5.1 Coagulated pentane insolubles can include oil-insoluble materials, some oil-insoluble resinous matter originating from oil or additive degradation, soot from incomplete diesel fuel combustion, or a combination of all three.5.2 A significant change in coagulated pentane insolubles indicates a change in oil, and this could lead to lubrication system problems.5.3 Coagulated pentane insolubles measurements can also assist in evaluating the performance characteristics of a used oil or in determining the cause of equipment failure.5.4 High values of coagulated pentane insolubles have been associated with plugged oil filters, leading to opening of the bypass valve and circulation of unfiltered oil in the engine. This can lead to increased piston deposits, increased bearing wear, and premature engine failure.1.1 This test method covers the determination of coagulated pentane insolubles in used lubricating oils by a paper filtration method.1.2 This test method was originally developed by the Fuels, Lubricants, and Environmental Committee (FL&E) of the Locomotive Maintenance Officer’s Association (LMOA).21.3 This test method is used primary for testing used diesel engine oils from railroad locomotive service. It may be applied to other samples types but precision, bias, and significance have not been determined for samples other than used railroad locomotive diesel engine oils.1.4 This test method, in general, does not correlate with Test Method D893 on Insolubles in Lubricating Oils, since it uses separation by centrifugation and a more concentrated solution of anti-coagulant.1.5 The correlation between this test method and Appendix A4 (Enhanced Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) Procedure) in Test Method D5967 has not been investigated.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2, 7.3, and 7.4.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice should be used to determine if an antimicrobial preserves pigment suspensions, dye solutions, pulp slurries, starch solutions, polymers, sizing agents, latex emulsions, and other aqueous-based materials used in the paper industry from bacterial spoilage.NOTE 1: Control of fungal spoilage of similar products can be evaluated by Test Method E875.NOTE 2: Slimicides for control of fungal or bacterial slime can be evaluated by Test Method E1839.1.1 This laboratory practice is used to determine the efficacy of an antimicrobial for preventing bacterial spoilage of in-process aqueous-based products used in the paper industry. For information on fungal spoilage, see Test Method E875. This practice should be performed by persons who have had basic microbiological training.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (See 40 CFR Part 160.)1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification deals with the standard requirements for premium quality alloy steel semifinished rolled or forged blooms and billets for reforging into aircraft and aerospace critical parts such as landing-gear forgings. Covered here are three basic classifications of steel, namely: Class I, steel manufactured by vacuum-induction melting or consumable-electrode vacuum melting process; Class II, air-melted steel manufactured by electric-furnace vacuum degassing process; Class III, air-melted steel manufactured by electric-furnace ladle refining and vacuum degassing processes. Steel materials shall be heat-treated and hot-worked by either hot rolling or forging. Alloy steels shall be examined by heat and product analyses and hardenability tests, and shall conform to chemical composition and maximum annealed Brinell hardness requirements. Quality evaluation tests, such as macrotech, microcleanliness, and nondestructive ultrasonic (both immersion and contact examination) inspection, shall be performed as well.1.1 This specification2 covers two kinds of rolls used in machinery for producing corrugated paperboard. Rolls are fabricated of forged bodies and trunnions. The trunnions may be bolted or shrink assembled on one or both ends of the body. A seal weld may be made at the body/trunnion interface. Roll shells are made of carbon/manganese, or low alloy steel as hereinafter described, and are heat treated prior to assembly. Pressure rolls may be ordered surface hardened as Condition H, or without surface hardening as Condition S. Provision is made in Supplementary Requirements S1 and S3 for the optional surface hardening of corrugating rolls.1.2 Corrugating and pressure rolls made to this specification shall not exceed 30 in. [760 mm] in inside diameter. The wall thickness of the roll body shall not be less than 1/12 of the inside diameter or 1 in. [25 mm], whichever is greater, but shall not exceed 4 in. [100 mm]. The wall thickness of the corrugating roll is measured at the bottom of the corrugations in the location of the trunnion fit. The maximum design temperature (MDT) of the roll is 600 °F [315 °C] and the maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) is 250 psi [1.7 MPa]. The minimum design temperature shall be 40 °F [4 °C] for roll wall thicknesses up to 3 in. [75 mm]. For roll wall thicknesses over 3 in. [75 mm] to 4 in. [100 mm], the minimum design temperature shall be 120 °F [50 °C]. The maximum stresses on the roll bodies from the combined internal and external loading are limited to 18 750 psi [129 MPa] for the Class 2 pressure roll bodies, and 20 000 psi [138 MPa] for Class 1A, 1B, or 5 pressure or corrugating roll bodies in Grades 1 or 2. For the trunnions, the maximum stresses from the combined internal and external loading are limited to 15 000 psi [103.4 MPa] for Classes 3 or 4, or 20 000 psi [138 MPa] for Classes 1A, 1B, or 5 in Grade 2 only. The Grade 1 strength level is not permissible for trunnions.1.3 Referring to Table 1, material to Classes 1A, 1B, or 5 shall be used for the manufacture of corrugating or pressure roll shells, and Class 2 shall be used only for pressure roll shells. Trunnions shall be made from forgings in Classes 1A, 1B, or 5 in Grade 2 strength level as restricted by Footnote B in Table 2 or in forgings in either Class 3 or 4.