4.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of rubber materials or fabrics coated therewith subjected to low-temperature flex with an impact under well-defined conditions of striker speed. The response is largely dependent on effects of low temperatures such as crystallization, incompatibility of plasticizer, or the inherent dynamic behavior of the material itself. Data obtained by these test methods may be used to predict the product behavior in applications where the conditions are similar to those specified in these test methods.4.2 These test methods have been found useful for specification and development purposes but do not necessarily indicate the lowest temperature at which the material may be used.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the lowest temperature at which rubber vulcanizates and rubber-coated fabrics will not exhibit fractures or coating cracks when subjected to specified impact conditions.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 Uses—This guide is intended for use on a voluntary basis by parties who wish to conduct a VES on a parcel of real estate to determine if a VEC is identified for the TP (that is, the presence or likely presence of COC vapors in the vadose zone of the TP caused by the release of vapors from contaminated soil and/or groundwater either on or near the TP as identified by the Tier 1 or Tier 2 procedures in this guide). The process defined in this guide is a screening process that requires information similar to information generally collected as part of an E1527 Phase I ESA as well as additional information described in subsection 5.3 and Section 8 of this guide. If a VEC is identified by this screening process, the user may conduct further investigation. This guide, however, defines a procedure for determining in connection with a property involved in a real estate transaction whether a VEC exists or does not exist. A “VEC exists” determination is appropriate, for example, when there is known COC contamination in, at or on the TP, such as may be the case when COC-contaminated groundwater exists in the subsurface of the TP. A “VEC does not exist” determination is appropriate, for example, when subsurface sampling has confirmed that COC’s are not present. The guide can be applied to property with existing structures, property with structures that will be substantially rehabilitated, property without existing structures but having planned structures (for example, property in development), or property without existing structures and with no planned structures (for example, undeveloped property with no planned development).4.2 Clarifications on Use: 4.2.1 Use in Conjunction with E1527 Phase I ESA—This practice, when used in conjunction with E1527 Phase I ESA, may assist the user and environmental professional in developing information about VECs associated with a TP. This guide has utility for a wide range of persons, including those who may not be involved in a real estate transaction.4.2.2 Independent Use—This guide may be used independent of an E1527 Phase I ESA to determine if a VEC exists or does not exist.4.2.3 Site-Specific—This guide is property specific in that it relates to screening of VECs associated with a specific parcel of real estate. Consequently, this guide does not address many additional issues raised in transactions such as purchases of business entities or interests therein, or of their assets, that may well involve environmental liabilities pertaining to properties previously owned or operated or other off-site environmental liabilities. The guide does not replace a Phase I ESA conducted by an environmental professional or any obligation of the environmental professional under E1527 to identify all recognized environmental conditions (RECs) related to the TP.4.3 Who May Conduct—A VES should be performed by an environmental professional. No practical standard can be designed to eliminate the role of professional judgment and the value and need for experience in the party performing the investigation. The professional judgment of an environmental professional is, consequently, vital to the performance of this screening (refer also to Appendix X2). Prior to commencing work, the environmental professional and user should determine the applicability of state professional licensing or registration laws with respect to any vapor intrusion activities to be undertaken to investigate a VEC.4.4 Additional Services Contracted For—Additional services may be contracted for between the user and the environmental professional. Such additional services may include business environmental risk issues not included within the scope of this guide (see subsection 11.3 for some possible examples).4.5 Principles—The following principles are an integral part of this guide and are intended to be referred to in resolving any ambiguity or exercising such discretion as is accorded the user or environmental professional in performing a VES.4.5.1 Uncertainty Not Eliminated in Screening—No vapor encroachment screen, such as included in Sections 8 and 9 of this guide, can wholly eliminate uncertainty regarding the identification of VECs in connection with a TP. Screening is intended to reduce, but not eliminate, uncertainty regarding whether or not a VEC exists in connection with a property.4.5.2 Not Exhaustive—The guide is not meant to be an exhaustive screening. There is a point at which