定价： 646元 加购物车

3.1 The solubility of glass in contact with food, beverages, or pharmaceutical products is an important consideration for the safe packaging and storage of such materials. Autoclave conditions are specified since sterilization is often employed for the packaging of the product. It also represents one of the most extreme conditions, particularly of temperature, that containers will ordinarily experience. Any of the three test methods described may be used to establish specifications for conformity to standard values, either as specified by a customer, an agency, or “The United States Pharmacopeia:”3.1.1 Test Method B-A  is intended particularly for testing glass containers primarily destined for containment of products with a pH under 5.3.1.2 Test Method B-W  is intended particularly for testing glass containers to be used for products with a pH of 5.0 or over.3.1.3 Test Method P-W  is a hydrolytic autoclave test primarily intended for evaluating samples from untreated glass containers. It is often useful for testing the resistance of containers of too small capacity to permit measurements of solubility on the unbroken article by the B-W test method. Yielding the water resistance of the bulk glass, it can also be used in conjunction with the B-W test method to distinguish whether the internal surface of a container has been treated to improve its durability.3.2 All three test methods are suitable for specification acceptance.1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of the resistance of glass containers to chemical attack. Three test methods are presented, as follows:1.1.1 Test Method B-A  covers autoclave tests at 121 °C on bottles partially filled with dilute acid as the attacking medium.1.1.2 Test Method B-W  covers autoclave tests at 121 °C on bottles partially filled with distilled water as the attacking medium.1.1.3 Test Method P-W  covers autoclave tests at 121 °C on powdered samples with pure water as the attacking medium.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

2.1 This test method provides an indication of service life under detergent exposure.1.1 This test method2 covers the determination and evaluation of the resistance of overglaze decorations on ceramic whitewares to attack by normal household soaps and liquid detergents under normal household conditions.1.2 This test method applies primarily to overglaze decorations applied to dinnerware for domestic use wherein household soaps and detergents are used for cleaning the soiled ware by either hand or machine operations.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 571元 加购物车

定价： 571元 加购物车

2.1 This test method provides a guide for evaluating the resistance of refractories in glass-melting furnace superstructures to vapor attack. This test method may also be useful for evaluating refractories in other applications where vapor attack occurs.2.2 An electric-heated furnace is recommended. Water vapor and other atmospheric components in a gas- or fuel-fired furnace may participate in the chemical and physical reactions being studied. Results may differ, therefore, depending upon the nature and type of firing employed.2.3 The degree of correlation between this test method and service performance is not fully determinable. This is intended to be an accelerated test method that generates a substantial degree of reaction in a relatively short amount of time. This acceleration may be accomplished by changing the composition and/or concentration of the reactants, increasing temperatures, or by performing the test in an isothermal environment.2.4 Since the test method may not accurately simulate the service environment, observed results of this test method may not be representative of those found in service. It is imperative that the user understand and consider how the results of this test method may differ from those encountered in service. This is particularly likely if the reaction products, their nature, or their degree differ from those normally found in the actual service environment.2.5 It is incumbent upon the user to understand that this is an aggressive, accelerated test method and to be careful in interpreting the results. If, for example, the reaction species have never been found in a real-world furnace, then this test method should not necessarily be considered valid to evaluate the refractory in question.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for comparing the behavior of refractories in contact with vapors under conditions intended to simulate the environment within a glass-melting or other type of furnace when refractories are exposed to vapors from raw batch, molten glass, fuel, fuel contaminants, or other sources. This procedure is intended to accelerate service conditions for the purpose of determining in a relatively short time the interval resistance to fluxing, bloating, shrinkage, expansion, mineral conversion, disintegration, or other physical changes that may occur.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 515元 加购物车

5.1 Rigid foam such as RCPS is used in the building construction industry. Because it is sensitive to certain components contained in adhesives which cause it to dissolve, it is important to have a test method to determine whether an adhesive is compatible with RCPS foam. This test method would help the end user decide which adhesive to use with RCPS foam by quantitatively measuring the amount of cavitation formed by the components contained in the adhesive.1.1 This test method covers a practical means of measuring the degree of rigid cellular polystyrene (RCPS) foam cavitation damage when an adhesive is used to bond this substrate.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 712元 加购物车

4.1 Spoilage of paint in the container can result in putrefaction, lowered pH, gas formation, and decrease in viscosity. This test method provides a standard procedure for the evaluation of the resistance of emulsion paints to microbial deterioration. The results should enable: (1) the paint manufacturer to select an effective preservative and (2) the supplier of preservatives to evaluate the performance in emulsion paints of competitive and developmental preservatives.4.2 This test method should be used preferably by persons who have had basic microbiological training.NOTE 1: The reliability of the results obtained from this test method is extremely dependent on the techniques employed. Improper techniques can result in a sterile sample appearing to be contaminated, and even worse, a contaminated sample appearing to be sterile (see also Note 2). It is recommended that you consult with your biocide supplier, raw material supplier, or an independent testing laboratory to confirm questionable results. Formulation and raw materials’ quality may also vary and thereby affect the test results.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative resistance of emulsion paints to attack in the container by microorganisms.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

