1. Scope This clause of Part 1 is replaced as follows: 1.1 This standard applies to the evaluation of thermal protectors for ballasts for tubular fluorescent lamps. Requirements concerning the testing of the combination of ballast and thermal pr

定价： 637元 / 折扣价： 542 元

No Scope Available

定价： 228元 / 折扣价： 194 元

FOREWORD This amendment has been prepared by IEC technical committee 72: Automatic controls for household use. AVANT-PROPOS Le présent amendement a été établi par le comité d'études 72 de la CEI: Commandes automatiques pour appareils domestiques.

定价： 228元 / 折扣价： 194 元

5.1 This test method provides procedures for obtaining tristimulus values, luminance factors and chromaticity coordinates of fluorescent-retroreflective materials by bispectral colorimetry using a 45:0 or 0:45 optical measuring system.5.2 The CIE 1931 (2°) standard observer is used to calculate the colorimetric properties of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and markings used in daytime high visibility traffic control and personal safety applications because in practice these materials are primarily viewed from a distance where they subtend less than 4° of the visual field.5.3 This test method is applicable to object-color specimens of any gloss level.5.4 Due to the retroreflective properties of these materials the colorimetric data may not be suitable for use in computer colorant formulation.5.5 This test method is suitable for quality control testing of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials.NOTE 1: Separation of the fluorescence and reflectance components from the total colorimetric properties provides useful and meaningful information to evaluate independently the luminescent and diffuse reflective efficiency and consistency of these materials.5.6 This test method is the referee method for determining the conformance of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials to standard daytime colorimetric specifications.1.1 This test method describes the instrumental measurement of the colorimetric properties (CIE tristimulus values, luminance factors, and chromaticity coordinates) of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials when illuminated by daylight.1.2 This test method is generally applicable to any sheeting or marking material having combined fluorescent and retroreflective properties used for daytime high visibility traffic control and personal safety applications.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

A lithium fluoride (LiF)-based photo-fluorescent film dosimetry system provides a means of determining absorbed dose to materials by the photo-stimulated emission of wavelengths longer than that of the stimulation wavelength. The absorbed dose is obtained from the amount of the light emission. Imperfections within the ionic lattice of alkali-halide compounds such as LiF act as traps for electrons and electron holes (positively charged negative-ion vacancies). These imperfections are known as color centers because of the part they play in the compound's ability to absorb and then release energy in the form of visible-light photons. Like an atom, these color centers have discrete, allowed energy levels, and electrons can be removed from these sites when energy of the appropriate wavelength and intensity is transferred to the material. The resulting fluorescence spectra contain discrete peaks that can cover a range of wavelengths, depending upon the type of alkali-halide (8). An example of fluorescence spectra from a LiF-based dosimeter is provided in Fig. 1. A system of optical filters within a light-detecting instrument (that is, fluorimeter) can be used to block all but a narrow range of wavelengths that are desired for use. Theories on how color centers are formed, how luminescence mechanisms work, and their application in dosimetry are found in Refs (8-13). For characterization studies on specific photo-fluorescent dosimeters see Refs (1-7) and (14-19).In the application of a specific dosimetry system, absorbed dose is determined by use of an experimentally-derived calibration curve. The calibration curve for the photo-fluorescent dosimeter is the functional relationship between ΔEf and D, and is determined by measuring the net fluorescence of sets of dosimeters irradiated to known absorbed doses. These absorbed doses span the range of utilization of the system.Photo-fluorescent dosimetry systems require calibration traceable to national standards. See ISO/ASTM Guide .The absorbed dose is usually specified relative to water. Absorbed dose in other materials may be determined by applying the conversion factors discussed in ISO/ASTM Guide .During calibration and use, possible effects of influence quantities such as temperature, light exposure, post-irradiation stabilization of signal, and absorbed-dose rate need to be taken into account.Photo-fluorescent dosimeters are sensitive to light, especially during irradiation and post-irradiation stabilization (7). Some color centers are sensitive to the UV and blue regions of the spectrum, while other centers are only sensitive to the UV. Therefore, they need to be packaged in appropriate light-tight packaging shortly after manufacture, and during use they need to be packaged or the appropriate filters placed over room lighting. Filtering the light fixtures involved during irradiation may be required for irradiations using low-energy X-rays or electrons where unpackaged dosimeters are used.The signal from photo-fluorescent dosimeters either increases or decreases with time following irradiation, depending on the color center utilized (19). This stabilization process, which can last from hours to days depending on storage temperature (and dose for some color centers) can be accelerated and stabilized by heat treating the dosimeters after irradiation and before readout (see 9.2).Note—Also shown are transmission curves for green and red emission filters.FIG. 1 Excitation Spectrum and Resulting Fluorescence Spectrum from the Sunna LiF-based Film Dosimeter1.1 This practice covers the handling, testing, and procedure for using a lithium fluoride (LiF)-based photo-fluorescent film dosimetry system to measure absorbed dose (relative to water) in materials irradiated by photons or electrons. Other alkali halides that may also exhibit photofluorescence (for example, NaCl, NaF, and KCl) are not covered in this practice. Although various alkali halides have been used for dosimetry for years utilizing thermoluminescence, the use of photoluminescence is relatively new.1.2 This practice applies to photo-fluorescent film dosimeters (referred hereafter as photo-fluorescent dosimeters) that can be used within part or all of the following ranges:1.2.1 Absorbed dose range of 5 × 10-2 to 3 × 102 kGy (1-3).1.2.2 Absorbed dose rate range of 0.3 to 2 × 104 Gy/s (2-5)).1.2.3 Radiation energy range for photons of 0.05 to 10 MeV (2).1.2.4 Radiation energy range for electrons of 0.1 to 10 MeV (2).1.2.5 Radiation temperature range of -20 to +60°C (6,7).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