the cost of information obtained or the time required to gather it outweighs the usefulness of the information and, in fact, may be a material detriment to the orderly completion of real estate transactions. One of the purposes of this guide is to identify a balance between the competing goals of limiting the costs and time demands inherent in performing a VES and the reduction of uncertainty about unknown conditions resulting from additional information.4.5.3 Level of Investigation is Variable—Not every property will warrant the same level of screening. The appropriate level of screening should be guided by the nature of the property subject to screening and the information already available or developed during the course of the investigation.4.5.4 Comparison with Subsequent Investigation—It should not be concluded or assumed that an investigation was not adequate because the investigation did not identify VECs in connection with a property. The VES must be evaluated based on the reasonableness of judgments made at the time and under the circumstances in which they were made. Subsequent VESs should not be considered valid bases to judge the appropriateness of any prior screening if based on hindsight, new information, use of developing technology or analytical techniques, or similar factors.4.6 Continued Viability of VES—Subject to subsection 4.7, a VES conducted according to the procedures presented in this guide and completed less than 180 days before the date of acquisition of the property or, for transactions not involving an acquisition, the date of the intended use of the VES, is presumed to be valid. Subject to subsection 4.7 and the user’s responsibilities set forth in Section 6, a VES conducted according to the procedures presented in this guide and for which the information was collected or updated within one year before the date of acquisition of the property or, for transactions not involving an acquisition, the date of the intended use of the VES may be used provided that the following components of the investigation were conducted or updated within 180 days of the date of purchase or the date of the intended transaction:4.6.1 Reviews of federal, tribal, state, and local government records;4.6.2 Update on the operations existing at the TP;4.6.3 Evaluation of any new potential preferential pathways for vapor migration;4.6.4 Screening of any new contaminated plume migration that might cause a VEC on the TP; and4.6.5 Screening of any new contaminant releases in the AOC that might cause a VEC on the TP.4.7 Use of a Prior VES Screen—This guide recognizes that VESs performed in accordance with this guide will include information that subsequent users may want to use to avoid undertaking duplicative screening procedures. Therefore, this guide describes procedures to be followed to assist users in determining the appropriateness of using information in VESs performed more than one year prior to the date of acquisition of the property or, for transactions not involving an acquisition, the date of the intended use of the VES. The use of a prior VES is based on the following principles that should be adhered to in addition to the specific procedures set forth elsewhere in this guide:4.7.1 Use of Prior Information—Subject to the criteria set forth in subsection 4.6, users and environmental professionals may use information in a prior VES provided such information was generated as a result of procedures that are consistent with the procedures presented in this guide. However, such information should not be used without current investigation of conditions likely to affect VECs in connection with the TP. Additional investigation may be necessary to document conditions that may have changed materially since the prior VES was conducted.4.7.2 Contractual Issues Regarding Use of a Prior VES—The contractual and legal obligations between prior and subsequent users of a VES or between environmental professionals who conducted the prior VES and those who would like to use such a prior VES are beyond the scope of this guide.4.8 Actual Knowledge Exception—If the user or environmental professional conducting a VES has actual knowledge that the information being used from a prior VES is not accurate or if it is obvious, based on other information obtained by means of a Phase I and/or Phase II ESA or known to the person conducting the Phase I and/or Phase II ESA, that the information being used is not accurate, such information from a prior VES may not be used.4.9 Rules of Engagement—The contractual and legal obligations between an environmental professional and a user (and other parties, if any) are outside the scope of this guide. No specific legal relationship between the environmental professional and the user is necessary for the user to implement the procedures presented in this guide.1.1 Purpose—The purpose of this guide is to provide practical guidance and a useful process for conducting a vapor encroachment screen (VES) on a property parcel involved in a real estate transaction in the United States of America with respect to chemicals of concern (COC) that may migrate as vapors into the vadose zone of a property as a result of contaminated soil and/or groundwater on or near the property. This guide may be used in conjunction with E1527 but does not alter or in any way define the scope of that practice. In addition, performance of this guide is not a