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5.1 This test method provides a means for obtaining useful in-service fluid analysis properties in the field. It is not to be confused with laboratory or portable FTIR devices which provide measurements per the existing Test Methods listed in 4.1.1.1. Each of these monitored properties has been shown over time to indicate either contamination in the fluid system or a particular breakdown modality of the fluid, which is critical information to assess the health of the fluid as well as the machinery. By utilizing the field device, it is possible for those operating machinery, in locations and situations where it is not practical to gather a sample for the laboratory, to obtain quality in-service fluid analysis. This may be due to the need to have an analysis done in real-time, on-the-spot to maximize the operational hours of equipment, or to have the analysis performed at a location where no laboratory analysis is available.1.1 This test method describes the use of a grating spectrometer to analyze properties of an in-service fluid sample which are indicative of the status of that fluid and related machinery.1.2 This test method provides a means for the assessment of in-service fluid properties using infrared spectroscopy. It describes a methodology for sampling, performing analysis, and providing key in-service fluid properties with a self-contained unit that is meant for field use. It provides analysis of in-service fluids at any stage of their useful life, including newly utilized fluid.1.3 In particular, these key in-service fluid properties include oxidation, nitration, sulfation, soot, and antiwear additives. They are applicable for hydrocarbon type (API Group I-IV) fluids from machinery lubricants, including reciprocating engine oils, turbine oils, hydraulic oils, and gear oils.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4.1 Exception—The unit for wavenumbers is in cm-1.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice is intended as a solution to the difficulty of obtaining reproducible test results from heterogeneous samples.5.2 This practice works best with multilayered liquids, but can also be applied to samples with solid particles that are sufficiently small in size to be suspended in an emulsion.5.3 The emulsified/suspended sample can be used for all bulk property testing such as microwave digestion/inductively coupled argon plasma (ICAP), ion chromatography, heat of combustion, ash content, water, nonvolatile residue, and pH. It may be prudent to retain a portion of the sample in its original, multiphase form for some types of analyses.1.1 This practice covers the generation of a uniform mixture or emulsion from multiphase samples which are primarily liquid in order to facilitate sample preparation, transfer, and analysis.1.2 This practice is designed to keep a multiphase fluid sample in an emulsified/suspended state long enough to take a single, composite sample that is representative of the sample as a whole. The sample may reform multiple layers after standing.1.3 The emulsion/suspension generated by following this practice can be used only for analytical procedures designed for the total sample and procedures not significantly affected by the emulsifier or the presence of an emulsion/suspension.1.4 This practice assumes that a representative sample of not more than 1 L has been obtained.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The data obtained for the reference test fluid are intended to be used by laboratory personnel to determine their capability to perform tests properly. If a particular determination does not fall within the prescribed limits, it has to be assumed that an error occurred in the application of the test procedure.5.2 The coolant composition given in this specification is not intended to be a commercial product.AbstractThis specification covers a reference ethylene glycol-base test fluid to be used in providing base line data for ASTM coolant test procedures. The reference test fluid concentrate shall be prepared to conform to the requirements as to chemical composition prescribed. The materials used to prepare the reference test fluid shall meet the requirements specified. The formulated reference test fluid concentrate shall conform to the requirements for laboratory test performance prescribed.1.1 This specification covers a reference ethylene glycol-base test fluid to be used in providing base line data for ASTM coolant test procedures.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Exposure to aerosols in the industrial metal removal environment has been associated with adverse respiratory effects.4.2 Use of this practice will mitigate occupational exposure and effects of exposure to aerosols in the metal removal environment.4.3 Through implementation of this practice, users should be able to reduce instances and severity of respiratory irritation and disease through the effective use of a metal removal fluid management program, appropriate product selection, appropriate machine tool design, proper air handling mechanisms, and control of microorganisms.1.1 This practice sets forth guidelines to control respiratory hazards in the metal removal environment.1.2 This practice does not include prevention of dermatitis, which is the subject of Practice E2693, but it does adopt a similar systems management approach with many control elements in common.1.3 This practice focuses on employee exposure via inhalation of metal removal fluids and associated airborne agents.1.4 Metal removal fluids used for wet machining operations (such as cutting, drilling, milling, or grinding) that remove metal to produce the finished part are a subset of metalworking fluids. This practice does not apply to other operations (such as stamping, rolling, forging, or casting) that use metalworking fluids other than metal removal fluids. These other types of metalworking fluid operations are not included in this document because of limited information on health effects, including epidemiology studies, and on control technologies. Nonetheless, some of the exposure control approaches and guidance contained in this document may be useful for managing respiratory hazards associated with other types of metalworking fluids.