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The laboratory fatigue life determined by this standard for beam specimens have been used to estimate the fatigue life of asphalt concrete pavement layers under repeated traffic loading. Although the field performance of asphalt concrete is impacted by many factors (traffic variation, speed, and wander; climate variation; rest periods between loads; aging; etc.), it has been more accurately predicted when laboratory properties are known along with an estimate of the strain level induced at the layer depth by the traffic wheel load traveling over the pavement.Note 1—The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 This test method provides procedures for determining a unique failure point for estimating the fatigue life of 380 mm (14.96 in.) long by 50 mm (1.97 in.) thick by 63 mm (2.48 in.) wide asphalt concrete beam specimens sawed from laboratory or field compacted asphalt concrete, which are subjected to repeated flexural bending.1.2 The between-laboratory reproducibility of this test method is being determined and will be available on or before June 2013. Therefore, this test method should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Other units of measurement included in this standard are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 This test method is useful in research and quality control for evaluating insulating materials and systems since they provide for the measurement of the endurance used to compare different materials to the action of corona on the external surfaces. A poor result on this test does not indicate that the material is a poor selection for use at high voltage or at high voltage stress in the absence of surface corona; surface corona is not the same as corona that occurs in internal cavities. (See Test Methods D3382.)5.2 This test method is also useful for comparison between materials of the same relative thickness. When agreed upon between the buyer and the seller, it is acceptable to express any differences in terms of relative time to failure or the magnitude of voltage stress (kV/mm or kV/in.) required to produce failure in a specified number of hours.5.3 It is possible for this test method to also be used to examine the effects of different processing parameters on the same insulating material, such as residual strains produced by quenching, high levels of crystallinity or molding processes that control the concentration and sizes of gas-filled cavities.5.4 The data are generated in the form of a set of values of lifetimes at a voltage. The dispersion of failure times is analyzed using one of the methods below:5.4.1 Weibull Probability Plot.5.4.2 Statistically (see IEEE/IEC 62539-2007 for additional information), to yield an estimate of the central value of the distribution and its standard deviation.5.4.3 Truncating a test at the time of the fifth failure of a set of nine and using that time as the measure of the central tendency. Two such techniques are described in 10.2.5.5 This test method intensifies some of the more commonly met conditions of corona attack so that materials are able to be evaluated in a time that is relatively short compared to the life of the equipment. As with most accelerated life tests, caution is necessary in extrapolation from the indicated life to actual life under various operating conditions in the field.5.6 The possible factors related to failures produced by corona are:5.6.1 Corona eroding the insulation until the remaining insulation can no longer withstand the applied voltage.5.6.2 Corona causing the insulation surface to become conducting due to carbonization, so that failure occurs quickly.5.6.3 Forming of compounds such as oxalic acid crystals causing the surface conductance to vary with ambient humidity. It is possible conductance will be at a sufficient level to reduce the potential gradient at the electrode edge at moderate humidities, and thus cause either a reduction in the amount of corona, or its cessation, thus retarding failure.5.6.4 Corona causing “treeing” within the insulation and consequently accelerating the time to failure.5.6.5 Gases released within the insulation that change its physical dimensions.5.6.6 Changes in the physical properties of an insulating material; embrittlement or cracking, for instance, causing the material to lose flexibility or crack, or both, and thus make it useless.5.7 Tests are often made in open air, at 50 % relative humidity. In cases agreed upon between the buyer and the seller, additional information can be obtained for some materials with tests in circulating air at 20 % relative humidity or less (see Appendix X1).5.7.1 If tests are made in an enclosure, the restriction in the flow of air can trap ozone and influence the results (see Appendix X2).5.7.2 When tests are done outside the standard conditions, the report shall note the deviation and the alternative conditions.5.8 The variability of the time to failure is a function of the consistency of the test parameters, such as voltage levels, which shall be monitored. The Weibull slope factor, β, is recommended as a measure of variability. β is the slope obtained when percent failure is plotted against failure time on Weibull probability paper. Such a plot is called a Weibull Probability Plot (see Fig. 1).FIG. 1 Representative Weibull Plot Showing