requirement of and does not constitute, expand, or in any way define “all appropriate inquiry” as defined and approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and the regulations there under, including 40 CFR Sec. 312.11.1.1.1 Vapor Encroachment Condition (VEC)—The goal of conducting a VES, as established by this guide, on a parcel of property is to identify a vapor encroachment condition (VEC), which is the presence or likely presence of COC vapors in the vadose zone of the target property (TP) caused by the release of vapors from contaminated soil and/or groundwater either on or near the TP as identified by Tier 1 (see Section 8) or Tier 2 (see Section 9) procedures.1.1.2 Federal, State, and Local Environmental Laws—This guide does not address requirements of any federal, state, or local laws with respect to vapor intrusion. Users are cautioned that federal, state, and local laws, regulations, or policy may impose vapor encroachment screening or vapor intrusion assessment obligations that are beyond the scope of this guide (information is provided in Appendix X5 and Appendix X9). Users should also be aware that there may be other legal obligations, for example, disclosure, with regard to COC or COC vapors discovered on the TP that are not addressed in this guide. This ASTM practice does not supersede existing federal, state and local statutes and regulations.1.1.3 Documentation—The scope of this guide includes investigation and reporting actions. Sufficient documentation of all sources, records, and resources used in the investigation procedures that are set out in this guide should be provided in the VES report (refer to Section 10).1.2 Objectives—Objectives guiding the development of this guide are: (1) to synthesize and put into writing a practical guide for conducting a VES on a property involved in a real estate transaction and (2) to provide that the process to screen for a VEC is practical and reasonable.1.3 Considerations Outside the —The use of this guide is strictly limited to the scope set forth in this section. Section 11 of this guide identifies, for informational purposes, certain tasks (not an all-inclusive list) that may be conducted on a property that are beyond the scope of this guide but that may warrant consideration by parties to a real estate transaction. Whether to include an investigation of any such conditions in the environmental professional's scope of services should be evaluated by the user and should be agreed upon between the user and environmental professional as additional services beyond the scope of this guide before initiation of a Phase I ESA conducted in conjunction with a VES or initiation of an independent VES.1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 Organization of this Guide—This guide has eleven sections and nine appendices. The appendices are included for informational purposes and are not part of the procedures prescribed in this guide.Section 1 contains the scope of the guide.Section 2 includes the referenced documents.Section 3 has definitions of terms pertinent to this guide, terms used in this guide but defined in E1527, and acronyms.Section 4 is directed at the significance and use of this guide.Section 5 discusses the relationship between this guide and E1527.Section 6 describes the user's responsibilities under this guide.Sections 7 – 10 consist of the main body of the VES process, including evaluation and report preparation.Section 11 provides information regarding non-scope considerations (see 1.3).Appendix X1 provides legal background for vapor encroachment screening.Appendix X2 provides guidance on suggested qualifications for the environmental professional conducting the VES.Appendix X3 provides a sample questionnaire for the environmental professional to obtain pertinent information for the VES from the property owner/operator/occupants.Appendix X4 provides a recommended table of contents and report format for the VES investigation when not incorporated into a Phase I ESA report.Appendix X5 includes a listing of federal and state agency web sites that discuss vapor intrusion assessment policies and guidance.Appendix X6 includes a list of chemicals of potential concern.Appendix X7 provides general guidance for vapor intrusion assessment and mitigation.Appendix X8 provides general guidance and references for data collection in the conduct of vapor intrusion investigations.Appendix X9 provides a supplemental bibliography of federal and state vapor intrusion guidance and other publications that may assist the environmental professional conducting a VES or vapor intrusion assessment.1.6 This guide does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This guide cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this guide be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the guide has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide defines the information which is considered essential to uniquely describe a fiber, filler, or core material in a computerized database. A format is recommended for placing these data in fields suitable for a computerized database. Additional fields which are considered desirable, but not essential, are also defined. The purpose is to facilitate efficient storage and retrieval of the information with a computer and to allow meaningful comparison of data from different sources.4.2 Comparison of property data from different sources will