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定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 843元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 515元 加购物车

5.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the ability of the grease duct enclosure system to do the following:5.1.1 Resist the effects of a standardized fire exposure,5.1.2 Retain its integrity, or5.1.3 Exhibit both properties dependent upon the type of test assembly involved during a predetermined test exposure.5.2 These test methods provide for the following measurements and evaluations where applicable:5.2.1 Capability of the enclosure material to resist flaming (combustion) when exposed to 1382°F (750°C).5.2.2 Loadbearing ability of the tested support system and fastening system to carry the load of the grease duct enclosure system during a standardized fire-engulfment test.5.2.3 Ability of a fire stop to meet the requirements of Test Method E814 when used with a grease duct enclosure system.5.2.4 Ability of the enclosure material to resist the passage of flames and hot gases during a standardized fire resistance test and a standardized internal fire test.5.2.5 Transmission of heat through the grease duct and the enclosure material(s) during a standardized fire resistance test and a standardized internal fire test.5.2.6 Ability of the grease duct enclosure system to resist the passage of water during a standardized hose stream test.5.2.7 Comparative measurement of temperature aging of the enclosure material(s) when subjected to standardized cyclic thermal transmissions.5.3 These test methods do not provide the following:5.3.1 Full information as to performance of the enclosure material or the grease duct enclosure system constructed with components, densities, or dimensions other than those tested.5.3.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the enclosure material or grease duct enclosure system contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion.5.3.3 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the grease duct enclosure system.5.3.4 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the grease duct enclosure system.NOTE 2: The information in 5.3.2 – 5.3.4 is usually determined by other suitable test methods. For example, 5.3.4 is typically determined using Test Method E84.5.4 In these test methods, the test specimens are subjected to one or more specific tests under laboratory conditions. When different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by, or from, these test methods to predict changes to the characteristics measured. Therefore, the results of these laboratory tests are valid only for the exposure conditions described in these test methods.5.5 Various test methods in these test methods require a test specimen to be exposed to a standard fire that is controlled to achieve specified temperatures throughout a specified time period. The fire-engulfment and vertical fire resistance tests are followed by the application of a standardized hose stream test. These test methods provide a relative measure of the fire-test-response of comparable enclosure materials and grease duct enclosure systems under these exposure conditions. The fire exposure is not representative of all fire conditions because conditions vary with changes in the amount, nature and distribution of fire loading, ventilation, compartment size and configuration, and heat sink characteristics of the compartment. Variation from the test conditions or test specimen construction, such as size, materials, method of assembly, also affects the fire-test-response. For these reasons, evaluation of the variation is required for application to construction in the field.NOTE 1: The majority of this standard is based on the Model Building Code Evaluation Service2 Acceptance Criteria titled ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR GREASE DUCT ENCLOSURE ASSEMBLIES, AC101, which was created in 1994. Numerous design listings and labeled materials exist based on the provisions of this standard.1.1 These test methods evaluate the enclosure materials and the grease duct enclosure systems using the following test methods: noncombustibility, fire resistance, durability, internal fire, and fire-engulfment with a through-penetration fire stop.1.2 These test methods prescribe a standardized fire exposure for comparing the test results of the enclosure materials and grease duct enclosure systems. The results of these tests are one factor in assessing predicted fire performance of grease duct enclosure systems. Using these test results to predict the performance of actual grease duct enclosure systems requires the evaluation of test conditions.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 The text of these test methods references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the fire test response standard.1.5 These test methods are used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.6 These test methods do not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of these test methods to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the ability of the HVAC duct system and its supporting construction to do the following:5.1.1 Resist the effects of a standardized fire exposure, and5.1.2 Retain its integrity.5.2 These test methods provide for the following measurements and evaluations where applicable:5.2.1 Ability of the tested support system to carry the load of the HVAC duct and its fire-resistive material(s) during the entire duration of the standardized fire-engulfment test.5.2.2 Ability of the firestops to meet the requirements of Test Method E814 when used as part of a HVAC duct system.5.2.3 Ability of the HVAC duct system to resist the passage of flames and hot gases onto its unexposed surface during a standardized fire-resistance test.5.2.4 Transmission of heat through the HVAC duct system during a standardized fire-resistance test.5.2.5 Ability of the firestop to resist the passage of water during a standardized hose stream test.5.3 These test methods do not provide the following:5.3.1 Full information as to performance of the fire-resistive material, supporting construction, or the HVAC duct system constructed with components, densities, or dimensions other than those tested.5.3.