the First Five Failures of a Group Specimen of Nine.NOTE 1: Plotting percentage are 100 times the average of (n − 1/2 )/N and n/(N + 1). Artificial data were placed on a line (dashed) drawn to illustrate a Weibull line with a β of 4. A second line (not dashed) illustrates the distribution of failure times which are characteristic of materials with very flat volt-time curves, such as mica composites. This line has a β value of 0.7.5.9 The shape of the Weibull Probability Plot can provide additional information. It is possible that a non-straight-line plot will indicate more than one mechanism of failure. For instance, a few unaccountably short time failures in the set indicating a small portion of defective specimens with a different failure mechanism from the rest of the lot.1.1 This test method determines the voltage endurance of solid electrical insulating materials for use at commercial power frequencies under the action of corona (see Note 1). This test method is more meaningful for rating materials with respect to their resistance to prolonged ac stress under corona conditions for comparative evaluation between materials.NOTE 1: The term “corona” is used almost exclusively in this test method instead of “partial discharge,” because it is a visible glow at the edge of the electrode interface that is the result of partial discharge. Corona, as defined in Terminology D1711, is “visible partial discharges in gases adjacent to a conductor.”1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification provides performance requirements for trash receptacles when subjected to the explosive tests described in Test Method E2639.1.1.1 These trash receptacles are intended for use in public spaces.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The Clean Water Act promulgated the implementation of water quality standards and contamination limits for a wide range of pollutants including oil and grease. Specifically, the EPA, in 40 CFR Ch. 1, prohibits “the discharges of oil that cause a film or sheen upon or cause discoloration of the surface of the water. . .” Several state and local agencies have adopted this statement in addition to setting concentration limits, that is, 15 mg/L or even 5 mg/L. The purpose of this practice is to evaluate the performance of a separator in regards to the regulations and user requirements when subject to a sudden release. The sudden release may occur in dry weather and local personnel may attempt to hose the contaminated area down or it may occur on a rainy day and enter the separator mixed in with the runoff.5.2 This practice is not applicable if the influent to a separator is simply runoff from contaminated rainwater. For this case, see Practice D6104.5.3 This practice is not applicable if the influent to a separator is conveyed by a pumping means.1.1 This practice describes the testing procedure, any necessary related apparatus, and the sampling technique to be used in determining the performance characteristics of an oil/water separator subjected to the sudden release of a relatively large quantity of hydrocarbons that may appear in its influent in pure form or at high concentration.1.2 This practice does not address the determination of the performance characteristics of an oil/water separator subjected to surface run-off resulting from rain water draining from improved or unimproved land. In this case, refer to Practice D6104.1.3 This practice does not address the determination of the performance characteristics of an oil/water separator subjected to a mechanically emulsified influent such as provided by a pump.1.4 This practice does not investigate the ability of the separator to handle debris or suspended solids, that is, grit or tree leaves.1.5 While the effluent may meet code requirements for total oil and grease content, this practice does not address the presence of soluble organics, that is, benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, and xylene (BTEXs) that may be detected in the effluent. It also does not make any provisions for the effects of detergents, surfactants, soaps or any water soluble matter (that is, salts) or any portion of an essentially insoluble matter that may be found in solution on separation. (Effects of certain water soluble chemicals or solids may be investigated by adding them to the water at predetermined constant concentrations.)1.6 In order to estimate the effect of water temperature on the performance of the separator, the tests described in this practice must be performed at two water temperatures. The selected temperatures must be at least 10°C (18°F) apart, with the temperature ranging from a minimum of 0°C (32°F) to a maximum of 50°C (122°F).1.7 This practice does not make any provisions for the variation of pH or temperature during a test run. Refer to Appendix X1 for further detail.1.8 This practice can be used with a variety of hydrocarbons. It adopts No. 2 fuel oil with a density2 of 845 kg/m3 (52.73 lbm/ft3) and a viscosity2 of 1.9 to 4.1 centistokes at 40°C (104°F) and SAE 90 lubricating oil with a density (See SAE J313) of 930 kg/m3 (58 lbm/ft3) at 15.5°C (60°F) and a viscosity (see SAE J306) of 13.5 to <24 centistokes at 100°C (212°F) as the comparative testing media. It is understood that the results obtained from this practice are only directly applicable to No. 2 fuel oil and SAE 90 