定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元 加购物车

定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元

1.1 This test method describes the procedures required to carry out a pure-culture study for evaluating the biodegradation of degradable plastics in submerged culture under aerobic conditions. Degradation will be evaluated by weight loss, tensile strength loss, percent-elongation loss and changes in molecular-weight distribution. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 Absorbed doses of or below 1 kGy can inactivate some parasites, such as the broad fish tapeworm (Dibothrocephalus latus) (2).4.2 Absorbed doses below 10 kGy can reduce or eliminate vegetative cells of pathogenic sporeforming and non-sporeforming microorganisms, such as Clostridium spp., Vibrio spp., Salmonellae, Listeria monocytogenes, or Staphylococcus aureus, that may be present in fresh or frozen product.4.2.1 Absorbed doses below 10 kGy can reduce the numbers of some spores, but are not adequate to reduce the potential health risk from microbial spores or toxins (3).4.3 Absorbed doses below 10 kGy can reduce or eliminate the vegetative cells of sporeforming and non-sporeforming microorganisms, such as Bacillus or Pseudomonas species, that cause spoilage of fresh product, thus extending refrigerated shelf life in many cases (4).1.1 This guide outlines procedures and operations for the irradiation of raw, untreated, fresh (chilled), or frozen finfish and aquatic invertebrates, while ensuring that the irradiated product is safe and wholesome.1.1.1 Aquatic invertebrates include mollusks, crustacea, echinoderms, etc.1.1.1.1 Mollusks include bivalve shellfish, such as clams, mussels, and oysters; snails; and cephalopods, such as squid and octopus.1.1.1.2 Crustacea include shellfish such as shrimp, lobster, crabs, prawns and crayfish.1.1.1.3 Echinoderms include sea urchins and sea cucumbers.1.2 This guide covers absorbed doses used to reduce the microbial and parasite populations in aquatic invertebrates and finfish. Such doses typically are below 10 kGy (1).21.2.1 This guide covers gamma, electron beam, and X-radiation treatment.1.3 The use of reduced-oxygen packaging (vacuum or modified atmosphere, and including products packed in oil) with irradiated, raw product is not covered by this guide. The anaerobic environment created by reduced-oxygen packaging provides the potential for outgrowth of, and toxin production from, Clostridium botulinum spores.1.4 This guide does not cover the irradiation of smoked or dried fish to reduce microbial load or to control insect infestation.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This document is one of a set of standards that provides recommendations for properly implementing and utilizing radiation processing. It is intended to be read in conjunction with ISO/ASTM Practice 52628.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 Spoilage of paint in the container can result in putrefaction, lowered pH, gas formation, and decrease in viscosity. This test method provides a standard procedure for the evaluation of the resistance of emulsion paints to microbial deterioration. The results should enable: (1) the paint manufacturer to select an effective preservative and (2) the supplier of preservatives to evaluate the performance in emulsion paints of competitive and developmental preservatives.4.2 This test method should be used preferably by persons who have had basic microbiological training.NOTE 1: The reliability of the results obtained from this test method is extremely dependent on the techniques employed. Improper techniques can result in a sterile sample appearing to be contaminated, and even worse, a contaminated sample appearing to be sterile (see also Note 2). It is recommended that you consult with your biocide supplier, raw material supplier, or an independent testing laboratory to confirm questionable results. Formulation and raw materials’ quality may also vary and thereby affect the test results.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative resistance of emulsion paints to attack in the container by microorganisms.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 The technology to engineer industrial microorganisms (IMs) is evolving rapidly and the public, regulatory bodies, and industrial sectors require new tools to help evaluate the products of biotechnology (1)3. In particular, there is a need to clarify the nature and intent of genetic alterations present in many industrial microbial strains (2, 3).4.2 Currently, there is no systematic classification system to help differentiate among the many subtypes of engineered industrial microorganisms (4, 5). In response, a classification system for industrial microorganisms has been developed with the intent of facilitating the commercial use and development of industrial microorganisms and the biotechnology sector in general.4.3 This classification will be applied to all microorganisms for which there is an intended use, broadly referred to as “industrial microorganisms.” This classification covers both viable and non-viable microorganisms, in addition to any product that contains microbial DNA.4.4 This classification is not intended to apply to downstream products of industrial microorganisms that do not contain microbial DNA, for example, highly purified proteins or small molecules produced by industrial microorganisms.1.1 This classification applies to all industrial microorganisms, both classically derived and those produced through genetic engineering methods.1.2 The scope of this classification does not include plants and animals. This classification would not be applied to any downstream products derived from industrial microorganisms unless they contain microbial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).1.3 This classification includes fields for genotype class, biosafety, mode/intent of use, and the extent of DNA sequence information for a given industrial microbial strain.1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 