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.1.6 Except as specifically required in this standard, all of the provisions of Specification A788/A788M apply.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

7.1 Accurate determination of thickness is important for identification purposes. Thickness is related to weight and must be known in order to calculate apparent density and the dielectric strength.7.2 Thickness variation affects the quality of roll winding and is useful in judging the uniformity of mica paper particularly with respect to dielectric breakdown voltage, impregnation time, and thickness of the end product.1.1 These methods cover procedures for sampling and testing untreated mica paper to be used as an electrical insulator or as a constituent of a composite material used for electrical insulating purposes.1.2 The procedures2 appear in the following order:    ASTM    MethodProcedures Sections ReferencesApparent Density 12 ...Aqueous Extract Conductivity 32 and 33 D202Conditioning 4 D685Dielectric Strength 16 – 19 D149Impregnation Time 20 – 24 D202Moisture Content 26 – 28 D644Roll Quality 25 ...Sampling 3 ...Tensile Strength 13 – 15 D828Thickness 6 – 10 D374Weight 11 D646Weight Variability 29 – 31 ...1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers electrically insulating, unbleached sulfate paper and paperboard used as layer insulation in coils, transformers, and other similar apparatus. The materials may also be used as turn insulation, slot liners, wedges, phase insulation, and separator papers in stranded wire/cable constructions. This specification does not include tissue for manufacture of capacitors. Other commonly used terms for the materials include soft coil wrap, dense coil wrap, kraft coil insulation, dry-finished kraft, and water-finished kraft. The materials covered in this specification are classified into four types according to density range and nominal thickness and should conform to the required values of ash content, alcohol-soluble material content, aqueous extract conductivity, water-soluble chloride content, fiber composition, moisture content, hydrogen ion concentration, pH, tensile strength, dielectric breakdown voltage, and conducting paths.1.1 This specification covers electrical grade unsized, unbleached sulfate paper and paperboard for use as layer insulation in coils, transformers, and similar apparatus. Other applications include, but are not limited to, turn insulation, slot liners, wedges, phase insulation, and separator papers in stranded wire/cable constructions. Tissue for the manufacture of capacitors is not included in this specification. Other commonly used designations include:1.1.1 Soft Coil Wrap,1.1.2 Dense Coil Wrap,1.1.3 Kraft Coil Insulation,1.1.4 Dry-Finished Kraft, and1.1.5 Water-Finished Kraft.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method provides a means of automatically separating and collecting atmospheric particulate and acidic gaseous fluoride samples.5.2 Since the samples are collected on dry tapes, the samples are in a form which allows elution of the fluoride content with a small volume of eluent. Consequently, the method allows analyses of air samples taken for a time period as short as several minutes.1.1 This test method describes the automatic separation and collection on chemically treated paper tapes of particulate and gaseous forms of acidic fluorides in the atmosphere by means of a double paper tape sampler. The sampler may be programmed to collect and store individual air samples obtained over time periods from several minutes to 3 h. A 30.5-m (100-ft) tape will allow unattended operation for the automatic collection of up to 600 samples.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are included for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Paper machine rolls can range in size from 2.4 to 9 m [8 to 30 ft] long, with a shell thickness of from 12.5 to 75 mm [0.5 to 3 in.,] and 300 to 1200 mm [12 to 48 in.] diameter. Depending on purpose, paper machine rolls can weigh as little as 60 000 kg [13 000 lb] to as much as 27 500 kg [60 000 lb].5.2 If indications are found during this procedure it can be repeated, with additional sensors to refine source location accuracy.5.3 Removal of rolls for traditional NDT examination may be impractical and may not be sensitive enough to locate small defects.5.4 Traditional AE examination, whereby the roll is subjected to load greater than service load to detect crack extension, risks damage to the roll and is best employed as a follow-up NDT examination.5.5 Manual rotation through a full revolution subjects existing cracks to tensile and compressive forces which can open