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5.1 This specification serves as a guide for the purchase of zippers to be used for dungarees, jeans, or work trousers.5.2 Upon agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, zippers intended for this end-use should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification.5.3 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aesthetics the ultimate consumer may find acceptable dungarees, jeans, or work trousers, having zippers that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements listed in Table 1 may be modified by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.5.3.1 In such cases, and references to this specification shall specify that: This zipper meets Performance Specification D4465 except for the following characteristic(s).5.4 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and the supplier, and in case of controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only. As noted in 5.3, ultimate consumer demands dictate varying performance parameters for any particular style of zipper.5.5 The uses and significance of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test methods.AbstractThis performance specification covers zippers to be used as fly closures in dungarees, jeans, and work trousers made from heavy denim or other durable fabric. Zippers covered here may be satisfactorily used for lighter weight denim and other fabrics as well, however, consideration should be given to the zipper size and slider type because of their effect on the appearance of the zipper installation area. Zippers shall be suitably sampled and tested, and shall adhere accordingly to the following requirements: element pull-off resistance; element slippage resistance; crosswise chain strength; bottom stop holding-stringer separation strength; top stop holding strength; slider lock holding strength (positive and ratchet lock); slider deflection and recovery after pull (deflection and permanent set); resistance to pull-off of slider pull; slider operability on chain; longitudinal dimensional change after laundering (normal and low shrinkage level); and colorfastness to laundering (color change and staining). It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aesthetics the ultimate consumer may find acceptable trousers having zippers that do not conform to all of these requirements. Therefore, one or more of the requirements may be modified by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.1.1 This performance specification covers zippers to be used as fly closures in dungarees, jeans, and work trousers made from heavy denim or other durable fabric, approximately 475 g/m2 (14 oz/yd2).1.2 Zippers covered by this specification may be satisfactory for lighter weight denim and other fabrics.1.2.1 When lighter weight material is being used, consideration should be given to the zipper size and slider type because of their effect on the appearance of the zipper installation area.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Each Facility Rating Scale (see Fig. 1 through Fig. 6) in this classification provides a means to estimate the level of serviceability of a building or facility for one topic of serviceability and to compare that level against the level of any other building or facility. 4.2 This classification can be used for comparing how well different buildings or facilities meet a particular requirement for serviceability. It is applicable despite differences such as location, structure, mechanical systems, age, and building shape. 4.3 This classification can be used to estimate the amount of variance of serviceability from target or from requirement, for a single office facility, or within a group of office facilities. 4.4 This classification can be used to estimate the following: 4.4.1 Serviceability of an existing facility for uses other than its present use. 4.4.2 Serviceability (potential) of a facility that has been planned but not yet built. 4.4.3 Serviceability (potential) of a facility for which remodeling has been planned. 4.5 Use of this classification does not result in building evaluation or diagnosis. Building evaluation or diagnosis generally requires a special expertise in building engineering or technology and the use of instruments, tools, or measurements. 4.6 This classification applies only to facilities that are building constructions, or parts thereof. (While this classification may be useful in rating the serviceability of facilities that are not building constructions, such facilities are outside the scope of this classification.) 4.7 This classification is not intended for, and is not suitable for, use for regulatory purposes, nor for fire hazard assessment nor for fire risk assessment. 