1. Scope This standard covers ballasts, excluding resistance types, for use on a.c. supplies up to 1 000 V at 50 Hz or 60 Hz, associated with tubular fluorescent lamps with or without pre-heated cathodes operated with or without a starter or starting d

定价： 1456元 / 折扣价： 1238 元

1. Scope This standard specifies safety requirements for ballasts for discharge lamps such as high-pressure mercury vapour, low- pressure sodium vapour, high-pressure sodium vapour and metal halide lamps. Section One specifies general requirements and

定价： 910元 / 折扣价： 774 元

5.1 The determination of the total volume percent of saturates, olefins, and aromatics in petroleum fractions is important in characterizing the quality of petroleum fractions as gasoline blending components and as feeds to catalytic reforming processes. This information is also important in characterizing petroleum fractions and products from catalytic reforming and from thermal and catalytic cracking as blending components for motor and aviation fuels. This information is also important as a measure of the quality of fuels, such as specified in Specification D1655.1.1 This test method covers the determination of hydrocarbon types of total aromatics, total olefins, and total saturates in petroleum fractions that distill below 315 °C. Samples containing dark-colored components that interfere in reading the chromatographic bands cannot be analyzed.NOTE 1: For the determination of olefins below 0.3 % by volume, other test methods are available, such as Test Method D2710.1.2 This test method is intended for use with full boiling range products. Cooperative data have established that the precision statement does not apply to narrow boiling petroleum fractions near the 315 °C limit. Such samples are not eluted properly, and results are erratic.1.3 This test method is also applicable to automotive spark-ignition engine fuels which are gasolines with and without blended oxygenates, such as alcohols and ethers (for example MTBE, ethanol) and where gasoline is the primary component by volume in the blend.1.4 The applicability of this test method to products derived from fossil fuels other than petroleum, such as coal, shale, or tar sands, has not been determined, and the precision statement may or may not apply to such products.1.5 This test method has two precision statements depicted in Table 3 and Table 4.1.5.1 Table 3 is applicable to fuels that do not contain oxygenated blending components over the test method concentration working ranges from 5 % to 99 % by volume aromatics, 1 % to 55 % by volume olefins, and 1 % to 95 % by volume saturates in petroleum fractions and with a final boiling point of <315 °C. It may or may not apply to automotive gasolines containing lead antiknock mixtures.1.5.2 Table 4 precision was derived from an ILS containing only blended oxygenated (for example, MTBE, ethanol) and non-oxygenated automotive spark-ignition engine fuels (gasolines) and is applicable only in the test method concentration working range of 13 % to 40 % by volume aromatics, 4 % to 33 % by volume olefins, and 45 % to 68 % by volume saturates.1.5.3 Non-oxygenated automotive spark-ignition engine fuels (gasolines) outside the inclusive valid test result reporting concentration ranges of Table 4 may use the precision in Table 3 and its applicable concentration ranges.1.6 The oxygenated blending components, methanol, ethanol, methyl-tert-butylether (MTBE), tert-amylmethylether (TAME), and ethyl-tert-butylether (ETBE), do not interfere with the determination of hydrocarbon types at concentrations normally found in commercial blends. These oxygenated components are not detected since they elute with the alcohol desorbent. Other oxygenated compounds shall be individually verified. When samples containing oxygenated blending components are analyzed, correct the results to a total-sample basis.1.7 This test method includes a relative bias section based on Practice D6708 accuracy assessment between Test Method D1319 and Test Method D5769 for total aromatics in spark-ignition engine fuels as a possible Test Method D1319 alternative to Test Method D5769 for U.S. EPA spark-ignition engine fuel regulations reporting. The Practice D6708 derived correlation equation is only applicable for fuels in the total aromatic concentration range from 3.3 % to 34.4 % by volume as measured by Test Method D1319 and the distillation temperature T95, at which 95 % of the sample has evaporated, ranges from 149.1 °C to 196.6 °C (300.3 °F to 385.8 °F) when tested according to Test Method D86.1.7.1 The applicable Test Method D5769 range for total aromatics is 3.7 % to 29.4 % by volume as reported by Test Method D5769 and the distillation temperature T95 values, at which 95 % of the sample has evaporated, when tested according to Test Method D86 is from 149.1 °C to 196.6 °C (300.3 °F to 385.8 °F).1.7.2 Regulations may change over time and the user is advised to verify current regulatory requirements.1.8 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7, 8.1, and 10.5.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