The purpose of irradiation of dried spices, herbs, and vegetable seasonings is to control pathogenic bacteria, molds, and yeasts present in these commodities (2-7).4.2 The process will also kill any insects present, at all stages of development.NOTE 2: CAC/RCP 19-1979 of the Codex Alimentarius identifies the essential practices to be implemented to achieve effective radiation processing of food, in general, in a manner that maintains quality and yields food commodities that are safe and suitable for consumption.1.1 This guide covers procedures for irradiation of dried spices, herbs, and vegetable seasonings for microbiological control. Generally, these items have moisture content of 4.5 to 12 % and are available in whole, ground, chopped, or other finely divided forms, or as blends. The blends may contain sodium chloride and minor amounts of dry food materials ordinarily used in such blends.1.2 This guide covers gamma, electron beam, and X-radiation treatment. This guide also covers low energy electron beam treatment where only part of the product is irradiated (that is, surface treatment).1.3 This guide covers absorbed doses ranging from 3 to 30 kilogray (kGy).NOTE 1: U.S. regulations permit a maximum dose of 30 kGy. (See 21CFR 179.26.) EU regulations permit a maximum dose of 10 kGy. (See Directive 1999/3/EC.)1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This document is one of a set of standards that provides recommendations for properly implementing and utilizing radiation processing. It is intended to be read in conjunction with Practice ISO/ASTM 52628.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 The principal purpose of irradiation is to help ensure the safety of these foods for human consumption. Irradiation significantly reduces the numbers of pathogenic bacteria such as Campylobacter, Shiga toxin-Producing E coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Yersinia enterocolitica.NOTE 3: Ionizing radiation doses below 10 kGy will reduce but may not eliminate spores of pathogenic bacteria including those of Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perfringens, and Bacillus cereus.4.2 The process also inactivates parasites such as Trichinella spiralis and Toxoplasma gondii.4.3 The process may extend the shelf life of fresh meat and poultry by reducing the numbers of viable, spoilage bacteria, such as Pseudomonas species and lactic acid bacilli.4.4 Radiation processing of fresh, frozen, or processed meat and poultry is a critical control point (CCP) of a Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points (HACCP) program. It serves as an important measure to control any residual risk from pathogenic microorganisms before the product reaches the consumer (4).4.5 The “Recommended International Code of Practice for Radiation Processing of Food” (CAC/RCP 19-1979) of the Codex Alimentarius identifies the essential practices to be implemented to achieve effective radiation processing of food, in general, in a manner that maintains quality and yields food products that are safe and suitable for consumption.1.1 This guide outlines procedures for the irradiation of fresh, frozen, or processed meat and poultry.NOTE 1: The Codex Alimentarius Commission defines meat as “the edible part of any mammal” and poultry as “any domesticated bird, including chicken, turkeys, ducks, geese, guinea-fowls, or pigeons” (CAC/MISC 5).NOTE 2: Current U.S. regulations limit the definition of meat and poultry as listed in 9 CFR Section 301.2 and 381.1, respectively. (2, 3).1.2 This guide covers the use of ionizing radiation to eliminate or reduce the numbers of vegetative, pathogenic microorganisms and parasites, and to extend the refrigerated shelf-life of those products by reducing the numbers of spoilage microorganisms in fresh, frozen, or processed meat and poultry. The absorbed dose for this application is typically less than 10 kGy.1.2.1 This guide covers gamma, electron beam, and X-radiation treatment.1.3 This guide addresses irradiation of pre-packaged product for retail sale or for use as an ingredient in other products. It also addresses the in-line irradiation of unpackaged product. Other specific ISO and ASTM standards exist for the irradiation of food. In those areas covered by ISO 14470, that standard takes precedence.1.4 This document is one of a set of standards that provides recommendations for properly implementing and utilizing radiation processing. It is intended to be read in conjunction with ISO/ASTM 52628.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice determines the effectiveness of UVGI devices for reducing viable microorganisms deposited on carriers.5.2 This practice evaluates the effect soiling agents have on UVGI antimicrobial effectiveness.5.3 This practice determines the delivered UVGI dose.1.1 This practice will define test conditions to evaluate ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) light devices (mercury vapor bulbs, light-emitting diodes, or xenon arc lamps) that are designed to kill/inactivate microorganisms deposited on inanimate carriers.1.2 This practice defines the terminology and methodology associated with the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum and evaluating UVGI dose.1.3 This practice defines the testing considerations that can reduce UVGI surface kill effectiveness, that is, presence of a soiling agent.1.4 This practice does not address shadowing.1.5 This practice should only be used by those trained in microbiology and in accordance with the guidance provided by Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (5th edition), 2009, HHS Publication No. (CDC) 21-1112.1.6 This practice does not recommend either specific test microbes or growth media. Users of this practice shall select appropriate test microbes and growth media based on the specific objectives of their UV antimicrobial performance evaluation test plan.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, may be prohibited by local or national law.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车