and close existing cracks, and cause friction at the crack surfaces.5.6 Excess background noise (overhead cranes, nearby maintenance activities) may distort AE data or render it useless. Users must be aware of the following common sources of background noise: bearing noise (lack of lubrication, spalling, and so forth), mechanical contact with the roll by other objects, electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI) from nearby broadcasting facilities and from other sources. This practice should not be used if background noise cannot be eliminated or controlled.5.7 Other Non-destructive test methods may be used to evaluate the significance of AE indications. Traditional AE has been used to confirm the existence of the AE indication and fine tune the location. Magnetic particle, ultrasonic and radiographic examinations have been used to establish the position, depth and dimensions of the indication. Procedures for using other NDT methods are beyond the scope of this practice.1.1 This practice provides guidelines for acoustic emission (AE) examinations of non-pressure, paper machine rolls.1.2 This practice utilizes a slow rotation of the roll to produce a full load cycle where load is provided by the weight of the roll suspended from its bearings or other journal support mechanism(s).1.3 This practice is used for detection of cracks and other discontinuities in rolls that produce frictional acoustic emission during rotation.1.4 The AE measurements are used to detect or locate emission sources, or both. Other nondestructive test (NDT) methods must be used to evaluate the significance of AE sources. Procedures for other NDT techniques are beyond the scope of this practice. See Note 1.NOTE 1: Traditional AE examination, magnetic particle examination, shear wave ultrasonic examination, and radiography are commonly used to establish the exact position and dimensions of flaws that produce AE.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 The folding endurance is frequently used to estimate the ability of the paper and plastics film to withstand repeated bending, folding, and creasing.4.2 Folding endurance has also been found useful in measuring the deterioration of paper and plastics film upon aging.1.1 This test method describes the use of the M.I.T.-type folding apparatus for determining folding endurance of paper and plastics film. The M.I.T. tester can be adjusted for samples of any thickness; however, if the outer layers thicker than about 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) rupture during the first few folds, the test loses its significance. The procedure for the Schopper-type apparatus is given in Test Method D643.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

3.1 The preconditioning requirement is important because physical properties of a sample at 50 % relative humidity depend upon whether the sample is brought to 50 % from a higher or lower relative humidity. A detailed discussion of the importance of preconditioning may be found in Annex A1.3.2 The conditioning and testing atmospheres are important because both temperature and relative humidity have significant effects on the physical properties of paper and board. A more detailed discussion of the importance may be found in Annex A2.3.3 This standard is technically identical to TAPPI T402.1.1 This practice defines the standard atmospheres for normal preconditioning, conditioning, and testing of paper and paper products, paperboard, fiberboard, and containers made from them. It also specifies procedures for handling these materials in order that they may reach equilibrium with the respective atmosphere.1.2 This practice does not include special conditioning and testing atmospheres, such as those that attempt to simulate tropical or arctic environments.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

1.1 This test method is intended primarily to measure the gloss retention of waxed specimens exhibiting relatively good gloss. 1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 Cast iron Yankee dryers can be up to 6.7 m [22 ft] in diameter, 7.3 m [24 ft] long, and weigh 91 000 Kg [100 tons], or more (refer to Fig. 1). Vessel thickness measurements are available from the paper/tissue machine operator. Cast iron is a brittle metal and has no specific yield point. Yankee dryers must maintain specific dimensional tolerances. When a pressurized Yankee or steam heated paper dryer (SHPD) remains stationary, it fills with condensate at a rapid rate. In an hour, a steam pressurized Yankee or SHPD can fill half way with condensate, doubling the weight on the frame, and the floor. Some Yankee owners have corporate requirements that a cast iron Yankee dryer remain stationary for 1/2 h, then rotation is required. Permission is required, if the Yankee is to remain stationary for more time. This issue should be discussed with the responsible person prior to the examination.FIG. 1 Yankee Dryer Drum5.2 Yankee dryers operate under a heated hood. The hood is in close proximity to the Yankee shell and allows only inches of clearance for the top half of the vessel.5.3 Cast iron steam heated paper machine dryers are 2 m [6 ft] in diameter, or more, and may be 9 m [30 ft] long.5.4 Grey cast iron experiences a continuing reduction in elastic modulus as it is stressed to increasing higher levels. It is prudent not to stress grey cast iron material