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Olefinic hydrocarbons that may be present in denatured ethanol have been demonstrated to contribute to photochemical reactions in the atmosphere, and this can result in the formation of smog in susceptible urban areas.5.2 The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has specified a maximum allowable limit of total olefins in spark ignition engine fuel. Denatured ethanol will be added at the terminals as an oxygenate additive and can contain olefinic species contributing to the total olefins present in spark ignition engine fuel. An analytical method is therefore necessary to determine total olefins in denatured ethanol intended for spark ignition engine fuel use. The test method is intended to be used by both regulators and producers.5.3 The present test method is automated, does not require any sample preparation, and has a relatively short analysis time of approximately 20 min.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total amount of olefins in denatured ethanol to be used as an oxygenate additive in blended spark ignition engine fuels. The method of determination is supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The application range is from 0.1 mass percent to 1.0 mass percent total olefins. Results are expressed in terms of mass percent olefins.1.2 This test method can be used for the analysis of denatured ethanol that is intended to be used as an oxygenate additive in commercial spark ignition engine fuels.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 When more than one elastomer seal material is tested, the test methods yield comparative data on which to base judgements as to expected service quality. Suggested in-service property change limits are provided. Property changes beyond these limits will indicate limited service life of the elastomer seal.4.2 These test methods attempt to simulate service conditions through controlled aging and evaluation of property changes but may not give any direct correlations with actual part performance since actual service conditions vary widely. These test methods yield comparative data and indications of property changes of the elastomeric seal material under ideal service conditions. These test methods can be used for quality control purposes, for engineering assessments, for service evaluation, and for manufacturing control. The information from these test methods can be used to anticipate expected service quality.1.1 These test methods cover the procedure for measuring physical properties of elastomer seals in the form of O-rings after exposure to industrial hydraulic fluids and thermal aging. The measured properties are then compared to the physical properties of elastomer seals that have not been exposed to the industrial hydraulic fluids and thermal aging. The changes in these properties form a basis for assessing compatibility when these changes are compared against the suggested limits in Table 1.1.2 While these test methods involve the use of O-rings, they can also be used to evaluate the compatibility of the elastomeric compounds of specialty seals with industrial hydraulic fluids and their resistance to thermal aging. The compounds can be molded into O-rings for evaluation purposes.1.3 These test methods provide procedures for exposing O-ring test specimens to industrial hydraulic fluids under definite conditions of temperature and time. The resulting deterioration of the O-ring material is determined by comparing the changes in work function, hardness, physical properties, compression set, and seal volume after immersion in the test fluid to the pre-immersion values.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.4.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Corrosiveness of a fluid to a bimetallic couple is one of the properties used to evaluate hydraulic or lubricating fluids. It is an indicator of the compatibility of a fluid with a brass on steel galvanic couple at ambient temperature and 50 % relative humidity.1.1 This test method covers the corrosiveness of hydraulic and lubricating fluids to a bimetallic galvanic couple.NOTE 1: This test method replicates Fed-Std No. 791, Method 5322.2. It utilizes the same apparatus, test conditions, and evaluation criteria, but it describes test procedures more explicitly.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Gasoline-range olefinic hydrocarbons have been demonstrated to contribute to photochemical reactions in the atmosphere, which result in the formation of photochemical smog in susceptible urban areas.5.2 The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has specified a maximum allowable limit of total olefins in motor gasoline. This necessitates an appropriate analytical test method for determination of total olefins to be used both by regulators and producers.5.3 This test method compares favorably with Test Method D1319 (FIA) for the determination of total olefins in motor gasolines. It does not require any sample preparation, has a comparatively short analysis time of about 10 min, and is readily automated. Alternative methods for determination of olefins in gasoline include Test Methods D6839 and D6296.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total amount of olefins in blended motor gasolines and gasoline blending stocks by supercritical-fluid chromatography (SFC). Results are expressed in terms of mass percent olefins. The method working range is from expected concentration of 1 % by mass to expected concentration of 25 % by mass total olefins.1.2 This test method can be used for analysis of commercial gasolines, including those containing varying levels of oxygenates, such as methyl tert/butyl ether (MTBE), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), methyl tert/amyl ether (TAME), and ethanol, without interference.NOTE 1: This test method has not been designed for the determination of the total amounts of saturates, aromatics, and oxygenates.1.3 This test method includes a relative bias section based on Practice D6708 accuracy assessment between Test Method D6550 mass percent and Test Method D1319 volume percent for total olefins in spark-ignition engine fuels as a possible Test Method D6550 alternative to Test Method D1319 for U.S. EPA regulations reporting. The Practice D6708 derived correlation equation is only applicable for test result range from 0.53 % to 26.88 % by mass as reported by Test Method D6550.