be most meaningful if all the essential information defined by the guidelines is present. Comparison may still be possible if essential information is omitted, but the value of the comparison may be greatly reduced.4.3 While at this time there is no generally accepted numbering system for these materials, analogous to those for metals and alloys, a field for an identifying number (Material Reference Number) is included should such a system be developed in the future.4.4 This information should not be considered restrictive. For example, a database designer may find it useful to aggregate several fields, such as the material and chemical class fields, into a single field. This may affect search strategies and other database operations. These considerations are beyond the scope of this guide.1.1 This guide establishes the essential and desirable elements of data required for the identification in computerized material property databases of fibers, fillers, and core materials used in composite materials. A recommended format for entry of these fields into a computerized database is provided. Examples of the application of this guide are also included.1.2 The recommended format described in this guide is suggested for use in recording data in a database, which is different from contractural reporting of actual test results. The latter type of information is described in materials specifications shown in business transactions and is subject to agreement between vendor and purchaser.1.3 The materials covered by this guide include fibers, both continuous and discontinuous, and fillers of various geometries which are used as reinforcements in composite materials, as well as core materials used in sandwich composites. Cores may be foam, honeycomb, or naturally occurring materials such as balsa wood. These materials are distinguished from bulk materials by the importance of their specialized geometric forms to their properties. This difference is reflected in the use of geometry, along with chemistry, as a primary basis for classification. Identification of composite materials is discussed in Guide E1309.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Data elements shall be included in the asset record to provide efficient and effective management of assets.5.2 Use of this practice will result in greater efficiency in the management of assets including its monitoring, the performance of physical inventories, self-assessments, disposition, etc.1.1 This practice presents recommendations for data elements that may be included within an asset record.1.2 This practice names and provides definitions of data characteristics commonly associated with asset record data elements.1.3 This standard does not purport to address any contractual requirements imposed upon the entity. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to ensure that all contractual requirements are met.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 Certain rubber articles, for example, seals, gaskets, hoses, diaphragms, and sleeves, may be exposed to oils, greases, fuels, and other fluids during service. The exposure may be continuous or intermittent and may occur over wide temperature ranges.4.2 Properties of rubber articles deteriorate during exposure to these liquids, affecting the performance of the rubber part, which can result in partial failure.4.3 This test method attempts to simulate service conditions through controlled accelerated testing, but may not give any direct correlation with actual part performance, since service conditions vary too widely. It yields comparative data on which to base judgment as to expected service quality.4.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee purposes, and research and development work.1.1 This test method covers the required procedures to evaluate the comparative ability of rubber and rubber-like compositions to withstand the effect of liquids. It is designed for testing: (1) specimens of vulcanized rubber cut from standard sheets (see Practice D3182), (2) specimens cut from fabric coated with vulcanized rubber (see Test Methods D751), or (3) finished articles of commerce (see Practice D3183). This test method is not applicable to the testing of cellular rubbers, porous compositions, and compressed sheet packing, except as described in 12.2.2.1.2 Periodically, it is necessary to produce a new lot of an IRM oil to replace the dwindling supply of the current product. The Chairman of the subcommittee shall have the authority to approve the production of a replacement lot. Once produced, the technical data of the new lot shall be presented, in a comparative fashion, to that of the existing lot and balloted upon by the membership of the D11.15 subcommittee and, either subsequently or concurrently, balloted upon by the membership of the D11 main committee for approval to release the new lot for distribution.1.3 In the event that an IRM oil becomes unavailable for distribution due to depletion, the Chairman of the subcommittee shall have the authority to approve production of a new lot and, after a meeting of the task group, regularly scheduled, or not, to release a quantity of the product for distribution sufficient enough only to address a backlog. Once the backlog is addressed, the process described in 1.2 shall be followed.1.4 ASTM Oils No. 2 and No. 3, formerly used in this test method as standard test liquids, are no longer