5.1 This microvacuum sampling and indirect analysis method is used for the general testing of non-airborne dust samples for asbestos. It is used to assist in the evaluation of dust that may be found on surfaces in buildings such as ceiling tiles, shelving, electrical components, duct work, carpet, etc. This test method provides an index of the surface loading of asbestos structures in the dust per unit area analyzed as derived from a quantitative TEM analysis.5.1.1 This test method does not describe procedures or techniques required to evaluate the safety or habitability of buildings with asbestos-containing materials, or compliance with federal, state, or local regulations or statutes. It is the user’s responsibility to make these determinations.5.1.2 At present, no relationship has been established between asbestos-containing dust as measured by this test method and potential human exposure to airborne asbestos. Accordingly, the users should consider other available information in their interpretation of the data obtained from this test method.5.2 This definition of dust accepts all particles small enough to pass through a 1-mm (No. 18) screen. Thus, a single, large asbestos containing particle(s) (from the large end of the particle size distribution) dispersed during sample preparation may result in anomalously large asbestos surface loading results in the TEM analyses of that sample. It is, therefore, recommended that multiple independent samples are secured from the same area, and that a minimum of three samples be analyzed by the entire procedure.1.1 This test method covers a procedure to (a) identify asbestos in dust and (b) provide an estimate of the surface loading of asbestos in the sampled dust reported as the number of asbestos structures per unit area of sampled surface.1.1.1 If an estimate of the asbestos mass is to be determined, the user is referred to Test Method D5756.1.2 This test method describes the equipment and procedures necessary for sampling, by a microvacuum technique, non-airborne dust for levels of asbestos structures. The non-airborne sample is collected inside a standard filter membrane cassette from the sampling of a surface area for dust which may contain asbestos.1.2.1 This procedure uses a microvacuuming sampling technique. The collection efficiency of this technique is unknown and will vary among substrates. Properties influencing collection efficiency include surface texture, adhesiveness, electrostatic properties and other factors.1.3 Asbestos identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is based on morphology, selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). Some information about structure size is also determined.1.4 This test method is generally applicable for an estimate of the surface loading of asbestos structures starting from approximately 1000 asbestos structures per square centimetre.1.4.1 The procedure outlined in this test method employs an indirect sample preparation technique. It is intended to disperse aggregated asbestos into fundamental fibrils, fiber bundles, clusters, or matrices that can be more accurately quantified by transmission electron microscopy. However, as with all indirect sample preparation techniques, the asbestos observed for quantification may not represent the physical form of the asbestos as sampled. More specifically, the procedure described neither creates nor destroys asbestos, but it may alter the physical form of the mineral fibers.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 Ingression protection classifications are widely used by manufacturers for specifying the level of protection offered by enclosures.5.2 An example of such a classification scheme is IEC 60529. Membrane switch manufacturers are often asked to meet these standards, however the test methods specified within these standards do not address considerations specific to membrane switches.5.3 The MSIP classification system considers the membrane switch separately from the testing and IP codes used for classifying the enclosure when subject to similar test conditions.5.4 Ingression testing can be useful to identify design deficiencies.1.1 This guide establishes a classification system and references test methods for verifying the degrees of:1.1.1 The ingress of dust into the internal layers of a membrane switch.1.1.2 Ingress of water into the internal layers of a membrane switch.1.1.3 Where external test methods are referenced, this guide specifies the special conditions that shall be considered in applying these tests to membrane switches and how the results are interpreted.1.2 This guide references test methods that can be used to establish the ingress classification of a membrane switch.1.3 This guide utilizes the test methods and reporting structure of IEC 60529 – (Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures) modified for membrane switches.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice is intended for the collection of settled dust samples in and around buildings and related structures for the subsequent determination of lead content in a manner consistent with that described in the HUD Guidelines and 40 CFR 745.63. The practice is meant for use in the collection of settled dust samples that are of interest in clearance, hazard assessment, risk assessment, and other purposes.5.2 Use of different pressures applied to the sampled surface along with the use of different wiping patterns contribute to collection variability. Thus, the sampling result can vary between operators performing collection from identical surfaces as a result of collection variables. Collection for any group of sampling locations at a given sampling site is best when limited to a single operator.5.3 This practice is recommended for the collection of settled dust samples from hard, relatively smooth, nonporous