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the fire-resistive material or HVAC duct system contributes to the fire hazard by generation of toxic gases, or other products of combustion.5.3.3 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the HVAC duct system.5.4 The test specimens are subjected to one or more specific tests under laboratory conditions. When different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by, or from, these test methods to predict changes to the characteristics measured. Therefore, the results of these laboratory tests are valid only for the exposure conditions described in these test methods.5.5 These test methods require a test specimen to be exposed to a standard fire that is controlled to achieve specified temperatures throughout a specified time period. The engulfment test is followed by the application of a standardized hose stream test. These test methods provide a relative measure of the fire-test-response of comparable fire-resistive materials and HVAC duct systems under these exposure conditions. The fire exposure is not representative of all fire conditions because conditions vary with changes in the amount, nature and distribution of fire loading, ventilation, compartment size and configuration, and heat sink characteristics of the compartment. Variation from the test conditions or test specimen construction, such as size, materials, method of assembly, also affects the fire-test-response. For these reasons, evaluation of the variation is required for application to construction in the field.NOTE 4: When the size of the HVAC duct exceeds the capability of the test furnace to test it, the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) should be consulted to determine what test and evaluation of the variation is required for application to construction in the field.NOTE 1: Use of the standard designation ISO 6944 refers to both ISO 6944:1985 and ISO 6944-1:2008.1.1 These test methods evaluate the fire-resistive metallic HVAC duct system’s fire resistance and fire-engulfment with horizontal and vertical through-penetration firestops.NOTE 2: The intent of these test methods is to provide authorities having jurisdiction a means to evaluate the fire performance of HVAC duct systems to enable their application and use.1.2 These test methods evaluate the fire performance of HVAC ducts, including both supply (pressurized: Condition A – Horizontal and Condition B – Vertical) and return (exhaust: Condition C – Horizontal and Condition D – Vertical).1.3 These test methods evaluate the ability of a HVAC duct system to resist the spread of fire from one compartment to other compartments separated by a fire resistance rated construction when the HVAC duct system is exposed to fire under one or more of the following conditions:1.3.1 Condition A—Fire exposure from the outside of the horizontal HVAC duct system without openings,1.3.2 Condition B—Fire exposure from the outside of the vertical HVAC duct system without openings,1.3.3 Condition C—Fire exposure from the outside with hot gases entering the inside of the horizontal HVAC duct system with unprotected openings,NOTE 3: Unprotected openings are openings that are not protected by fire dampers.1.3.4 Condition D—Fire exposure from the outside with hot gases entering the inside of the vertical HVAC duct system with unprotected openings.1.4 These test methods provide a means for determining the fire-resistance of vertical and horizontal HVAC duct systems, when subjected to the standard time-temperature curve of Test Methods E119.1.4.1 Condition A—These test methods provide a means for evaluating a horizontal HVAC duct system, without openings exposed to fire, passing through a vertical fire-separating element.1.4.2 Condition B—These test methods provide a means for evaluating a vertical HVAC duct system, without openings exposed to fire and outfitted with a horizontal connection, passing through a horizontal fire-separating element.1.4.3 Condition C—These test methods provide a means for evaluating a horizontal HVAC duct system, with unprotected openings exposed to fire, passing through a vertical fire-separating element.1.4.4 Condition D—These test methods provide a means for evaluating a vertical HVAC duct system with a horizontal connection, and with unprotected openings exposed to fire, passing through a horizontal fire-separating element.1.5 These test methods prescribe a standardized fire exposure for comparing the test results of the fire resistive materials and HVAC duct systems. The results of these tests are one factor in assessing predicted fire performance of HVAC duct systems. Using these test results to predict the performance of actual HVAC duct systems requires the evaluation of test conditions.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are for information only, unless the SI units are used consistently to perform all of the test methods referenced herein. In this case, the SI units will be regarded as the standard and will be used in Section 13, Report.1.7 The text of these test methods references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material and (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the fire-test-response standard.1.8 This document specifically excludes evaluating ducts that carry combustibles, flammable vapors, combustible gases, and commercial kitchen ventilation systems commonly called grease ducts or hazardous exhaust ducts, which are tested in compliance with Test Methods E2336.1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 Standard nomenclature shall be used to facilitate communication between designers, suppliers, and users of HVAC ventilation ductwork components.3.2 Standard design parameters shall be used to define ventilation ductwork shapes.3.3 Standard variables for design parameters (see 2.2) are useful in writing CAD/CAM software for automatic fabrication of ventilation ductwork shapes.1.1 This practice covers the identification of design configurations and descriptive nomenclature for sheetmetal HVAC ductwork shapes frequently used in shipbuilding. This practice also covers parametric dimensions of these shapes. (See Table 1.)1.2 This practice does not cover the location of seams or joints within a shape or the method of joining shapes together.1.3 Since this practice is not measurement sensitive, it is applicable whether inch-pound or SI metric dimensions are used.