6.1 Use of the etch test allows rapid acceptance of specific lots of material without the need to perform time-consuming and costly hot acid immersion tests on those lots.AbstractThis specification covers the standard practices for detecting susceptibility to intergranular attack in austenitic stainless steels. These practices include five intergranular corrosion tests, namely: (1) oxalic acid etch test for classification of etch structures of austenitic stainless steels; (2) ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid test, (3) nitric acid test and (4) copper-copper sulfate-sulfuric acid test for detecting susceptibility to intergranular attack in austenitic stainless steels; and (5) copper-copper sulfate-50% sulfuric acid test for detecting susceptibility to intergranular attack in molybdenum-bearing cast austenitic stainless steels. Methods for preparing the test specimens, rapid screening tests, apparatus setup and testing procedures, and calculations and report contents are described for each testing practice. The etch structure types used to classify the specimens are: step structure, dual structure, ditch structure, isolated ferrite, interdendritic ditches, end-grain pitting I, and end-grain pitting II.1.1 These practices cover the following five tests:1.1.1 Practice A—Oxalic Acid Etch Test for Classification of Etch Structures of Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 4 to 13, inclusive),1.1.2 Practice B—Ferric Sulfate-Sulfuric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 14 to 25, inclusive),1.1.3 Practice C—Nitric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 26 to 36, inclusive),1.1.4 Practice E—Copper–Copper Sulfate–Sulfuric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 37 to 46, inclusive), and1.1.5 Practice F—Copper–Copper Sulfate–50 % Sulfuric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Molybdenum-Bearing Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 47 to 58, inclusive).1.2 The Oxalic Acid Etch Test is a rapid method of identifying, by simple etching, those specimens of certain stainless steel grades that are essentially free of susceptibility to intergranular attack associated with chromium carbide precipitates. These specimens will have low corrosion rates in certain corrosion tests and therefore can be eliminated (screened) from testing as “acceptable.” The etch test is applicable only to those grades listed in the individual hot acid tests and classifies the specimens either as “acceptable” or as “suspect.”1.3 The ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid test, the copper–copper sulfate–50 % sulfuric acid test, and the nitric acid test are based on weight loss determinations and, thus, provide a quantitative measure of the relative performance of specimens evaluated. In contrast, the copper–copper sulfate–16 % sulfuric acid test is based on visual examination of bend specimens and, therefore, classifies the specimens only as acceptable or nonacceptable.1.4 The presence or absence of intergranular attack in these tests is not necessarily a measure of the performance of the material in other corrosive environments. These tests do not provide a basis for predicting resistance to forms of corrosion other than intergranular, such as general corrosion, pitting, or stress-corrosion cracking.NOTE 1: See Appendix X1 for information regarding test selection.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound equivalents are in parentheses and may be approximate.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in 10.1, 20.1.1, 20.1.9, 31.3, 34.4, 53.1.1, and 53.1.10.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 加购物车

This practices covers the detecting susceptibility to intergranular attack in ferritic stainless steel. Different method of preparing steel test specimens are presented. Four practices, including Practice W, X, Y, and Z, are used for determining susceptibility to intergranular attack in ferritic stainless steel. These practices cover the following tests; oxalic acid etch test, ferritic sulphate-sulfuric acid test, copper-copper sulphate-50% sulfuric acid test, and copper-copper sulphate-16% sulfuric acid test. Test specimens shall be examined for the ferritic sulphate-sulfuric acid test and copper-copper sulphate-50% sulphuric acid test under a binocular microscope at 40x magnification. The bend test evaluations for the steel test specimens are presented. 1.1 These practices cover the following four tests: 1.1.1 Practice W—Oxalic acid etch test for detecting susceptibility to intergranular attack in stabilized ferritic stainless steels by classification of the etching structures (see Sections 3 – 10). 1.1.2 Practice X—Ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid test for detecting susceptibility to intergranular attack in ferritic stainless steels (Sections 11 – 16). 1.1.3 Practice Y—Copper-copper sulfate-50 % sulfuric acid test for detecting susceptibility to intergranular attack in ferritic stainless steels (Sections 17 – 22). 1.1.4 Practice Z—Copper-copper sulfate-16 % sulfuric acid test for detecting susceptibility to intergranular attack in ferritic stainless steels (Sections 23 – 29). 1.2 The following factors govern the application of these practices (1-6):2 1.2.1 Practice W, oxalic acid test, is a rapid method of identifying, by simple electrolytic etching, those specimens of certain ferritic alloys that are not susceptible to intergranular corrosion associated with chromium carbide precipitation. Practice W is used as a screening test to avoid the necessity, for acceptable specimens, of more extensive testing required by Practices X, Y, and Z. See Table 1 for a listing of alloys for which Practice W is appropriate. 1.2.2 Practices X, Y, and Z can be used to detect the susceptibility of certain ferritic alloys to intergranular attack associated with the precipitation of chromium carbides or nitrides. 1.2.3 Practices W, X, Y, and Z can also be used to evaluate the effect of heat treatment or of fusion welding on susceptibility to intergranular corrosion. 1.2.4 Table 2 lists the identification ferritic stainless steels for which data on the application of at least one of the standard practices is available. 1.2.5 Some stabilized ferritic stainless steels may show high rates when tested by Practice X because of metallurgical factors not associated with chromium carbide or nitride precipitation. This possibility must be considered in selecting the test method. Combinations of alloys and test methods for which successful experience is available are shown in Table 1. Application of these standard tests to the other ferritic stainless steels will be by specific agreement between producer and user. 1.3 Depending on the test and alloy, evaluations may be accomplished by weight loss determination, microscopical examination, or bend test (Sections 30 and 31). The choices are listed in Table 1. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety precautionary statements, see 3.2.5, Section 7, 13.1, and 19.1. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 712元 加购物车

定价： 571元 加购物车

定价： 515元 加购物车