定价： 78元 / 折扣价： 67 元 加购物车

定价： 78元 / 折扣价： 67 元 加购物车

4.1 A program based on this guide will provide assurance to all concerned that the appropriate elements of radiation safety have been included to protect workers, the general public, and the environment in proximity to the decommissioning activities.4.2 Implementation of such a program will provide assurance to those agencies responsible for review or audit of the decommissioning project that the requirements for radiation protection have been addressed.1.1 This guide provides instruction to the individual charged with the responsibility for developing and implementing the radiation protection program for decommissioning operations.1.2 This guide provides a basis for the user to develop radiation protection program documentation that will support both the radiological engineering and radiation safety aspects of the decommissioning project.1.3 This guide presents a description of those elements that should be addressed in a specific radiation protection plan for each decommissioning project. The plan would, in turn, form the basis for development of the implementation procedures that execute the intent of the plan.1.4 This guide applies to the development of radiation protection programs established to control exposures to radiation and radioactive materials associated with the decommissioning of nuclear facilities. The intent of this guide is to supplement existing radiation protection programs as they may pertain to decommissioning workers, members of the general public and the environment by describing the basic elements of a radiation protection program for decommissioning operations.1.5 This guide defines the elements of a radiation protection program that will ensure that the goals and objectives of a decommissioning activity are attained within the radiological limits and restrictions imposed by applicable governing and regulating agencies. The implementation of such a program will provide radiological protection to personnel and the environment. This guide should be used for developing the documentation that defines the intent and implementation of the radiation protection program for a specific decommissioning project.1.6 The Radiation Protection Program should address the following elements (see Note 1). This program shall be developed and maintained such that it satisfies all applicable Quality Assurance requirements developed for the decommissioning project.NOTE 1: If the site to be decommissioned is adjacent to an operating site, the radiological impact of the operating site must be considered in the development of the Radiation Protection Program for the decommissioning site.1.7 This guide does not address the subjects of emergency preparedness, safeguards, accountability, waste handling, storage, and transportation. Each of these issues has a direct interface with the radiation protection program. However, each constitutes a program in and of itself from program definition through implementation.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元 加购物车

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元 加购物车

定价： 819元 / 折扣价： 697 元

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

This specification covers special aggregates for use in radiation-shielding concretes in which composition or high specific gravity, or both, are of prime consideration. Aggregates covered by specification include the natural mineral aggregates of either high density or high fixed water content, or both. These include aggregates that contain or consist predominately of materials such as barite, magnetite, hematite, ilmenite, and serpentine. Also included are synthetic aggregates such as iron, steel, ferrophosphorus and boron frit or other boron compounds. Fine aggregate consisting of natural or manufactured sand including high-density minerals. Coarse aggregate may consist of crushed ore, crushed stone, or synthetic products, or combinations or mixture thereof. Aggregates shall meet the required uniformity of specific gravity and fixed water content. The materials shall also meet the required chemical composition for serpentine, limonite, goethite, barite, ilmenite, hematite, magnetite, iron, ferrophosphorus, boron frit, boron carbide, calcium carbide.1.1 This specification covers special aggregates and/or high-density aggregates for use in radiation-shielding concretes in which composition or high specific gravity, or both, are of prime consideration.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

1. Scope 1.1 General 1.1.1 This Standard provides guidelines and a methodology for calculating effective doses and thyroid doses to people (either individually or collectively) in the path of airborne radioactive material released from a nuclear f