lubricating oil for the tested concentrations and only careful interpolation or extrapolation, or both, is allowed to other hydrocarbons. Low viscosity or high density hydrocarbons or hydrocarbons that contain a larger fraction of highly soluble compounds may need to be tested separately.NOTE 1: No extrapolation outside the range of the tested influent or effluent oil concentrations is allowed as performance may not be linear. Hence, to establish performance at a higher or lower concentration, the separator shall be tested for that specific condition. In addition, linearity must be established prior to using linear interpolation.1.9 Since regulations are based on effluent total hydrocarbon content, this practice does not set forth any lower limits on oil particle size for the evaluation of separator efficiency. However, a standardized means for mixing oil and water shall be specified to ensure repeatability. It must be noted however that smaller particles, having a greater surface area to volume ratio, rise at a slower rate than their larger counterparts. (Guide F933 requires that 20 % of all oil particles be smaller than or equal to 50 μm and IMO MEPC 60 (30) does not mention any particle size requirements but asks the user to avoid emulsion causing chemicals.)1.10 Although the tests described in this practice intend to simulate the performance of a separator subjected to a sudden release, they do not cover all possible applications. It is the end user's responsibility to determine whether his separation requirements are within the scope of this practice.1.11 A product different from the general description herein may be tested and found to be in compliance with the performance criteria set forth.1.12 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.13 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.14 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method simulates the hydrostatic loading conditions which are often present in actual sandwich structures, such as marine hulls. This test method can be used to compare the two-dimensional flexural stiffness of a sandwich composite made with different combinations of materials or with different fabrication processes. Since it is based on distributed loading rather than concentrated loading, it may also provide more realistic information on the failure mechanisms of sandwich structures loaded in a similar manner. Test data should be useful for design and engineering, material specification, quality assurance, and process development. In addition, data from this test method would be useful in refining predictive mathematical models or computer code for use as structural design tools. Properties that may be obtained from this test method include:5.1.1 Panel surface deflection at load,5.1.2 Panel face-sheet strain at load,5.1.3 Panel bending stiffness,5.1.4 Panel shear stiffness,5.1.5 Panel strength, and5.1.6 Panel failure modes.1.1 This test method determines the two-dimensional flexural properties of sandwich composite plates subjected to a distributed load. The test fixture uses a relatively large square panel sample which is simply supported all around and has the distributed load provided by a water-filled bladder. This type of loading differs from the procedure of Test Method C393, where concentrated loads induce one-dimensional, simple bending in beam specimens.1.2 This test method is applicable to composite structures of the sandwich type which involve a relatively thick layer of core material bonded on both faces with an adhesive to thin-face sheets composed of a denser, higher-modulus material, typically, a polymer matrix reinforced with high-modulus fibers.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This practice covers the recommended method for rating the condition of electroplated test panels subjected to corrosive environments for test purposes. This method is used with standard-sized panels exposed on standard ASTM racks at outdoor test sites in both natural atmospheres and accelerated test conditions. This practice refers only to decorative-protective coatings that are cathodic to the substrate such as nickel/chromium or copper/nickel/chromium on steel or zinc die castings, and is not intended for use with anodic sacrificial coatings such as zinc and cadmium on steel. Any modifications needed to adapt the method to rating actual production parts are not considered here. Panels shall be assigned separate rating numbers based on the ability of the coating to protect the substrate from corrosion (protection rating), and the overall appearance of panels as affected by deterioration of the coating itself (appearance rating). Accordingly, rating numbers shall be derived from the type of defect that exists, that is: (1) protection defects, which include crater rusting, pinhole rusting, rust stains, blisters, and other defects that involve basis metal corrosion; and (2) appearance defects, which include surface pits, "crow's feet," crack patterns, surface stains, tarnishes, and other defects that detract from commercial acceptability as to appearance. Inspection should be made in the as-is condition, and defects to be taken into account are only those that can be seen with the unaided eye at normal reading distance.1.1 This practice covers a preferred method for evaluating the condition of electroplated test panels