surfaces. This practice is less effective for collecting settled dust samples from surfaces with substantial texture such as rough concrete, brickwork, textured ceilings, and soft fibrous surfaces such as upholstery and carpeting.1.1 This practice covers the collection of settled lead-containing dust on surfaces using the wipe sampling method. These samples are collected in a manner that will permit subsequent extraction (see Practices E1644 and E1979) and determination of lead using laboratory analysis techniques such as atomic spectrometry (see Test Methods E3193/E3193M and E3203) or electroanalysis (see Practice E2051). For collection of settled dust samples for determination of lead and other metals, use Practice D6966.1.2 This practice does not address the sampling design criteria (that is, sampling plan which includes the number and location of samples) that are used for clearance (see Practices E2271/E2271M and E3074/E3074M), lead hazard evaluation, or risk assessment (see Guide E2115), and other purposes. To provide for valid conclusions, sufficient numbers of samples should be obtained as directed by a sampling plan.1.3 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this practice.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers three types of zinc dust, for use as a pigment in paints. The pigments shall consist substantially of metallic zinc and shall conform to the requirements for composition prescribed. The total and metallic zinc shall be shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. Lead, cadmium, and iron shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. Oily or fatty matter, or both shall, and the coarse particle shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.1.1 This specification covers three types of zinc dust, for use as a pigment in paints.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice may be used to collect dust from carpeted or bare floor surfaces for gravimetric or chemical analysis. The collected sample is substantially unmodified by the sampling procedure.5.2 This practice provides for a reproducible dust removal rate from level loop and plush carpets, as well as bare floors. It has the ability to achieve relatively constant removal efficiency at different loadings of floor dust.5.3 This practice also provides for the efficient capture of semivolatile organic chemicals associated with the dust. The test system can be fitted with special canisters downstream of the cyclone for the capture of specific semivolatile organic chemicals that may volatilize from the dust particles during collection.5.4 This practice does not describe procedures for evaluation of the safety of floor surfaces or the potential human exposure to floor dust. It is the user's responsibility to evaluate the data collected by this practice and make such determinations in the light of other available information.5.5 This practice provides per-event dust chemical concentration and chemical loading. Advantages and trade-offs of different sampling approaches have been discussed (7).5.6 This practice uses a removable, cleanable dropout jar that facilitates per-event sampling. Other per-event vacuum attachments are commercially available. These are not directly comparable with composite sampling done using whole vacuum cleaner bags.1.1 This practice covers a procedure for the collection of a sample of dust from carpets and bare floors that can be analyzed for inorganic metals such as lead and organic compounds such as pesticides and other semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs).1.2 This practice is applicable to a variety of carpeted and bare floor surfaces. It has been tested for level loop and plush pile carpets and bare wood floors, specifically. This practice is not applicable to elevated, non-floor surfaces.1.3 This practice is not intended for the collection and evaluation of dust for the presence of asbestos fibers.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This practice describes use of a sampling device, the High-Volume Small Surface Sampler (HVS3). Other event-based sampling devices that use commercially available vacuum attachments are not in scope. Composite sampling using whole vacuum cleaner bags is not in scope. Other approaches for floor or non-floor surface sampling (Practices D6966, D6661, D7144) are not within the scope.1.6 This practice only applies to the HVS3. Other dust sampling methods may or may not be directly comparable. Method evaluation for other dust sampling approaches is encouraged. This could be done by comparison with methods outlined in this standard practice for HVS3 or through independent evaluation using field spikes and certified reference materials.1.7 This practice provides information on dust loading, chemical dust concentration, and chemical dust loading. Information on the type of floor, the floor surface area sampled, and amount of dust collected is required (see Fig. 2). Cleaning the vacuum attachments in between sampling events is also required (see Section 13).1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The test is designed to quantify the amount of dust control material added to calcined coke. The dust control material is applied to calcined coke to help maintain a dust-free environment. It generally serves no other useful purpose. It adds mass to the coke and can have a negative effect on the quality of carbon and graphite artifacts made from the treated coke. For these reasons the coke customer wants to know the amount of dust control material on the coke and can specify a maximum level.