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The chemical composition of fresh FCC catalyst and equilibrium FCC catalyst is a predictor of catalyst performance. The analysis of catalyst fines also provides information on the performance of the FCC unit and the fines collection device(s).4.2 The chemical composition of equilibrium FCC catalyst is a measure of the hazardous nature or toxicity of the material for purposes of disposal or secondary use.1.1 This guide covers several comparable procedures for the quantitative chemical analysis of up to 29 elements in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). Additional elements may be added.1.2 This guide is applicable to fresh FCC catalyst, equilibrium FCC catalyst, spent FCC catalyst, and FCC catalyst fines.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3.1 The units of ppm (mg/kg) are used instead of wt% in Tables X2.3-X2.5 for reporting concentration of certain elements because of industry convention and because most of these elements are present at trace levels.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Fluids and greases in contact with encapsulating compounds have the potential to adversely modify the encapsulant properties with resulting damage or loss of protection to components in electronic applications.5.2 This test method provides a means for measuring the effect of fluids and greases on various encapsulants.5.3 This test method is intended for use in research and evaluation.1.1 This test method determines the resistance of encapsulating compounds to fluids or greases by measuring changes in weight (Note 1) and volume under defined conditions of time and temperature.Note 1—To provide consistency with the usage in other ASTM test methods concerned with determining the properties of plastic materials, the terms “weight” and “weigh” are used in this test method although the units of measurement are those of mass.1.2 The values stated in SI units are standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.Note 2—There is no similar or equivalent IEC standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 9.1.

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4.1 Direct-rotary drilling may be used in support of geoenvironmental exploration and for installation of subsurface water-quality monitoring devices in unconsolidated and consolidated materials. Direct-rotary drilling may be selected over other methods based on advantages over other methods. In drilling unconsolidated sediments and hard rock, other than cavernous limestones and basalts where circulation cannot be maintained, the direct-rotary method is a faster drilling method than the cable-tool method. The cutting samples from direct-rotary drilled holes are usually as representative as those obtained from cable-tool drilled holes however, direct-rotary drilled holes usually require more well-development effort. If drilling of water-sensitive materials (that is, friable sandstones or collapsible soils) is anticipated, it may preclude use of water-based rotary-drilling methods and other drilling methods should be considered.4.1.1 The application of direct-rotary drilling to geoenvironmental exploration may involve sampling, coring, in situ or pore-fluid testing, or installation of casing for subsequent drilling activities in unconsolidated or consolidated materials. Several advantages of using the direct-rotary drilling method are stability of the borehole wall in drilling unconsolidated formations due to the buildup of a filter cake on the wall. The method can also be used in drilling consolidated formations. Disadvantages to using the direct-rotary drilling method include the introduction of fluids to the subsurface, and creation of the filter cake on the wall of the borehole that may alter the natural hydraulic characteristics of the borehole.NOTE 3: The user may install a monitoring device within the same borehole wherein sampling, in situ or pore-fluid testing, or coring was performed.4.2 The subsurface water-quality monitoring devices that are addressed in this guide consist generally of a screened or porous intake and riser pipe(s) that are usually installed with a filter pack to enhance the longevity of the intake unit, and with isolation seals and low-permeability backfill to deter the movement of fluids or infiltration of surface water between hydrologic units penetrated by the borehole (see Practice D5092/D5092M). Since a piezometer is primarily a device used for measuring subsurface hydraulic heads, the conversion of a piezometer to a water-quality monitoring device should be made only after consideration of the overall quality of the installation, including the quality of materials that will contact sampled water or gas.NOTE 4: Both water-quality monitoring devices and piezometers should have adequate casing seals, annular isolation seals and backfills to deter movement of contaminants between hydrologic units.1.1 This guide covers how direct (straight) rotary-drilling procedures with water-based drilling fluids may be used for geoenvironmental exploration and installation of subsurface water-quality monitoring devices.NOTE 1: The term direct with respect to the rotary-drilling method of this guide indicates that a water-based drilling fluid is pumped through a drill-rod column to a rotating bit. The drilling fluid transports cuttings to the surface through the annulus between the drill-rod column and the borehole wall.NOTE 2: This guide does not include considerations for geotechnical site characterization that are addressed in a separate guide.1.2 Direct-rotary drilling for geoenvironmental exploration and monitoring-device installations will often involve safety planning, administration and documentation. This standard does not purport to specifically address exploration and site safety.1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units (given in brackets) are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exactly equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two system may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 All observed and calculated values are to conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.5 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objective; and it is common practice to increase or reduce the significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis method or engineering design.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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