4.1 These practices are intended for all infrared spectroscopists. For novices, these practices will serve as an overview of preparation, operation, and calculation techniques. For experienced persons, these practices will serve as a review when seldom-used techniques are needed.1.1 These practices cover the techniques most often used in infrared quantitative analysis. Practices associated with the collection and analysis of data on a computer are included as well as practices that do not use a computer.1.2 This practice does not purport to address all of the concerns associated with developing a new quantitative method. It is the responsibility of the developer to ensure that the results of the method fall in the desired range of precision and bias.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements appear in Section 6, Note A4.7, Note A4.11, and Note A5.6.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This guide covers procedures for quantifying the elemental composition of phases in a microstructure. It includes both methods that use standards as well as standardless methods, and it discusses the precision and accuracy that one can expect from the technique. The guide applies to EDS with a solid-state X-ray detector used on an SEM or EPMA.5.2 EDS is a suitable technique for routine quantitative analysis of elements that are 1) heavier than or equal to sodium in atomic weight, 2) present in tenths of a percent or greater by weight, and 3) occupying a few cubic micrometres, or more, of the specimen. Elements of lower atomic number than sodium can be analyzed with either ultra-thin-window or windowless spectrometers, generally with less precision than is possible for heavier elements. Trace elements, defined as <1.0 %,2 can be analyzed but with lower precision compared with analyses of elements present in greater concentration.1.1 This guide is intended to assist those using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) for quantitative analysis of materials with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). It is not intended to substitute for a formal course of instruction, but rather to provide a guide to the capabilities and limitations of the technique and to its use. For a more detailed treatment of the subject, see Goldstein, et al. (1) This guide does not cover EDS with a transmission electron microscope (TEM).1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Carpet, when exposed to the environment or foot traffic, accumulates soil and biocontaminants during its in-service life. While routine vacuuming may effectively remove dry particulate soils, it has a limited effect on removing or killing accumulated and embedded biocontaminants. In this test method, steps are described to assess test substances for the ability to sanitize carpet.5.2 This test method compares an inert control solution to a sanitizing test solution for the ability to reduce viable bacteria and fungi inoculated onto carpet samples.5.3 This test method provides for efficient recovery of surviving bacteria from inoculated carpets.1.1 This test method is designed to evaluate quantitatively the antibacterial and antifungal activity of solutions for sanitizing carpets.1.2 Efficacy is reported as the log reduction in viable bacteria and fungi.1.3 The bacteria used in the test are Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The mold used is Aspergillus brasiliensis.1.4 Knowledge of microbiological techniques is required for this test method.1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This guide provides information for the sampling of seized-drug submissions.3.2 The principal purpose of sampling in the context of this guide is to answer relevant questions about a population by examination of a portion of the population. For example: What is the net weight of the population? What portion of the units of a population can be said to contain a given drug at a given level of confidence?3.3 By developing a sampling strategy and implementing appropriate sampling schemes, as illustrated in Fig. 1, a laboratory will minimize the total number of required analytical determinations, while ensuring that all relevant legal and scientific requirements are met.1.1 This guide covers minimum considerations for sampling of seized drugs for qualitative and quantitative analysis.1.2 This guide cannot replace knowledge, skill, or ability acquired through appropriate education, training, and experience and should be used in conjunction with sound professional judgment.