1.1 This classification covers pairs of scales for classifying an aspect of the serviceability of an office facility, that is, the capability of an office facility to meet certain possible requirements for performance to support typical office work. 1.2 Within that aspect of serviceability, each pair of scales, shown in Fig. 1 through Fig. 6, are for classifying one topic of serviceability. Each paragraph in an Occupant Requirement Scale (see Fig. 1 through Fig. 6) summarizes one level of serviceability on that topic, which occupants might require. The matching entry in the Facility Rating Scale (see Fig. 1 through Fig. 6) is a translation of the requirement into a description of certain features of a facility which, taken in combination, indicate that the facility is likely to meet that level of required serviceability. FIG. 1 Scale A.1.1 for Photocopying FIG. 1 Scale A.1.1 for Photocopying (continued) FIG. 1 Scale A.1.1 for Photocopying (continued) FIG. 2 Scale A.1.2 for Training Rooms, General FIG. 2 Scale A.1.2 for Training Rooms, General (continued) FIG. 2 Scale A.1.2 for Training Rooms, General (continued) FIG. 3 Scale A.1.3 for Training Rooms for Computer Skills FIG. 3 Scale A.1.3 for Training Rooms for Computer Skills (continued) FIG. 4 Scale A.1.4 for Interview Rooms FIG. 4 Scale A.1.4 for Interview Rooms (continued) FIG. 5 Scale A.1.5 for Storage and Floor Loading FIG. 5 Scale A.1.5 for Storage and Floor Loading (continued) FIG. 6 Scale A.1.6 for Shipping and Receiving FIG. 6 Scale A.1.6 for Shipping and Receiving (continued) 1.3 The entries in the Facility Rating Scale (see Fig. 1 through Fig. 6) are indicative and not comprehensive. They are for quick scanning to estimate approximately, quickly, and economically, how well an office facility is likely to meet the needs of one or another type of occupant group over time. The entries are not for measuring, knowing, or evaluating how an office facility is performing. 1.4 This classification can be used to estimate the level of serviceability of an existing facility. It can also be used to estimate the serviceability of a facility that has been planned but not yet built, such as one for which single-line drawings and outline specifications have been prepared. 1.5 This classification indicates what would cause a facility to be rated at a certain level of serviceability but does not state how to conduct a serviceability rating nor how to assign a serviceability score. That information is found in Practice E1334. The scales in this classification are complimentary to and compatible with Practice E1334. Each requires the other. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6.1 Exception—Inch-pound units are used in Fig. 6. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Structural integrity assessments typically use values of strength and elastic modulus to predict crack initiation in graphite components and there is a suite of ASTM standards (Section 2, Test Methods C651, C695, C747, C749, C769, and D7775) to cover the measurement of these properties.5.2 The graphite component behavior after crack initiation depends on fracture mechanics parameters, such as fracture toughness and the work of fracture. Test Method D7779 provides the specification and requirements for measuring the fracture toughness of graphite based on linear-elastic stress analysis. Moreover, Test Method D7779 applies to cases where there are no restrictions on specimen size and on applicable machining and specimen preparation techniques.5.3 Most polycrystalline graphites are non-linear elastic, non-uniform, quasi-brittle materials. For such materials, an effective approach for the determination of fracture properties is the analysis of the global energy balance associated with crack extension, similar to Griffith's theory of brittle fracture. This approach does not have the mathematical complexity of the non-linear elastic fracture and is easier to implement in practice.5.4 Work of Fracture, γf (J/m2), is defined as the energy required to form a crack divided by the cross sectional area of the crack. It is assumed that the energy per unit area is constant during crack propagation. In general, components that have an excess of strain energy to the point of fracture, compared to the work needed to extend the crack to full dimension, fail by fast fracture. Any excess energy is converted into kinetic energy through a process that generates stress waves. If the amount of excess energy is sufficiently large, the stress waves will have peak magnitudes greater than the material strength, leading to the initiation and propagation of secondary cracks that could result in the fragmentation of the component.5.5 However, some components that have less strain energy at the point of fracture than the work needed to extend the crack to full dimension, fail in a quasi-brittle manner and result in stable cracks, crack bridging and distributed micro-cracking. Graphite components are generally tested in their as-manufactured state and fail somewhere between these extremes showing fast fracture with relatively minor amounts of secondary cracking and little tendency to fragment. The change in the WoF and strain rate of graphite components in a reactor environment is important in assessing the component’s tendency for secondary cracking and fragmentation.1.1 This guide provides general tutorial information and best practice for measuring the work of fracture on manufactured graphite and carbon specimens. Although applicable to all carbon and graphite materials, this guide is aimed specifically at measurements required on nuclear graphites, where there may be constraints on the geometry and/or volume of the test specimen.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This terminology covers terms and their definitions relevant to the use of protective coatings in nuclear power plants.1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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