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The method presented is a “short method” that may be used where contamination levels are less than 5000 ppm by weight or volume, temperatures are between 0 °C (32 °F) and 65 °C (150 °F), and the humidity is not considered. The gas is considered as standard air and the velocity is read directly from the instrument.5.2 This test method is useful for determining air velocities in HVAC ducts, fume hoods, vent stacks of nuclear power stations, and in performing model studies of pollution control devices.1.1 This test method describes the measurement of the average velocity with a thermal anemometer for the purpose of determining gas flow in a stack, duct, or flue (1-5).2 It is limited to those applications where the gas is essentially air at ambient conditions and the temperature, moisture, and contaminant loading are insignificant as sources of error compared to the basic accuracy of the typical field situation.1.2 The range of the test method is from 1 to 30 m/s (3 to 100 ft/s).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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定价： 646元 加购物车

5.1 The method presented here is a field method that may be used to determine mass and volume flow rates in ducts where flow conditions may be irregular and nonuniform. The gas flowing in the duct is considered to be an ideal gas. The method may be especially useful in those locations where conventional pitot tube or thermal anemometer velocity measurements are difficult or inappropriate due either to very low average flow velocity or the lack of a suitable run of duct upstream and downstream of the measurement location.5.2 This test method can produce the volumetric flow rate at standard conditions without the need to determine gas stream composition, temperature, and water vapor content.5.3 This test method is useful for determining mass or volumetric flow rates in HVAC ducts, fume hoods, vent stacks, and mine tunnels, as well as in performing model studies of pollution control devices.5.4 This test method is based on first principles (conservation of mass) and does not require engineering assumptions.5.5 This test method does not require the measurement of the area of the duct or stack.5.6 The test method does not require flow straightening.5.7 The test method is independent of flow conditions, such as angle, swirl, turbulence, reversals, and hence, does not require flow straightening.5.8 The dry volumetric airflow can be determined by drying the air samples without measuring the water vapor concentration.1.1 This test method describes the measurement of the volumetric and mass flow rate of a gas stream within a duct, stack, pipe, mine tunnel, or flue using a tracer gas dilution technique. For editorial convenience all references in the text will be to a duct, but it should be understood that this could refer equally well to a stack, pipe, mine tunnel, or flue. This test method is limited to those applications where the gas stream and the tracer gas can be treated as ideal gases at the conditions of the measurement. In this test method, the gas stream will be referred as air, though it could be any another gas that exhibits ideal gas law behavior.1.2 This test method is not restricted to any particular tracer gas although experimental experience has shown that certain gases are used more readily than others as suitable tracer gases. It is preferable that the tracer gas not be a natural component of the gas stream.1.3 Use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of gas analysis and instrumentation. Correct use of the formulas presented here requires consistent use of units.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Pipe and duct insulation systems are often evaluated with Test Method E84 to comply with building or mechanical code requirements. This practice describes, in detail, specimen preparation and mounting procedures for single-component pipe or duct insulation systems and for multi-component pipe or duct insulation systems.5.2 The material, system, composite, or assembly tested shall be representative of the completed insulation system used in actual field installations, in terms of the components, including their respective thicknesses.5.3 Pipe and duct insulation systems consist of a variety of materials and constructions.5.4 Some testing laboratories have developed a number of protocols for testing pipe or duct insulation systems which utilize one generic type of materials, all of them with an insulation core and a jacket. Those protocols are the origin of this practice, which makes them generic, to reduce material bias in the standard; they have resulted in the procedures presented in 6.1. The procedures presented in 6.2 – 6.5 address other types of pipe or duct insulation systems.5.5 This practice addresses specimen preparation and mounting of systems of the types described in 5.5.1 – 5.5.3 and testing of supplementary materials as described in 5.6.5.5.1 Multi-component systems containing an insulation core and a jacket, with or without adhesive between insulation core and jacket, not intended to be bonded to a pipe or duct substrate. Specimen preparation and mounting for such systems is described in 6.1 if they are self-supporting and in 6.2 if they are not self-supporting.5.5.2 Single component systems, not intended to be bonded to a pipe or duct substrate. Specimen preparation and mounting for such systems is described in 6.3 if they are self-supporting and in 6.4 if they are not self-supporting.5.5.3 Systems intended to be bonded to a pipe or duct substrate. Specimen preparation and mounting for such systems is described in 6.5.5.5.4 Reflective insulation materials (see 3.2.10 and 3.2.11) intended to be used as pipe or duct insulation materials and installed with an air gap shall be tested using the procedures for specimen preparation and mounting procedures described in Practice