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of material applied to calcined coke to control dust associated with coke handling and transportation.1.2 This test method is limited to those materials that are soluble in a solvent that can be used in a Soxhlet extraction type of apparatus such as methylene chloride (dichloro-methane).NOTE 1: Methylene chloride is the most popular solvent for removing dust control oil at the time this procedure is being written. Toluene and methyl chloroform, however, have been used with equal results on all cokes tested which have included only those sprayed with aromatic or waxy materials.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice is intended for the collection of settled dust samples for the subsequent measurement of beryllium and compounds. The practice is meant for use in the collection of settled dust samples that are of interest in clearance, hazard evaluation, risk assessment, and other purposes.5.2 This practice is intended solely for the collection of settled dust samples from hard, relatively smooth nonporous surfaces that may be compromised by water or other wetting agents and that are therefore not suitable for wet wipe sampling using Practice D6966 or micro-vacuum sampling using Practice D7144. Use of this practice for any purpose other than the intended purpose is discouraged due to the limited collection efficiency and high variability of dry wipe sampling as compared to wetted wipe or micro-vacuum sampling.35.3 This practice is less effective for collecting settled dust samples from surfaces with substantial texture such as rough concrete, brickwork, textured ceilings, and soft fibrous surfaces such as upholstery and carpeting. Micro-vacuum sampling using Practice D7144 may be more suitable for these surfaces.1.1 This practice covers the collection of settled dust containing beryllium and beryllium compounds on surfaces using the dry wipe sampling method, or both. These samples are collected in a manner that will permit subsequent extraction and determination of beryllium and compounds in the wipes using laboratory analysis techniques such as atomic spectrometry or fluorescence detection.1.2 This practice is limited in its scope to applications where wetted wipe sampling (using Practice D6966) or vacuum sampling (using Practice D7144) is not physically feasible (for example, if the surface to be wiped would be compromised by use of wetted wipes).1.3 This practice does not address the sampling design criteria (that is, sampling plan which includes the number and location of samples) that are used for clearance, hazard evaluation, risk assessment, and other purposes. To provide for valid conclusions, sufficient numbers of samples should be obtained as directed by a sampling plan. Additional guidance is provided in Guide D7659.1.4 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this practice.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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6.1 Method—It is possible that electrical insulation in service will fail as a result of tracking, erosion, or a combination of both, if exposed to high relative humidity and contamination environments. This is particularly true of organic insulations in outdoor applications where the surface of the insulation becomes contaminated by deposits of moisture and dirt, for example, coal dust or salt spray. This test method is an accelerated test that simulates extremely severe outdoor contamination. It is believed that the most severe conditions likely to be encountered in outdoor service in the United States will be relatively mild compared to the conditions specified in this test method.6.2 Test Results—Materials can be classified by this test method as tracking-resistant, tracking-affected, or tracking-susceptible. The exact test values for these categories as they apply to specific uses will be specified in the appropriate material specifications, but guideline figures are suggested in Note 4. Tracking-resistant materials, unless erosion failure occurs first, have the potential to last many hundreds of hours (Note 5). Erosion, though it is possible that it will progress laterally, generally results in a failure perpendicular to the specimen surface. Therefore, compare only specimens of the same nominal thickness for resistance to tracking-induced erosion. Estimate the extent of erosion from measurements of the depth of penetration of the erosion. Place materials that are not tracking-susceptible in three broad categories—erosion-resistant, erosion-affected, and erosion-susceptible. When the standard thickness specimen is tested, the following times to failure typify the categories (Note 6):Erosion-susceptible 5 h to 50 hErosion-affected 50 h to 200 hErosion-resistant over 200 hNOTE 4: Tracking-susceptible materials usually fail within 5 h. Tracking-affected materials usually fail before about 100 h.NOTE 5: This information is derived from the individual experiences of eight laboratories using this test method since its publication as a suggested test method in June 1957, and from the results of an organized test program among these laboratories.NOTE 6: In a normal distribution approximately 68 % of all test values are included within ±1 standard deviation of the mean.6.3 Interpretation of Test Results—This test method provides information that allows classification as described in 6.2. The comparison of materials within the same group is likely to be ambiguous unless three or more replicate specimens are tested. When the test method is used for specification purposes, do not establish simple minimum values without consideration of the large variance to be expected in test results. It is recommended that quality levels and specification minima be determined by statistical techniques.1.1 This test method is intended to differentiate solid electrical insulating materials with respect to their resistance to the action of electric arcs produced by conduction through surface films of a specified contaminant containing moisture. Test Methods D2302, D2303, D3638, and D5288 are also useful to evaluate materials.