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5.1 The ash content determines the weight of the noncombustible part of a particulate wood fuel that oxidizes during a combustion process but releases no energy.1.1 This test method covers the determination of ash expressed as the percent of residue remaining after dry oxidation of particulate wood fuels. Particulate wood fuels are defined in Terminology E1126.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 A key objective of all pavement management systems (PMS) is to provide a factual basis for improving the quality of decision making regarding the budgeting, design, programming, construction, maintenance, and operation of a pavement network. Quality decision making requires a current inventory of the pavement system, evaluation of the present condition and use of the pavement system, estimation of future condition, and the implications of any changes in condition.3.2 This guide may be used to identify data needs for pavement management by considering the use, generic type, and relative importance of the pavement. It can also assist in identifying methods for obtaining the data.3.3 Any data element selected for collection should have a specific use and be of value in providing information from the PMS for the decision-making process.3.4 The specific type of data needed to make informed pavement management decisions will vary with such factors as the size, complexity, and condition of the pavement network, the levels of service to be provided, the agency budget, and budgeting process. Further, since pavement management is a dynamic process responsive to changes in technology, the data needs for a particular agency may be expected to change over time. Accordingly, judgment invariably will be required in applying this guide to develop a hierarchy of data needs.1.1 This guide identifies data needs for pavement management systems. It also addresses the relative importance of various types of pavement data.1.2 This guide was developed for use by federal, state, and local agencies, as well as consultants who provide services to those agencies.1.3 This guide describes a process and provides a set of recommendations that any agency may use to develop a plan for acquiring pavement management data. Any individual agency may justifiably assign higher or lower priority to specified data items depending on their needs and policy.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This terminology provides definitions for pavement distress for airfields, highways, roads, streets, and parking lots of all functional classifications.1.2 This terminology covers surfaces paved with either bituminous or portland cement concrete. It does not include other paved or unpaved surfaces.1.3 This terminology includes most of the significant types of pavement surface distresses, but it is not all inclusive.1.4 Not all distresses noted are applicable to all pavement categories listed in 1.1.1.5 Severity levels are not addressed in this terminology but are addressed in other ASTM test methods and practices (for example, Test Method D5340). However, a knowledge of severity levels is required for evaluating many of the distresses defined in this terminology.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide provides potential and current pavement management users with an outline of the process and steps to follow when implementing and operating pavement management systems.4.2 This guide may be used by the following:4.2.1 Individuals within agencies interested in finding information about pavement management to determine if they want to pursue implementation;4.2.2 Pavement engineers, maintenance supervisors, or other persons trying to get agency management personnel to commit to implementing a pavement management system within their agency;4.2.3 Personnel in an agency in which the decision to implement a pavement management system has been made but where the pavement management processes, pavement management decision support software, or data collection procedures, or both, have not been selected;4.2.4 Personnel in an agency that is developing a database and beginning use of a newly adopted pavement management system; and4.2.5 Personnel in an agency that have a pavement management system in place and are trying to make the pavement management process a routine part of the agency decision making.1.1 This guide covers basic procedures to follow in implementing an effective pavement management process. Pavement management includes activities and decisions related to providing and maintaining pavements, many of which must be made with supporting information that should be generated from a pavement management system (PMS). Implementation is considered complete when pavement management is a routine part of the management process, and the agency utilizes the pavement management process to make relevant decisions, including funding decisions.1.2 The guide is intended for use by agencies that manage pavements, including those on airfields, highways, parking lots, roads, and streets.1.3 Pavement management, as discussed in this guide, is exercised at network and project-level as described in Guide E1166, and the AASHTO Guidelines for Pavement Management Systems.1.4 No reference is made to the time needed to complete the implementation. The amount of time will depend on the size of the pavement network and the resources available to support implementation.1.5 This guide is not a standard method or practice, that is, it is not intended to provide exact steps that must be followed by every agency implementing a pavement management process. It is expected that each agency will use the material in this guide to develop an implementation plan to meet the needs and constraints unique to the agency.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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定价： 590元 加购物车