beyond its operating stress level.5.5 Flaws to be found are the same as those in any cast and machined product. Attempts have been made to characterize strength properties of cast irons in compact tension tests. In a TAPPI sponsored laboratory study, two out of three cast iron compact tension specimens experienced unplanned failures. From that experience it was cautioned that cracks initiated and grew faster than expected resulting in brittle fracture before the process could be halted. The failure of these two coupons demonstrated the rate in which cracks can grow in these materials and the material’s inability to stop a crack once it begins to grow. In each case, crack advance was extremely rapid and without warning. (See Note 1.)NOTE 1: Alleveto, C., and Williams D., Acoustic Emission Evaluation of Yankee Dryer Shell Material, 1991 TAPPI Engineering Conference Proceedings, pages 475-480.5.6 Maximum Examination Pressure—Maximum Allowable Working Pressure for cast iron vessels is set based on ASME (Section VIII) pressure calculations based on thickness, radius, and material strength values, and will not exceed 10 bar [160 psi] and 230 °C [450 °F] (Specification A278/A278M). When vessels are pressurized, anomalies produce emission at pressures less than normal fill pressure. Historically, if there is damage in a cast iron pressure boundary, AE activity will begin at load/stress levels less than 50 % of operating. Defects as small as 3 mm [1/8 in.] have been found using AE, during steam pressurization to operating pressure.5.7 Pressure increments should not exceed 0.35 bar [5 psi] per minute. If pressurization medium is to be steam, the Yankee should have been through the warm-up process.5.8 Yankee dryers may receive a subsequent examination, if necessary, after the Yankee is rotated to remove any condensate present.5.9 Pressurization Schedule—Pressurization should proceed at rates that allow achieving maximum examination pressure within a 30 minute period. During pressurization, pressure holds are not necessary; however, they may be useful for reasons other than measurement of AE. Pressure hold upon achieving maximum examination pressure may be up to 30 min.5.10 Excess background noise may distort AE data or render the AE measurements useless. Users must be aware of the following common sources of background noise: (measurable flow noise); mechanical contact with the vessel by objects; electromagnetic interference (EMI) from cranes, and radio frequency interference (RFI) from nearby broadcasting facilities and from other sources; leaks at pipe or hose connections, or rain drops. This practice should not be used if background noise cannot be eliminated or controlled.5.11 Other Non-destructive test methods may be used to evaluate the significance of AE sources. Magnetic particle, ultrasonic, and radiographic examinations have been used to establish circumferential position, depth, and dimensions of flaws that produce AE. Procedures for using other NDT nethods are beyond the scope of this practice.1.1 This practice is no longer being updated but is being retained for historical value due to the procedures herein that are unique to the AE community.1.2 This practice provides guidelines for carrying out acoustic emission (AE) examinations of Yankee and Steam Heated Paper Dryers (SHPD) of the type to make tissue, paper, and paperboard products.1.3 This practice requires pressurization to levels used during normal operation. The pressurization medium may be high temperature steam, air, or gas. The dryer is also subjected to significant stresses during the heating up and cooling down periods of operation. Acoustic Emission data maybe collected during these time periods but this testing is beyond the scope of this document.1.4 The AE measurements are used to detect, as well as, localize emission sources. Other methods of nondestructive testing (NDT) may be used to further evaluate the significance of acoustic emission sources.1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice should be used to determine if a fungal control agent is effective to preserve pigment suspensions, dye solutions, pulp slurries, starch solutions, polymers, sizing agents, latex emulsions, and other specific aqueous-based materials used in the paper industry. Separate evaluations should be made on a representative type for each specific class of product to be preserved.NOTE 1: Control of bacterial spoilage of similar products can be evaluated by Test Method E723.NOTE 2: Slimicides for control of fungal or bacterial slime can be evaluated by Test Method E1839.1.1 This laboratory practice is used to determine the efficacy of a fungal control agent to prevent spoilage of in-process aqueous-based products used in the paper industry.1.2 For information on bacterial control agents, see Test Method E723.1.3 It is the responsibility of the investigator to determine whether good laboratory practices (GLP) are required and to follow them when appropriate (see 40 CFR 160).1.4 A knowledge of microbiological techniques is required for these procedures.