commercially available and in 1993 were replaced with IRM 902 and IRM 903, respectively (see Appendix X1 for details).1.5 ASTM No. 1 Oil, previously used in this test method as a standard test liquid, is no longer commercially available and in 2005 was replaced with IRM 901; refer to Table 1 and Appendix X3 for details.1.6 ASTM No. 5 Oil was accepted into Specification D5900 as an industry reference material in 2010 and designated as IRM 905. The composition, and properties of this immersion oil were not changed and the data in Table 1 remains current. Refer to Appendix X4 for other details.1.7 The specifications and properties listed in Table 1 for IRM 901, IRM 902, IRM 903, and IRM 905 are also maintained in Specification D5900.1.7.1 The subcommittee responsible for maintaining Test Method D471, presently D11.15, shall review the data in Specification D5900 to ensure that it is identical to that which appears in Test Method D471. This shall be accomplished at the time of the 5 year review or more frequently when necessary.1.8 Historical, technical, and background information regarding the conversion from ASTM No. 1, ASTM No. 2, and ASTM No. 3 Oils to IRM 901, IRM 902, and IRM 903 immersion oils is maintained in Practice D5964.1.8.1 The subcommittee responsible for maintaining Test Method D471, presently D11.15, shall review the data in Practice D5964 to ensure that it is identical to that which appears in Test Method D471. This shall be accomplished at the time of the 5 year review or more frequently when necessary.1.9 This test method includes the following:Change in Mass (after immersion) Section 11Change in Volume (after immersion) Section 12Dimensional-Change Method for Water-Insoluble Liq- uids and Mixed Liquids  Section 13Change in Mass with Liquid on One Surface Only Section 14Determining Mass of Soluble Matter Extracted by the  Liquid  Section 15Change in Tensile Strength, Elongation and Hardness (after immersion)  Section 16Change in Breaking Resistance, Burst Strength, Tear  Strength and Adhesion for Coated Fabrics  Section 17Calculation (of test results) Section 181.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 Continuing emphasis by interested stakeholders demands that an entity dispose of surplus personal property assets in the most economical and efficient manner possible.5.2 The selection of the disposal method may depend on regulatory, environmental, or safety concerns.5.3 A personal property assets disposal program should be conducted in a manner consistent with the entity’s requirements, goals, and objectives.1.1 This guide describes various personal property asset disposal methods including donation, sales, recycling, destruction, and abandonment.1.2 This guide recognizes that while some entities distinguish between ‘excess’ and ‘surplus’ personal property assets, this guide will remain consistent with Terminology E2135 using those words as they are defined therein.1.3 Prior to disposing of any personal property assets, consideration should be given to reutilization/reuse within the owning entity.1.4 Disposal is the final step in the final phase of the life cycle management of personal property assets.1.5 As entities may incur unnecessary or additional costs associated with recordkeeping, taxes, storage, maintenance, etc,. of personal property assets until final disposal actions are complete, selecting the most efficient and economical method of disposal is critical to a successful disposal program.1.6 This guide does not include specific requirements for the classification or the disposal of scrap items or materials.1.7 This guide does not specifically address disposal requirements of governmental laws and regulations. However, this guide enables an entity to align or integrate applicable governmental laws and regulations with its own requirements.1.7.1 When disposing of assets owned by another entity, entities must adhere to contractual requirements of the owning entity as well as applicable statutory and regulatory guidelines, policies, and requirements specific to the owning entity.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Rubber articles, such as seals, gaskets, and membranes, may be exposed in service to chlorine compounds used in potable water as disinfectants. The exposure may be intermittent or continuous and can occur at various temperatures.5.2 Properties of rubber articles can deteriorate as a result of exposure to water containing these chlorine compounds, affecting their performance for the intended use.5.3 This test method attempts to simulate service conditions through controlled accelerated testing, but may not give a direct correlation with part performance under actual service conditions. It yields comparative data on which to base judgement on expected service quality.5.4 This test method is suitable for compliance testing, quality control, and research and development work.1.1 This test method covers procedures for evaluating the ability of rubber and rubber-like materials to withstand the effects of aqueous solutions with available chlorine and chloramine. It is intended to compare the effects of chlorine compounds, present in potable water due to disinfection procedures, on rubber articles.1.2 Test solutions are designed to contain chlorine compounds, including hypochlorous acid (HOCl), hypochlorite ions (OCl), and monochloramine (NH2Cl).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车