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no equivalent ISO standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This microvacuum sampling and indirect analysis method is used for the general testing of non-airborne dust samples for asbestos. It is used to assist in the evaluation of dust that may be found on surfaces in buildings, such as ceiling tiles, shelving, electrical components, duct work, carpet, etc. This test method provides an estimate of the mass surface loading of asbestos in the dust reported as either the mass of asbestos per unit area or as the mass of asbestos per mass of sampled dust as derived from a quantitative TEM analysis.This test method does not describe procedures or techniques required to evaluate the safety or habitability of buildings with asbestos-containing materials, or compliance with federal, state, or local regulations or statutes. It is the user's responsibility to make these determinations.At present, no relationship has been established between asbestos-containing dust as measured by this test method and potential human exposure to airborne asbestos. Accordingly, the users should consider other available information in their interpretation of the data obtained from this test method.This definition of dust accepts all particles small enough to pass through a 1 mm screen. Thus, a single, large asbestos-containing particle(s) (from the large end of the particle size distribution) disassembled during sample preparation may result in anomalously large asbestos surface loading results in the TEM analyses of that sample. Conversely, failure to disaggregate large particles may result in anomalously low asbestos mass surface loadings. It is, therefore, recommended that multiple independent samples be secured from the same area, and that a minimum of three samples be analyzed by the entire procedure.1.1 This test method covers a procedure to (a) identify asbestos in dust and (b) provide an estimate of the surface loading of asbestos in the sampled dust, reported as either the mass of asbestos per unit area of sampled surface or as the mass of asbestos per mass of sampled dust.1.1.1 If an estimate of asbestos structure counts is to be determined, the user is referred to Test Method D 5755.1.2 This test method describes the equipment and procedures necessary for sampling, by a microvacuum technique, non-airborne dust for levels of asbestos. The non-airborne sample is collected inside a standard filter membrane cassette from the sampling of a surface area for dust which may contain asbestos.1.2.1 This procedure uses a microvacuuming sampling technique. The collection efficiency of this technique is unknown. Variability of collection efficiency for any particular substrate and across different types of substrates is also unknown. The effects of sampling efficiency differences and variability on the interpretation of dust sampling measurements have not been determined.1.3 Asbestos identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is based on morphology, selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). Some information about structure size is also determined.1.4 This test method is generally applicable for an estimate of the surface loading of asbestos starting from approximately 0.24 pg of asbestos per square centimetre (assuming a minimum fiber dimension of 0.5 μm by 0.025 μm, see 17.8), but will vary with the analytical parameters noted in 17.8.1.4.1 The procedure outlined in this test method employs an indirect sample preparation technique. It is intended to disaggregate and disperse asbestos into fibrils and fiber bundles that can be more accurately identified, counted, and sized by transmission electron microscopy. However, as with all indirect sample preparation techniques, the asbestos observed for quantitation may not represent the physical form of the asbestos as sampled. More specifically, the procedure described neither creates not destroys asbestos, but it may alter the physical form of the mineral fibers.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 This test method provides a procedure for performing laboratory tests to evaluate deflagration parameters of dusts.5.2 The data developed by this test method may be used for the purpose of sizing deflagration vents in conjunction with the nomographs and equations published in NFPA 68, ISO 6184/1, or VDI 3673.5.3 The values obtained by this testing technique are specific to the sample tested and the method used and are not to be considered intrinsic material constants.5.4 For dusts with low KSt values, discrepancies have been observed between tests in 20-L and 1-m3 chambers. A strong ignitor may overdrive a 20-L chamber, as discussed in Test Method E1515 and Refs (1-4).8 Conversely, more recent testing has shown that some metal dusts can be prone to underdriving in the 20-L chamber, exhibiting significantly lower KSt values than in a 1-m3 chamber (5). Ref (6) provides supporting calculations showing that a test vessel of at least 1-m3 of volume is necessary to obtain the maximum explosibility index for a burning dust cloud having an abnormally high flame temperature. In these two overdriving and underdriving scenarios described above, it is therefore recommended to perform tests in 1-m3 or larger calibrated test vessels in order to measure dusts explosibility parameters accurately.NOTE 5: Ref (2) concluded that dusts with KSt values below 45 bar m/s when measured in a 20-L chamber with a 10 000-J ignitor, may not be explosible when tested in a 1-m3 chamber with a 10 000-J ignitor. Ref (2) and unpublished testing has also shown that in some cases the KSt values measured in the 20-L chamber can be lower than those measured in the 1-m3 chamber. Refs (1) and (3) found that for some dusts, it was necessary to use lower ignition energy in the 