本标准适用于市政工程全生命周期各阶段,包括规划、设计、施工及运维。在建模方面,明确市政工程各专业(如道路、桥梁、隧道等)在不同应用阶段交付标准详细规定不同阶段模型交付内容、格式及颗粒度等要求。如施工阶段的BIM总平面布置,交付物宜包含总平面布置模型、漫游动画视频等;结构深化设计交付物包含结构施工深化模型、模型碰撞检查文件等。此外,书中还分析多个市政工程BIM应用案例,为标准应用提供实践参考,助力市政工程借助BIM技术实现高效、精准建设与管理。(方案设计到运维)的模型建立规则、架构、单元规定。例如,各专业模型需统一采用现行国家大地坐标系和高程基准,创建前确定统一工程原点、单位与度量制。
本标准涵盖了半导体热电致冷器件多项可靠性测试。包括导线拉力测试,需施加不同方向静负荷并检查引出线;高温存储测试在特定温度下持续一定时间并测试内阻变化;恒定湿热测试于恒温恒湿环境进行;还有电致冷致热交变、耐压力、机械振动等测试,每项测试都有对应的设备、环境、试样制备、步骤及结果评估要求,适用于该器件可靠性测试,确保其在多种条件下性能稳定。Thisstandardcoversmultiplereliabilitytestsforsemiconductorthermoelectriccooling(TEC)devices.Itincludesthewiretensiontest,whichrequiresapplyingstaticloadsindifferentdirectionsandcheckingtheleadwires;thehigh-temperaturestoragetest,whichisconductedataspecifictemperatureforacertainperiodandinvolvestestingtheinternalresistancechange;theconstanttemperatureandhumiditytest,whichiscarriedoutinaconstanttemperatureandhumidityenvironment;aswellastheelectro-coolingandheatingalternatingtest,pressureresistancetest,mechanicalvibrationtest,etc.Eachtesthascorrespondingrequirementsforequipment,environment,samplepreparation,proceduresandresultevaluation,whichisapplicabletothereliabilitytestofthedevicestoensuretheirstableperformanceundervariousconditions.
本标准规定了车载用半导体热电致冷器件的型号命名、工作环境、总体要求等内容。命名由半导体热电制冷器件符号、结构类别等五部分组成。器件按最高工作温度分低温、中温、高温三类,工作环境对温度、湿度等有要求。总体要求涵盖外形尺寸等基本要求及内部元件要求。性能要求包括参数、防护等多方面性能,还规定了试验方法、检验规则及标志、包装等内容,适用于该器件生产与检验。Thisstandardspecifiesthemodelnaming,workingenvironment,andoverallrequirementsforvehicle-mountedsemiconductorthermoelectriccooling(TEC)devices.Thenamingconsistsoffivepartsincludingthesymbolforsemiconductorthermoelectriccoolingdevicesandstructuralcategory.Devicesareclassifiedintolow-temperature,medium-temperature,andhigh-temperaturetypesbasedonthemaximumoperatingtemperature,withrequirementsfortemperature,humidity,etc.,intheworkingenvironment.Theoverallrequirementscoverbasicaspectssuchasexternaldimensionsandinternalcomponents.Performancerequirementsincludemulti-facetedcapabilitieslikeparametersandprotection,andalsospecifytestmethods,inspectionrules,aswellasmarkingandpackaging,applyingtotheproductionandinspectionofsuchdevices.
本标准规定了光通信用微型半导体热电致冷器件的总体要求(含产品型号、环境要求)、技术要求(包括外观、内部验视、性能参数、可靠性、有害元素含量)、试验方法、检验规则(分定型检验、交收检验、例行检验)以及标志、标签、包装、运输和贮存等内容,适用于此类器件的生产与检验。其中,产品型号由8个部分组成,涵盖器件类型、结构类别等信息;技术要求对器件的尺寸、外表面、引出线等外观方面,元件完整性、焊接情况等内部验视方面,以及最大致冷功率、最大致冷温差等性能参数和可靠性、有害元素含量均有明确规定;检验规则明确了不同检验的时机、抽样方案、项目及合格判定标准等。Thisstandardstipulatesthegeneralrequirements(includingproductmodelandenvironmentalrequirements),technicalrequirements(includingappearance,internalinspection,performanceparameters,reliability,andharmfulelementcontent),testmethods,inspectionrules(typeinspection,deliveryinspection,routineinspection),andmarking,labeling,packaging,transportationandstorageofminiaturesemiconductorthermoelectriccoolingdevicesforopticalcommunications,andisapplicabletotheproductionandinspectionofsuchdevices.Amongthem,theproductmodelconsistsof8parts,coveringinformationsuchasdevicetypeandstructurecategory;Thetechnicalrequirementsclearlystipulatetheappearanceofthedevicesuchassize,outersurface,andleadwire,internalinspectionaspectssuchascomponentintegrityandsoldering,aswellasperformanceparametersandreliabilitysuchasmaximumcoolingpowerandmaximumcoolingtemperaturedifference,andthecontentofharmfulelements.Theinspectionrulesclarifythetiming,samplingscheme,itemsandqualificationcriteriafordifferentinspections.
本标准给出了琼脂糖层析介质的产品分类,规定了其基本要求、材料要求、外观要求、性能要求、安全要求、环保要求,以及标志、标签、包装、运输和贮存等内容,适用于以琼脂糖为主要基质的层析介质设计与生产。其中,产品按耐压特性分为交联琼脂糖层析介质和高刚性琼脂糖层析介质;材料方面对乙醇含量、琼脂糖纯度等有明确要求;外观要求介质呈饱满球形、表面光滑等;性能要求涵盖物理性能(如平均粒径、最高流速等)、化学性能(如5-羟甲基糠醛脱落量等)、生物性能(如菌落总数、内毒素含量等);安全要求包括无已知人类病原体、急性经口毒性及重金属限量等;环保要求涉及废弃物处置和污染物排放需符合相关标准;同时还对标志标签、包装运输和贮存条件作出了规定。Thisstandardgivestheproductclassificationofagarosechromatographymedia,andstipulatesitsbasicrequirements,materialrequirements,appearancerequirements,performancerequirements,safetyrequirements,environmentalprotectionrequirements,aswellassigns,labels,packaging,transportationandstorage,etc.,whichissuitableforthedesignandproductionofchromatographymediawithagaroseasthemainmatrix.Amongthem,theproductsaredividedintocross-linkedagarosechromatographymediumandhigh-rigidityagarosechromatographymediumaccordingtothepressureresistancecharacteristics;Intermsofmaterials,thereareclearrequirementsforethanolcontentandagarosepurity;Theappearancerequiresthatthemediumisfullandspherical,andthesurfaceissmooth;Theperformancerequirementsincludephysicalproperties(suchasaverageparticlesize,maximumflowrate,etc.),chemicalproperties(suchastheamountof5-hydroxymethylfurfuralshed,etc.),biologicalproperties(suchastotalnumberofcolonies,endotoxincontent,etc.);Safetyrequirementsincludenoknownhumanpathogens,acuteoraltoxicityandheavymetallimits;Environmentalprotectionrequirementsrelatedtowastedisposalandpollutantdischargemustmeetrelevantstandards;Atthesametime,thereareprovisionsformarking,labeling,packaging,transportandstorageconditions.