E2599. Reflective insulation materials intended to be used as pipe or duct insulation materials and installed without an air gap shall be tested using the specimen preparation and mounting procedures described in Section 6 of this practice.5.5.5 Specimen preparation and mounting procedures for systems not described in this practice shall be added as the information becomes available.5.6 Supplementary Materials: 5.6.1 It is recognized that supplementary materials for pipe or duct insulation systems are normally able to generate heat, flame or smoke. Thus, the fire safety of the entire system depends, at least to some extent, on the fire performance of supplementary materials. Consequently, the fire-test-response characteristics of all supplementary materials shall be assessed to obtain a full assessment of the fire-test-response of the pipe or duct insulation system. See Appendix X1.5.6.2 Supplementary materials are often present intermittently spaced, and not for an extended length, in a pipe or duct insulation system. Thus, it is not always possible to suitably test them in conjunction with a pipe or duct insulation system.5.6.3 Testing of Supplementary Materials—Supplementary materials that have not been fully tested in conjunction with the pipe or duct insulation system, in accordance with Section 6, shall be tested for flame spread and smoke development as single-component systems, in accordance with Test Method E84.5.7 The limitations for this procedure are those associated with Test Method E84.1.1 This practice describes procedures for specimen preparation and mounting when testing pipe and duct insulation materials to assess flame spread and smoke development as surface burning characteristics using Test Method E84.1.2 If the pipe or duct insulation materials to be tested are reflective insulation materials (see 3.2.10 and 3.2.11), the materials shall be tested using the procedures for specimen preparation and mounting described in Practice E2599 and not the procedures described in 6.1 through 6.6.1.3 Testing is conducted with Test Method E84.1.4 This practice does not provide pass/fail criteria that can be used as a regulatory tool.1.5 Use the values stated in inch-pound units as the standard, in referee decisions. The values in the SI system of units are given in parentheses, for information only; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.1.6 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.1.7 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. Fire testing involves hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard gives instructions on specimen preparation and mounting, but the fire-test-response method is given in Test Method E84. See also Section 8.1.8 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered requirements of the standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Specimens tested using this standard, for example, duct silencers, are used to control sound propagation through ventilation ducts. The results gathered from testing specimens to this standard can be used to estimate the reduction in fan sound levels in ducted airflow systems caused by including a sound attenuating device in the system. The device can be a component in a source-path-receiver analysis where calculations are performed to determine the resultant sound level in an occupied space. Correct selection of a sound attenuating device can enable a designer to achieve in-space background noise criteria.5.2 The insertion loss of a silencer varies with frequency and with the direction and speed of airflow. Because silencers partially obstruct the air path and provide resistance to airflow, two other effects must be quantified: pressure drop and airflow-generated noise. Both increase with increasing air speeds; thus data are required for several airflows to correctly characterize performance.5.3 The aerodynamic results from testing specimens to the standard can be used as information for the system design engineer to determine the amount of static pressure drop resistance to be overcome by the system fan(s). Guidelines for appropriate maximum allowable pressure drop for a sound attenuating element have been established in the design community and are based on the procedures described herein.5.4 As stated previously in 1.4 of this test method, the actual performance of a sound attenuating device as installed in an air duct system may be significantly different than reported based on the test procedure herein. This standard does not provide guidance to the user on these system effects.5.5 Silencers are often designed to be used under conditions which do not duplicate the test set-ups of this standard. Mock-ups and specialized test set-ups to determine performance of sound attenuating devices in non-standard configurations may be based on this test method but cannot be considered to be in full conformance with this test method. See Annex A2 for further information regarding such tests.1.1 This test method covers the laboratory testing of some of the acoustical properties of sound attenuating devices including duct liner materials, integral ducts, and in-duct absorptive straight and elbow silencers used in the ventilation systems of buildings. Procedures are described for the measurement of acoustical insertion loss, airflow generated noise, and pressure drop as a function of airflow.1.2 Excluded from the scope are reactive mufflers and those designed for uses other than in ventilation systems, such as automobile mufflers.1.3 This test method includes a provision for a simulated semi-reflective plenum to fit around thin-walled duct and silencer test specimens, since the acoustical environments around such thin-walled specimens can affect the measured insertion loss.1.4 This method tests the performance of the specimen in well-defined and controlled conditions. If the specimen is installed in the field in any different manner, the results may be different. This standard does not provide estimating procedures for determining the actual installed performance of the specimen under field conditions.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are provided for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车