定价： 819元 / 折扣价： 697 元

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

1.1 This descriptive nomenclature is intended to give accurate descriptions of some common or important naturally occurring and synthetic constituents of aggregates for radiation-shielding concrete, that, at the same time, are not common or important constituents of concrete aggregates in general use. While most of the minerals and rocks discussed below may occur in small quantities in aggregates in general use, they are not major constituents of such aggregates. Common constituents of aggregates in general use are described in Descriptive Nomenclature C294. Radiation-shielding concrete often contains such aggregates, but other special aggregates are used in some circumstances.1.2 The synthetic aggregates included are ferrophosphorus and boron frit.1.3 The descriptions are not adequate to permit the identification of materials, since accurate identification of natural and synthetic aggregate constituents in many cases can only be made by a qualified geologist, mineralogist, or petrographer, using the apparatus and procedures of those sciences.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is intended to be used by wire producers and thermocouple manufacturers for certification of refractory metal thermocouples. It is intended to provide a consistent method for calibration of refractory metal thermocouples referenced to a calibrated radiation thermometer. Uncertainty in calibration and operation of the radiation thermometer, and proper construction and use of the test furnace are of primary importance.5.2 Calibration establishes the temperature-emf relationship for a particular thermocouple under a specific temperature and chemical environment. However, during high temperature calibration or application at elevated temperatures in vacuum, oxidizing, reducing or contaminating environments, and depending on temperature distribution, local irreversible changes may occur in the Seebeck Coefficient of one or both thermoelements. If the introduced inhomogeneities are significant, the emf from the thermocouple will depend on the distribution of temperature between the measuring and reference junctions.5.3 At high temperatures, the accuracy of refractory metal thermocouples may be limited by electrical shunting errors through the ceramic insulators of the thermocouple assembly. This effect may be reduced by careful choice of the insulator material, but above approximately 2100 °C, the electrical shunting errors may be significant even for the best insulators available.1.1 This test method covers the calibration of refractory metal thermocouples using a radiation thermometer as the standard instrument. This test method is intended for use with types of thermocouples that cannot be exposed to an oxidizing atmosphere. These procedures are appropriate for thermocouple calibrations at temperatures above 800 °C (1472 °F).1.2 The calibration method is applicable to the following thermocouple assemblies:1.2.1 Type 1—Bare-wire thermocouple assemblies in which vacuum or an inert or reducing gas is the only electrical insulating medium between the thermoelements.1.2.2 Type 2—Assemblies in which loose fitting ceramic insulating pieces, such as single-bore or double-bore tubes, are placed over the thermoelements.1.2.3 Type 2A—Assemblies in which loose fitting ceramic insulating pieces, such as single-bore or double-bore tubes, are placed over the thermoelements, permanently enclosed and sealed in a loose fitting metal or ceramic tube.1.2.4 Type 3—Swaged assemblies in which a refractory insulating powder is compressed around the thermoelements and encased in a thin-walled tube or sheath made of a high melting point metal or alloy.1.2.5 Type 4—Thermocouple assemblies in which one thermoelement is in the shape of a closed-end protection tube and the other thermoelement is a solid wire or rod that is coaxially supported inside the closed-end tube. The space between the two thermoelements can be filled with an inert or reducing gas, or with ceramic insulating materials, or kept under vacuum.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 The electrical properties of gate and field oxides are altered by ionizing radiation. The method for determining the dose delivered by the source irradiation is discussed in Practices E666, E668, E1249, and Guide E1894. The time dependent and dose rate effects of the ionizing radiation can be determined by comparing pre- and post-irradiation voltage shifts, ΔVot and ΔVit. This test method provides a means for evaluation of the ionizing radiation response of MOSFETs and isolation parasitic MOSFETs.5.2 The measured voltage shifts, ΔVot and ΔVit, can provide a measure of the effectiveness of processing variations on the ionizing radiation response.5.3 This technique can be used to monitor the total-dose response of a process technology.1.1 This test method covers the use of the subthreshold charge separation technique for analysis of ionizing radiation degradation of a gate dielectric in a metal-oxide-semiconductor-field-effect transistor (MOSFET) and an isolation dielectric in a parasitic MOSFET.2,3,4 The subthreshold technique is used to separate the ionizing radiation-induced inversion voltage shift, ΔVINV into voltage shifts due to oxide trapped charge, ΔVot and interface traps, ΔV it. This technique uses the pre- and post-irradiation drain to source current versus gate voltage characteristics in the MOSFET subthreshold region.1.2 Procedures are given for measuring the MOSFET subthreshold current-voltage characteristics and for the calculation of results.1.3 The application of this test method requires the MOSFET to have a substrate (body) contact.1.4 Both pre- and post-irradiation MOSFET subthreshold source or drain curves must follow an exponential dependence on gate voltage for a minimum of two decades of current.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元