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5.1 The plastic Petri plate (carrier) provides a closed system for enumeration and easy application of a pre-saturated or impregnated antimicrobial towelette by an analyst.5.2 Aliquoting of sterile 5 % non-heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (five 10 µL spots) onto soiled carriers and inoculation of final test suspension onto treated carriers (five 10 µL spots) is conducted using a template and a positive displacement pipette, thereby ensuring a precise inoculum level and uniform distribution of soil and final test suspension.5.3 A single towelette is tested per 2-carrier set, eliminating the likelihood of cross contamination between carriers.5.4 The corkscrew-patterned circular motion of the product application (wipe outside to inside, wipe inside to outside using the wiping template; see Annex A3 – Annex A6) ensures uniform coverage and contact of disinfectant with the inoculated surface.5.5 The addition of neutralizer to the treated carriers at the end of the contact time results in neutralization of the test substance. This standard test method provides a procedure for performing neutralization verification to confirm that the microbicidal, microbistatic, or both types of activity of a test substance has been reduced by 50 % at the end of the contact time (see Annex A1 for neutralization verification procedure).5.6 The design of this standard test method minimizes any loss of viable organisms through carrier wash-off.5.7 It is optional to adjust (dilution in PBS) the inoculum to achieve desired control counts of 5.0 log10 CFU/carrier to 6.5 log10 CFU/carrier.5.8 Include, where applicable, comparisons of the test to other similar procedures such as Practices E1054 and E2362.1.1 This test method quantitatively determines the effectiveness of various sizes of antimicrobial towelettes in treating hard, non-porous surfaces against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.1.2 This test method may be used to evaluate towelettes for antimicrobial efficacy against additional microorganisms (with necessary modifications).1.2.1 This test method does not differentiate between chemical inactivation of the test microbe and mechanical removal of inoculum from a surface; rather, product efficacy is considered a combination of both attributes of a towelette-based formulation.1.3 This test method involves the use of hazardous materials, chemicals, and infectious microorganisms and therefore should be performed only by those trained in microbiological techniques in facilities designed and equipped for work with infectious agents at the appropriate biosafety level, a BSL-2 or higher laboratory; specifications provided in the “Biosafety for Biomedical and Microbiological Laboratories” (BMBL), 6th edition (BMBL).1.4 It is the responsibility of the investigator to determine whether Good Laboratory Practices (GLP Standards—For example, 40 CFR, Part 160 of FIFRA) are required and to follow them when appropriate.1.5 Strict adherence to the protocol is necessary for the validity of the test results.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 These practices are a source of general information on the techniques of ultraviolet and visible quantitative analyses. They provide the user with background information that should help ensure the reliability of spectrophotometric measurements.4.2 These practices are not intended as a substitute for a thorough understanding of any particular analytical method. It is the responsibility of the users to familiarize themselves with the critical details of a method and the proper operation of the available instrumentation.1.1 These practices are intended to provide general information on the techniques most often used in ultraviolet and visible quantitative analysis. The purpose is to render unnecessary the repetition of these descriptions of techniques in individual methods for quantitative analysis.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 All of these test methods can be used for quantitative determinations of asphalt binder in asphalt mixtures and pavement samples for specification acceptance, service evaluation, control, and research. Each method prescribes the solvent or solvents and any other reagents that can be used in the test method.NOTE 2: Further testing of the asphalt mixture may be performed by using sieve analysis on the extracted aggregate, Test Method D5444, or recovering the extracted asphalt binder from solution by Test Method D1856, Practice D5404/D5404M, or Practice D7906 for asphalt binder property testing. When recovering the asphalt binder for property testing, all mineral matter should be removed from the effluent.NOTE 3: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 These test methods cover the quantitative determination of asphalt binder content in asphalt mixtures and pavement samples. Aggregate obtained by these methods may be used for sieve analysis using Test Method D5444. This test is not appropriate for testing asphalt mixtures containing coal tar.1.2 Asphalt binder may be recovered using Test Method D1856, Practice D5404/D5404M, or Practice D7906.1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards are given in Section 7.NOTE 1: The results obtained by these test methods may be affected by the age of the material tested, with older samples tending to yield slightly lower asphalt binder content. Best quantitative results are obtained when the test is made on mixtures and pavements shortly after their preparation. It is difficult to remove all the asphalt when some aggregates are used and some chlorides may remain within the mineral matter affecting the measured asphalt content.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method will assess whether the test nanoparticulate material has chemoattractant activity.5.2 This test method will provide a rapid and quantitative measure of the ability of nanoparticulate material to recruit immune cells.5.3 Recruitment of immune cells by chemotaxis plays an important part in all phases of both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.5.4 Testing the capacity of a nanoparticulate material to recruit immune cells in vitro helps in predicting the influence of such material on the immune cell response.1.1 This test method provides a protocol for rapid and quantitative measurement of the chemoattractant capacity of a nanoparticulate material (nanoparticles and their aggregates and agglomerates).1.2 Immune cells recruitment (by chemotaxis) plays a central role in the immune system function especially in the inflammatory process.1.3 This test method uses an in vitro model. In this model, peripheral blood human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells HL-60 are separated from control chemoattractant or test nanoparticulate material by a 3-µm pore size filter; the cell migration through the filter is monitored and quantified using the fluorescent dye calcein AM (Figs. 1 and 2).FIG. 1 Chemotaxis Chamber (Boyden Chamber)FIG. 2 Chemotaxis Assaya (left)—Parts of the chemotaxis assay assembly.b (right)—Procedure for testing the chemoattractant capacity of a nanoparticulate material.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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