile strength of a ceramic material is dependent on both its inherent resistance to fracture and the presence of flaws. Analysis of fracture surfaces and fractography as described in Practice C1322 and MIL-HDBK-790, though beyond the scope of this test method, are recommended for all purposes, especially for design data.1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile strength under uniaxial loading of monolithic advanced ceramics at elevated temperatures. This test method addresses, but is not restricted to, various suggested test specimen geometries as listed in the appendix. In addition, test specimen fabrication methods, testing modes (force, displacement, or strain control), testing rates (force rate, stress rate, displacement rate, or strain rate), allowable bending, and data collection and reporting procedures are addressed. Tensile strength as used in this test method refers to the tensile strength obtained under uniaxial loading.1.2 This test method applies primarily to advanced ceramics which macroscopically exhibit isotropic, homogeneous, continuous behavior. While this test method applies primarily to monolithic advanced ceramics, certain whisker- or particle-reinforced composite ceramics as well as certain discontinuous fiber-reinforced composite ceramics may also meet these macroscopic behavior assumptions. Generally, continuous fiber ceramic composites (CFCCs) do not macroscopically exhibit isotropic, homogeneous, continuous behavior and application of this test method to these materials is not recommended.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard and are in accordance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Refer to Section 7 for specific precautions.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

4.1 The tensile elongation property determined by this practice is of value for the characterization of degradable materials. It is possible that the tensile elongation property will vary with specimen thickness, method of preparation, speed of testing, type of grips used, and manner of measuring test extension. Consequently, where precise comparative results are desired, these factors must be carefully controlled.4.2 It is acceptable to use the tensile elongation property to provide data for research and development and engineering design as well as quality control specifications. However, data from such tests cannot be considered significant for applications differing widely from the load-time scale of the test employed.4.3 Materials that fail by tearing give anomalous data that cannot be compared with those from normal failure.4.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference needs to be made to the specifications of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters or a combination thereof, covered in the material specifications shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no material specifications, then the default conditions apply.1.1 This practice covers the determination of a degradation-end point (a brittle point) for degradable polyethylene/polypropylene films and sheeting less than 1.0 mm (0.04 in.) thick. This practice is not intended for determination of the rate or degree of degradation of a polyethylene/polypropylene film or sheet, but rather, to assess when in the course of its degradation under some condition, a brittle point is reached. If one wishes to monitor tensile elongation during the degradation process (such as when the tensile elongation is significantly greater than 5 %), Test Method D882 is recommended. This practice is not to be considered the only way of determining a degradation-end point.1.2 Tensile properties of plastics 1.0 mm (0.04 in.) or greater in thickness shall be determined in accordance with Test Method D638.1.3 Use a static weighing-constant rate of grip separation test. This procedure employs a constant rate of separation of the grips holding the sample and a static load cell.NOTE 1: This procedure is based on the use of grip separation as a measure of extension; however, the desirability of using extension indicators accurate to ±1.0 % or better as specified in Test Method D638 is recognized, and a provision for the use of such instrumentation is incorporated in the procedure.1.4 This procedure has been successful for determining the degradation end point of ethylene-carbon-monoxide copolymers and has screened successfully two other additive-type polyethylenes in a round robin test.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 There is no equivalent ISO standard.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification provides the chemical, physical and mechanical requirements for quenched and tempered bolts manufactured from steel and alloy steel, in inch and metric dimensions, in two strength grades, two types and two styles. It is intended to ensure alignment between standards with the same intended end use and to simplify the use and maintenance of structural bolt specifications.1.1 This specification covers chemical, physical and mechanical requirements for quenched and tempered bolts manufactured from steel and alloy steel, in inch and metric dimensions, in two strength grades, two types and two styles.1.1.1 This specification is a consolidation and replacement of six ASTM standards, including; A325, A325M, A490, A490M, F1852 and F2280.1.1.2 This consolidated standard is to ensure alignment between standards with the same intended end use and to simplify the use and maintenance of structural bolt specifications.1.2 Intended Use: 1.2.1 Bolts manufactured under this specification are intended for use in structural connections covered in the Specification for Structural Joints Using High-Strength Bolts, as approved by the Research Council on Structural Connections.1.2.2 Bolts in this specification are furnished in sizes from 1/2 to 1-1/2 in. inclusive and from M12 to M36 inclusive.1.3 Classification, Table 1: 1.3.1 Bolts are designated by grade, which indicates inch or metric strength and style.1.3.2 Bolts are designated by type denoting raw material chemical composition.1.3.3 Bolts are designated by style denoting Heavy Hex bolts or “Twist-Off” Style assemblies.1.4 Terms used in this specification are defined in F1789.1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.6 Table footnotes are requirements. Notes are advisory.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

4.1 Tension tests provide reasonably accurate information with regard to the tensile strength of adhesives. Tensile strength data may be suitable for specification acceptance, service evaluation, manufacturing control, research, and development. Tension tests are not considered significant for applications differing from the test in rate, direction, and type of loading.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative tensile strength of adhesives by the use of bar- and rod-shaped butt-joined specimens under defined conditions of preparation, conditioning, and testing. This test method is applicable to the testing of adhesives with various adherend materials in either similar or dissimilar combinations.NOTE 1: An alternative test method for determining the tensile strength of adhesives is Test Method D897.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is used to produce transverse tensile property data for material specifications, research and development, quality assurance, and structural design and analysis. Factors which influence the transverse tensile response and should, therefore, be reported are: material, methods of material preparation, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing, void content, and fiber volume fraction. Properties, in the test direction, which may be obtained from this test method include: 5.1.1 Transverse Tensile Strength, 5.1.2 Transverse Tensile Strain at Failure, 5.1.3 Transverse Tensile Modulus of Elasticity, E22, and 5.1.4 Poisson's Ratio, υ21. 1.1 This test method determines the transverse tensile properties of wound polymer matrix composites reinforced by high-modulus continuous fibers. It describes testing of hoop wound (90°) cylinders in axial tension for determination of transverse tensile properties. 1.2 The technical content of this test method has been stable since 1993 without significant objection from its stakeholders. As there is limited technical support for the maintenance of this test method, changes since that date have been limited to items required to retain consistency with other ASTM D30 Committee standards, including editorial changes and incorporation of updated guidance on specimen preconditioning and environmental testing. The test method, therefore, should not be considered to include any significant changes in approach and practice since 1993. Future maintenance of the test method will only be in response to specific requests and performed only as technical support allows. 1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. 1.3.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers two types of quenched and tempered, steel, metric heavy hex structural bolts. The bolts are intended for use in structural connections. The bolts are furnished in sizes M12 to M36 inclusive. They are designated by type denoting chemical composition as follows: Type 1—Medium-carbon, carbon boron, medium carbon alloy, or alloy boron steel; and Type 3—Weathering Steel. Materials shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of heat treatment, threading, hot-dip and mechanically coated zinc coatings, lubrication, secondary processing, chemical composition, mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile properties, and rotational capacity.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元