定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元

定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元

定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元

定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元 加购物车

定价： 156元 / 折扣价： 133 元 加购物车

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元 加购物车

5.1 This method for investigating creep rupture of FRP bars is intended for use in laboratory tests in which the principal variable is the size or type of FRP bars, magnitude of applied force, and duration of force application. Unlike steel reinforcing bars or prestressing tendons subjected to significant sustained stress, creep rupture of FRP bars may take place below the static tensile strength. Therefore, the creep rupture strength is an important factor when determining acceptable stress levels in FRP bars used as reinforcement or tendons in concrete members designed to resist sustained loads. Creep rupture strength varies according to the type of FRP bars used.5.2 This test method measures the creep rupture time of FRP bars under a given set of controlled environmental conditions and force ratios.5.3 This test method is intended to determine the creep rupture data for material specifications, research and development, quality assurance, and structural design and analysis. The primary test result is the million-hour creep rupture capacity of the specimen.5.4 Creep properties of reinforced, post-tensioned, or prestressed concrete structures are important to be considered in design. For FRP bars used as reinforcing bars or tendons, the creep rupture shall be measured according to the method given herein.1.1 This test method outlines requirements for tensile creep rupture testing of fiber reinforced polymer matrix (FRP) composite bars commonly used as tensile elements in reinforced, prestressed, or post-tensioned concrete.1.2 Data obtained from this test method are used in design of FRP reinforcements under sustained loading. The procedure for calculating the one-million hour creep-rupture capacity is provided in Annex A1.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is developed for use in the determination of anticipated total elongation over time or time to rupture that may occur in geosynthetics under sustained loading conditions.5.1.1 The test data can be used in conjunction with interpretive methods to determine creep strain potential at design loads.5.1.2 The test data can be used in conjunction with interpretive methods to determine creep rupture potential at various loads.5.2 This test method is not intended for routine acceptance testing of geosynthetics. This test method should be used to characterize geosynthetics intended for use in reinforcement applications in which creep or creep rupture is of concern. The plane strain or rupture condition imposed during testing must be considered when using the test results for design.5.3 The basic distinctions between this test method and other test methods for measuring tension creep and creep rupture behavior are: (1) the width of the specimens (Section 8), and (2) the measurement of total elongation over time or time to rupture from the moment of specimen loading. The greater widths of the specimens specified in this test method minimize the contraction edge effect (necking) that occurs in many geosynthetic materials and provides a closer relationship to actual material behavior in plane strain tension conditions.5.4 The creep or stress rupture of a given geosynthetic is likely to be reduced in soil because of confining stresses and load transfer to the soil. The unconfined environment represents a controlled test in which the results are conservative with regard to the behavior of the material in service. Confined or in-soil testing may model the field behavior of the geosynthetic more accurately.1.1 This test method is intended for use in determining the unconfined tension creep and creep rupture behavior of geosynthetics at constant temperature when subjected to a sustained tensile loading. This test method is applicable to all geosynthetics.1.2 The test method measures total elongation of the geosynthetic test specimen, from the time of loading, while being maintained at a constant temperature. It includes procedures for measuring the tension creep and creep rupture behavior at constant temperature of conditioned unconfined geosynthetics as well as directions for calculating tension forces to plot creep and creep rupture curves.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车