1. Scope This standard specifies general and safety requirements for electronic ballasts for use on a.c. supplies up to 1000 V at 50 Hz or 60 Hz with operating frequencies deviating from the supply frequency, associated with tubular fluorescent lamps a

定价： 1047元 / 折扣价： 890 元

5.1 Liquid penetrant examination methods indicate the presence, location, and, to a limited extent, the nature and magnitude of the detected discontinuities. This practice is intended primarily for portability and for localized areas of examination, utilizing minimal equipment, when a higher level of sensitivity than can be achieved using visible process is required. Surface roughness may be a limiting factor. If so, an alternative process such as post-emulsified penetrant should be considered, when grinding or machining is not practical.1.1 This practice2 covers procedures for fluorescent penetrant examination utilizing the solvent-removable process. It is a nondestructive testing method for detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface, such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, laminations, isolated porosity, through leaks, or lack of fusion and is applicable to in-process, final, and maintenance examination. It can be effectively used in the examination of nonporous, metallic materials, both ferrous and nonferrous, and of nonmetallic materials such as glazed or fully densified ceramics and certain nonporous plastics and glass.1.2 This practice also provides a reference:1.2.1 By which a fluorescent penetrant examination solvent-removable process recommended or required by individual organizations can be reviewed to ascertain its applicability and completeness.1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specifications dealing with the fluorescent solvent-removable liquid penetrant examination of materials and parts. Agreement by the purchaser and the manufacturer regarding specific techniques is strongly recommended.1.2.3 For use in the organization of the facilities and personnel concerned with the liquid penetrant examination.1.3 This practice does not indicate or suggest standards for evaluation of the indications obtained. It should be pointed out, however, that indications must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For this purpose there must be a separate code or specification or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, and direction of indications considered acceptable, and those considered unacceptable.1.3.1 The user is encouraged to use materials and processing parameters necessary to detect conditions of a type or severity which could affect the evaluation of the product.1.4 All areas of this document may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization.1.5 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This PDF includes GI #3. 1. Scope 1.1 This Standard applies to measurement of the efficacy of fluorescent lamp ballasts for use in fluorescent luminaires to be installed in industrial, commercial, or residential locations. 1.2 This Standard appli