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method is widely used within the paper industry, in conjunction with other tests of strength, as a predictor of end-use performance of a wide range of grades of papers.1.1 This test method measures the force perpendicular to the plane of the paper required to tear multiple sheets of paper through a specified distance after the tear has been started, using an Elmendorf-type tearing tester. The measured results can be used to calculate the approximate tearing resistance of a single sheet. In the case of tearing a single sheet of paper, the tearing resistance is measured directly.NOTE 1: Similar procedures for making Elmendorf-type tear measurements are found in ISO 1974 and TAPPI T414.1.2 This test method is not suitable for determining the cross-directional tearing resistance of highly directional boards and papers.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Textile, paper, vinyl, expanded vinyl, or other polymeric wall or ceiling coverings and wall or ceiling covering systems used as interior finish are often evaluated with Test Method E84 to comply with building or life safety code requirements. This practice describes specimen preparation and mounting procedures for such materials and systems.5.2 This practice also describes specimen preparation and mounting procedures for other systems that are evaluated with Test Method E84 to comply with building or life safety code requirements. Such systems are facings or wood veneers intended to be applied on site over a wood substrate and water-resistive barriers.5.3 This practice is not applicable to the following materials:5.3.1 Foam plastic materials used as water-resistive barriers.5.3.2 Water vapor retarders installed over thermal insulation.1.1 This practice describes procedures for specimen preparation and mounting when testing textile, paper, vinyl, expanded vinyl, or other polymeric wall or ceiling covering materials to assess flame spread and smoke development as surface burning characteristics using Test Method E84.1.2 This practice applies also to facings or wood veneers intended to be applied on site over a wood substrate (see 8.7).1.3 This practice applies also to water-resistive barriers that are used as a component of exterior wall systems, as part of the exterior envelope (see 3.2.10 and 8.9).1.4 This practice does not apply to the following:1.4.1 Laminated products factory produced with a wood substrate, which are covered by Practice E2579.1.4.2 Water-resistive barriers comprised of foam plastic materials contained within the wall system (see 5.3.1).1.4.3 Water vapor retarders used, in conjunction with thermal insulation, on the interior or exterior side of an exterior wall (see 3.2.11 and 5.3.1).1.5 Testing is conducted with Test Method E84.1.6 This practice does not provide pass/fail criteria that can be used as a regulatory tool.1.7 Units—Use the values stated in inch-pound units as the standard, in referee decisions. The values in the SI system of units are given in parentheses, for information only; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.1.8 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.1.9 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. Fire testing involves hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard gives instructions on specimen preparation and mounting, but the fire-test-response method is given in Test Method E84. See also Section 10.1.10 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered requirements of the standard.1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 The tensile properties measured in this test method are fundamental properties associated with the manufacture, or end use, or both, of paper and paper products. It is possible for products to be influenced by, or indicative of: the type fibers used or the treatment of the fibers, or both, in a particular paper: or of specific manufacturing procedures used in producing a specific paper or paper product. Likewise, it is possible for paper converting operations to significantly impact properties measured using this test method, and this test method is a possible tool to measure and understand such effects.4.2 Tensile strength is indicative of the serviceability of many papers, such as wrapping, bag, gummed tape, and cable wrapping, that are subjected to direct tensile stress. The tensile strength of printing papers is indicative of the potential resistance to web breaking during printing and other converting operations and during travel of the web from the roll through the equipment.4.3 Stretch, and sometimes tensile stiffness are indicative of the ability of the paper to conform to a desired contour. These are important properties of creped papers, towels, napkins, decorative papers, industrially used paper tapes (both creped and pleated), bags, and liners for cans, barrels, and cartons.1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining tensile properties of paper and paperboard.1.2 The procedures given in this test method are for use with constant-rate-of-elongation tensile testing equipment and as such, are able to be used with instruments designed for either vertical or horizontal operation, and whether manually operated or computer controlled.1.3 These procedures are applicable for all types of paper, paperboard, paper products, and related materials within the measurement limitations of the equipment used. They are not for use with combined corrugated board.1.4 Properties able to be determined using this test method include tensile strength, stretch, tensile energy absorption, tensile stiffness, breaking length, and tensile index.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车