that have been exposed to corrosive environments for test purposes. It is based on experience in use of the method with standard 10- by 15-cm (4- by 6-in.) panels exposed on standard ASTM racks at outdoor test sites in natural atmospheres. It has been used also for rating similar panels that have been subjected to accelerated tests such as those covered by Practice B117, Method B287, Test Method B368, and Test Method B380. Any modifications needed to adapt the method to rating actual production parts are not considered in this practice.1.2 This practice refers only to decorative-protective coatings that are cathodic to the substrate, typified by nickel/chromium or copper/nickel/chromium on steel or zinc die castings. It is not intended for use with anodic sacrificial coatings such as zinc and cadmium on steel.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Damage to pipe coating is almost unavoidable during transportation and construction. Breaks or holidays in pipe coatings may expose the pipe to possible corrosion since, after a pipe has been installed underground, the surrounding earth will be moisture-bearing and will constitute an effective electrolyte. Applied cathodic protection potentials may cause loosening of the coating, beginning at holiday edges. Spontaneous holidays may also be caused by such potentials. This test method provides accelerated conditions for cathodic disbondment to occur and provides a measure of resistance of coatings to this type of action.4.2 The effects of the test are to be evaluated by physical examinations and monitoring the current drawn by the test specimen. Usually there is no correlation between the two methods of evaluation, but both methods are significant. Physical examination consists of assessing the effective contact of the coating with the metal surface in terms of observed differences in the relative adhesive bond. It is usually found that the cathodically disbonded area propagates from an area where adhesion is zero to an area where adhesion reaches the original level. An intermediate zone of decreased adhesion may also be present.4.3 Assumptions associated with test results include:4.3.1 Maximum adhesion, or bond, is found in the coating that was not immersed in the test liquid, and4.3.2 Decreased adhesion in the immersed test area is the result of cathodic disbondment.4.4 Ability to resist disbondment is a desired quality on a comparative basis, but disbondment in this test method is not necessarily an adverse indication of coating performance. The virtue of this test method is that all dielectric-type coatings now in common use will disbond to some degree, thus providing a means of comparing one coating to another.4.5 The current density appearing in this test method is much greater than that usually required for cathodic protection in natural environments.4.6 That any relatively lesser bonded area was caused by electrical stressing in combination with the elevated and or depressed temperature and was not attributable to an anomaly in the application process. Ability to resist disbondment is a desired quality on a comparative basis, but most insulating materials will disbond to some extent under the accelerated conditions of this test. Bond strength is more important for proper functioning of some coatings than others and the same measured disbondment for two different coating systems may not represent equivalent loss of corrosion protection.4.6.1 The amount of current flowing in the test cell may be a relative indicator of the extent of areas requiring protection against corrosion; however, the current density appearing in this test is much greater than that usually required for cathodic protection in natural, inland soil environments.4.6.2 Test voltages higher than those recommended may result in the formation of chlorine gas. The subsequent chemical effects on the coating could cast doubt on the interpretation of the test results.1.1 This test method describes an accelerated procedure for determining comparative characteristics of insulating coating systems applied to steel pipe exterior for the purpose of preventing or mitigating corrosion that may occur in underground service where the pipe will be exposed to high temperatures and is under cathodic protection. This test method is intended for use with samples of coated pipe taken from commercial production and is applicable to such samples when the coating is characterized by function as an electrical barrier.1.2 This test method is intended for testing coatings submerged or immersed in the test solution at elevated temperature. When it is impractical to submerge or immerse the test specimen, Test Method G95 may be considered where the test cell is cemented to the surface of the coated pipe specimen. If room temperatures are required, see Test Methods G8. If a specific test method is required with no options, see Test Method G80.1.3 The values stated in SI units to three significant decimals are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This test method defines a procedure for evaluating the craze resistance of coated transparent plastics subjected to cyclic bending stresses induced by pressurizing the specimen under ambient, hot, and cold temperature conditions. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.

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