定价： 501元 / 折扣价： 426 元

5.1 The test method is suitable for the development, specification and quality control testing of fluorescent and non-fluorescent coatings that are intended to be inspected for defects under Specification E2501 illumination.1.1 This test method covers the instrumental measurement of the luminance ratio of a fluorescent coating or sheet sample when illuminated by a narrow band source.1.2 This test method is generally applicable to any coating or sheeting material having combined fluorescent and reflective properties, where the fluorescence is activated by 405 nm light.1.3 This test method is intended as a companion to Specification E2501 to support the development and specification of industrial coatings that are used in a system for detection of coating defects when inspected with the Specification E2501 light source. This test method establishes a quantitative measure of the optical property of a coating that correlates to its ability to enhance defect contrast under the specified inspection light source.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 Liquid penetrant examination methods indicate the presence, location, and, to a limited extent, the nature and magnitude of the detected discontinuities. This practice is normally used for production examination of critical components or structures when (a) removal of excessive amounts of penetrant from discontinuities using a water-washable process can be a problem and (b) the use of a hydrophilic remover is impractical.1.1 This practice covers procedures for fluorescent liquid penetrant examination utilizing the lipophilic post-emulsification process. It is a nondestructive testing method for detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, laminations, through leaks, or lack of fusion and is applicable to in-process, final, and maintenance examination. It can be effectively used in the examination of nonporous, metallic materials, both ferrous and of nonmetallic materials such as glazed or fully densified ceramics and certain nonporous plastics and glass.1.2 This practice also provides a reference:1.2.1 By which a fluorescent liquid penetrant examination, lipophilic post-emulsification process recommended or required by individual organizations can be reviewed to ascertain its applicability and completeness.1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specifications dealing with the fluorescent penetrant examination of materials and parts using the lipophilic post-emulsification process. Agreement by the purchaser and the manufacturer regarding specific techniques is strongly recommended.1.2.3 For use in the organization of the facilities and personnel concerned with the liquid penetrant examination.1.3 This practice does not indicate or suggest standards for evaluation of the indications obtained. It should be pointed out, however, that indications must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For this purpose there must be a separate code or specification or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, and direction of indications considered acceptable, and those considered unacceptable.1.3.1 The user is encouraged to use materials and processing parameters necessary to detect conditions of a type or severity which could affect the evaluation of the product.1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 All areas of this document may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Liquid penetrant testing methods indicate the presence, location, and, to a limited extent, the nature and magnitude of the detected discontinuities. This method is normally used for production inspection of large volumes of parts or structures, where emphasis is on productivity. The method enjoys a wide latitude in applicability when extensive and controlled conditions are available. Multiple levels of sensitivity can be achieved by proper selection of materials and variations in process.1.1 This practice2 covers procedures for water-washable fluorescent penetrant testing of materials. It is a nondestructive testing method for detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, laminations, isolated porosity, through leaks, or lack of porosity and is applicable to in-process, final, and maintenance examination. It can be effectively used in the examination of nonporous, metallic materials, both ferrous and nonferrous, and of nonmetallic materials such as glazed or fully densified ceramics and certain nonporous plastics and glass.1.2 This practice also provides a reference:1.2.1 By which a fluorescent penetrant testing method using the water-washable process recommended or required by individual organizations can be reviewed to ascertain its applicability and completeness.1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specifications dealing with the water-washable fluorescent penetrant examination of materials and parts. Agreement by the purchaser and the manufacturer regarding specific techniques is strongly recommended.1.2.3 For use in the organization of the facilities and personnel concerned with the liquid penetrant testing.1.3 This practice does not indicate or suggest standards for evaluation of the indications obtained. It should be pointed out, however, that indications must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For this purpose there must be a separate code or specification or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, and direction of indications considered acceptable, and those considered unacceptable.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 All areas of this document may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization (CEO).1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Liquid penetrant examination methods indicate the presence, location, and, to a limited extent, the nature and magnitude of the detected discontinuities. This practice is normally used for production examination of critical components, where reproducibility is essential. More procedural controls and processing steps are required than with other processes.1.1 This practice covers procedures for fluorescent penetrant examination utilizing the hydrophilic post-emulsification process. It is a nondestructive testing method for detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, laminations, isolated porosity, through leaks, or lack of fusion and is applicable to in-process, final, and maintenance examination. It can be effectively used in the examination of nonporous, metallic materials, both ferrous and nonferrous, and of nonmetallic materials such as glazed or fully densified ceramics and certain nonporous plastics and glass.1.2 This practice also provides a reference:1.2.1 By which a fluorescent penetrant examination hydrophilic post-emulsification process recommended or required by individual organizations can be reviewed to ascertain their applicability and completeness.1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specifications dealing with the fluorescent penetrant examination of materials and parts using the hydrophilic post-emulsification process. Agreement by the purchaser and the manufacturer regarding specific techniques is strongly recommended.1.2.3 For use in the organization of the facilities and personnel concerned with the liquid penetrant examination.1.3 This practice does not indicate or suggest standards for evaluation of the indications obtained. It should be pointed out, however, that indications must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For this purpose there must be a separate code or specification or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, and direction of indications considered acceptable, and those considered unacceptable.1.3.1 The user is encouraged to use materials and processing parameters necessary to detect conditions of a type or severity which could affect the evaluation of the product.1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 All areas of this practice may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车