20-L chamber in order to match MEC or MIC test data in a 1-m3 chamber. If a dust has measurable (nonzero) Pmax and KSt values with a 5000 or 10 000-J ignitor when tested in a 20-L chamber but no measurable Pmax and KSt values with tests conducted using an ignition source less than or equal to 2500 J, it may be helpful to test the material in a larger chamber such as a 1-m3 chamber using at least a 10 000-J ignition source to further characterize the material’s explosibility in dust cloud form.1.1 Purpose. The purpose of this test method is to provide standard test methods for characterizing the “explosibility” of dust clouds in two ways, first by determining if a dust is “explosible,” meaning a cloud of dust dispersed in air is capable of propagating a deflagration, which could cause a flash fire or explosion; or, if explosible, determining the degree of “explosibility,” meaning the potential explosion hazard of a dust cloud as characterized by the dust explosibility parameters, maximum explosion pressure, Pmax; maximum rate of pressure rise, (dP/dt)max; and explosibility index, KSt.1.2 Limitations. Results obtained by the application of the methods of this standard pertain only to certain combustion characteristics of dispersed dust clouds. No inference should be drawn from such results relating to the combustion characteristics of dusts in other forms or conditions (for example, ignition temperature or spark ignition energy of dust clouds, ignition properties of dust layers on hot surfaces, ignition of bulk dust in heated environments, etc.)1.3 Use. It is intended that results obtained by application of this test be used as elements of a dust hazard analysis (DHA) that takes into account other pertinent risk factors; and in the specification of explosion prevention systems (see, for example NFPA 68, NFPA 69, and NFPA 652) when used in conjunction with approved or recognized design methods by those skilled in the art.NOTE 1: Historically, the evaluation of the deflagration parameters of maximum pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise has been performed using a 1.2-L Hartmann Apparatus. Test Method E789, which describes this method, has been withdrawn. The use of data obtained from the test method in the design of explosion protection systems is not recommended.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers requirements for premoistened wipe materials that are used to collect settled dusts on surfaces for the subsequent determination of beryllium.1.2 For wipe materials used for the determination of lead in surface dust, refer to Specification E1792. This is mentioned to insure that users of wipes recognize that there is some relationship between wipes and the analyte of interest.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This specification contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of the specification.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Human exposure to toxic metals and metalloids present in surface dust can result from dermal contact with or ingestion of contaminated dust. Also, inhalation exposure can result from disturbing dust particles from contaminated surfaces. Thus, standardized methods for the collection and analysis of metals and metalloids in surface dust samples are needed in order to evaluate the potential for human exposure to toxic elements.5.2 This practice involves the use of sampling equipment to collect surface dust samples that may contain toxic metals and metalloids, and is intended for use by qualified technical professionals.5.3 This practice allows for the subsequent determination of collected elemental concentrations on an area (loading) or mass concentration basis, or both.5.4 Because particle losses can occur due to collection of dust onto the inner surfaces of the nozzle, the length of the collection nozzle is specified in order that such losses are comparable from one sample to another.5.5 This practice is suitable for the collection of surface dust samples from, for example: (a) soft, porous surfaces such as carpet or upholstery; (b) hard, rough surfaces such as concrete or roughened wood; (c) confined areas that cannot be easily sampled by other means (such as wipe sampling as described in Practice D6966). A companion sampling technique that may be used for collection of surface dust from hard, smooth surfaces is wipe sampling (Practice D6966). A companion vacuum sampling technique that may be used for sampling carpets is described in Practice D5438.5.6 Procedures presented in this practice are intended to provide a standardized method for dust collection from surfaces that cannot be reliably sampled using wipe collection methods (for example, Practice D6966). Additionally, the procedure described uses equipment that is readily available and in common use for other environmental and occupational hygiene sampling applications.5.7 The entire contents of the filter holder, that is, the filter plus collected dust, is targeted for subsequent analysis for metals and metalloids content. An internal capsule is used if gravimetric analysis is necessary.1.1 This practice covers the micro-vacuum collection of surface dust for subsequent determination of metals and metalloids. The primary intended application is for sampling from soft, rough, or porous surfaces.1.2 Micro-vacuum sampling is carried out using a collection nozzle attached to a filter holder (sampling cassette) that is connected to an air sampling pump.1.3 This practice allows for the subsequent determination of metals and metalloids on a loading basis (mass of element(s) per unit area sampled), or on a concentration basis (mass of element(s) per unit mass of sample collected), or both.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 Limitations—Due to a number of physical factors inherent in the micro-vacuum sampling method, analytical results for vacuum dust samples are not likely to reflect the total dust contained within the sampling area prior to sample collection. Indeed, dust collection will generally be biased towards smaller, less dense dust particles. Nevertheless, the use of this standard practice will generate data that are consistent and comparable between operators performing micro-vacuum collection at a variety of sampling locations and sites.21.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method covers the determination of respirable dust concentration in workplace atmospheres.5.2 Variations of the test method are in world-wide use for determining compliance relative to occupational exposure levels.5.3 The test method may be used to verify dust control measures.5.4 The test method may also be applied in research into health effects of dust in an occupational setting.1.1 This test method provides details for the determination of respirable dust concentration defined in terms of international convention in a range from 0.5 mg/m3 to 10 mg/m3 in workplace atmospheres, depending on sampling time. Specifics are given for sampling and analysis using any one of a number of commercially available cyclone samplers.1.2 The limitations on the test method are a minimum weight of 0.1 mg of dust on the filter, and a maximum loading dependent on sampler type and time of sampling. The test method may be used at higher loadings if the flow rate can be maintained constant.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This test method contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of the method.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Beryllium is an important analyte in industrial hygiene because of the risk of exposed workers developing Chronic Beryllium Disease (CBD). CBD is a granulomatous lung disease that is caused by the body’s immune system response to inhaled dust or fumes containing beryllium, a human carcinogen (2). Surface wipe samples and air filter samples are collected to monitor the workplace. This practice addresses the problem of spurious results caused by the presence of interfering elements in the solution analyzed. The practice has been evaluated for all elements having emission spectra near the 313.042 and 313.107 nm beryllium lines, as well as elements of general concern including aluminum, calcium, iron and lead. Below is a table listing each possible spectrally interfering element:Cerium Chromium Hafnium MolybdenumNiobium Thorium Titanium ThuliumUranium Vanadium Uranium   Measurement of beryllium on the order of 1 ppb (0.003 µg Be/100 cm2 wipe sample) has been successfully accomplished in the presence of spectrally interfering elements on the order of hundreds of ppm. This method has been validated on matrices containing 10 mg of each of the above elements. In some cases including interferents such as chromium and calcium, the single 2 mL beryllium extraction chromatography resin can handle >100 mg of total dissolved solids and still deliver >90 % beryllium yield. Should the matrix contain greater amounts of contaminants, additional resin may be used or, more likely, a combination of different resins may be used. (3,4).1.1 This practice covers the separation of beryllium from other metals and metalloids in acid solutions, by extraction chromatography, for subsequent determination of beryllium by atomic spectroscopy techniques such as inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).1.2 This practice is applicable to samples of settled dust that have been collected in accordance with Practices D6966 or D7296.1.3 This practice is compatible with a wide variety of acid digestion techniques used in digesting settled dust samples, such as those described in Test Method D7035.1.4 This practice is appropriate for the preparation of settled dust samples where an unacceptable bias is suspected or known because of spectral interferences caused by other metals or metalloids present in the sample. This practice may also be appropriate for the analysis of other types of samples.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 This practice provides the basic criteria to be used by accreditation bodies and others in evaluating the qualifications of laboratories engaged in the testing of lead in paint, or settled dust, or airborne particulates, or soil, or combination thereof, taken from and around buildings and related structures. The criteria in this practice shall be supplemented by additional specific criteria and requirements, when appropriate; for example, when necessary to be in accordance with federal, state, or local government regulations.4.2 The accreditation is for organizations and not individuals.4.3 The practice is intended to provide objective information on the capabilities needed by laboratories to determine lead in paint, dust, airborne particulates, and soil taken from and around buildings and related structures. It is not intended to be used to compare one laboratory with another.4.4 This practice is also intended for use by laboratories in the development and implementation of their management systems and for use to request or perform an evaluation of in-house facilities in accordance with this practice.1.1 This practice covers the qualifications, including minimum requirements for personnel and equipment, duties, responsibilities, and services of laboratories engaged in the determination of lead in paint, or settled dust, or airborne particulates, or soil, or any combination thereof, taken from and around buildings and related structures.1.2 This practice has been developed consistent with Guides E548 and E994, to supplement ISO/IEC 17025.1.3 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of the practice.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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