定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The purpose of RFT is to evaluate the condition of the tubing. The evaluation results may be used to assess the likelihood of tube failure during service, a task which is not covered by this practice.5.2 Principle of Probe Operation—In a basic RFT probe, the electromagnetic field emitted by an exciter travels outwards through the tube wall, axially along the outside of tube, and back through the tube wall to a detector3 (Fig. 2a).FIG. 2 RFT ProbesNOTE 1: Arrows indicate flow of electromagnetic energy from exciter to detector. Energy flow is perpendicular to lines of magnetic flux.5.2.1 Flaw indications are created when (1) in thin-walled areas, the field arrives at the detector with less attenuation and less time delay, (2) discontinuities interrupt the lines of magnetic flux, which are aligned mainly axially, or (3) discontinuities interrupt the eddy currents, which flow mainly circumferentially. A discontinuity at any point on the through-transmission path can create a perturbation; thus RFT has approximately equal sensitivity to flaws on the inner and outer walls of the tube.35.3 Warning Against Errors in Interpretation.Characterizing flaws by RFT may involve measuring changes from nominal (or baseline), especially for absolute coil data. The choice of a nominal value is important and often requires judgment. Practitioners should exercise care to use for nominal reference a section of tube that is free of damage (see definition of “nominal tube” in 3.2.3). In particular, bends used as nominal reference must be free of damage, and tube support plates used as nominal reference should be free of metal loss in the plate and in adjacent tube material. If necessary, a complementary technique (as described in 11.12) may be used to verify the condition of areas used as nominal reference.5.4 Probe Configuration—The detector is typically placed two to three tube diameters from the exciter, in a location where the remote field dominates the direct-coupling field.3 Other probe configurations or designs may be used to optimize flaw detection, as described in 9.3.5.5 Comparison with Conventional Eddy-Current Testing—Conventional eddy-current test coils are typically configured to sense the field from the tube wall in the immediate vicinity of the emitting element, whereas RFT probes are typically designed to detect changes in the remote field.1.1 This practice describes procedures to be followed during remote field examination of installed ferromagnetic heat-exchanger tubing for baseline and service-induced discontinuities.1.2 This practice is intended for use on ferromagnetic tubes with outside diameters from 0.500 to 2.000 in. [12.70 to 50.80 mm], with wall thicknesses in the range from 0.028 to 0.134 in. [0.71 to 3.40 mm].1.3 This practice does not establish tube acceptance criteria; the tube acceptance criteria must be specified by the using parties.1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

Information about the generic type of coating on a surface is required to select compatible coatings for repainting and can be used when evaluating the performance of a coating in an environment in decisions on upgrading or replacing a coating system. This guide provides a systematic procedure for identifying the generic type of a coating. The procedure can be performed in the field by personnel with limited laboratory experience, and requires a minimum of equipment and materials.1.1 This practice describes procedures and portable apparatus for determining the generic type of coating films most likely to be encountered on structures. The coating can either be weathered from exposure or be freshly applied. 1.2 Most commonly used coatings can be divided into the broad categories and subgroups shown in Table 1 on the basis of the nonvolatile component (generic types) of their vehicle (film forming resin, binder). Although the curing of some coatings involves more than one process and coatings may contain more than one type of resin, they can usually be assigned to one of the basic classes and generic types listed in Table 1. 1.3 For field exposed coatings, it is suggested that these test methods be used as part of a complete evaluation of a coated surface as it is frequently helpful to consider the environment of exposure and how the coating has performed in the environment when drawing conclusions from these tests. 1.4 These procedures will not result in the identification of components of a coating beyond general classification of the coating by generic type and are not appropriate if more detailed analysis is required, for example, as a part of failure analysis or to identify between different manufacturers of the same type of coating. They also may not be definitive enough to identify complex systems that include multiple layers of different generic types of coatings. 1.5 The evaluation of results is quite subjective. Practice and experience are required to minimize misinterpretation. Repeat tests may be required. 1.6 None of the test is to be taken alone as grounds for identifying the generic type. Only the combination of results from several or all of the tests is to be used in conclusions regarding generic types. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for in formation only. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see 5.3.4, 6.3.1, 6.3.3, 7.4, and 8.4.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

1.1 General: 1.1.1 This specification provides system designers, manufacturers, integrators, procurement personnel, end-users, practitioners, and responsible authorities a common set of parameters to match the capabilities of chemical detection tools with user needs for their specific application.1.1.2 This specification describes required test sample compositions, amounts, and a statistically-based testing approach to be used for evaluating the performance of field fentanyl and fentanyl-related detection equipment and assays as described in Test Method E3290. This specification does not address the estimation of limit of detection.1.1.3 This specification is not meant to provide for all uses. Manufacturers, purchasers, and end-users will need to determine specific requirements including, but not limited to, use by hazardous material (HAZMAT) teams; use in explosive or other hazardous environments or atmospheres; use with personal protective equipment (PPE); use by firefighters, law enforcement officers, or FEMA Urban Search & Rescue teams, special electromagnetic compatibility needs, extended storage periods, and extended mission time. These specific requirements may or may not be generally applicable to all chemical detection systems.1.2 Operational Concepts—Chemical detection systems are used to detect or identify chemical hazards to support short-term tactical decision-making to protect responders and the public. The system should provide low false-positive and false-negative rates. Uses of these systems include survey, surveillance, and screening of samples, particularly during a response to a suspected fentanyl or fentanyl-related compound. A field-deployable system should withstand the rigors associated with uses including, but not limited to, operation and storage in high and low temperatures, shock and vibration, radio frequency interference, and rapid changes in operating temperature and humidity. Note that this specification does not address testing the potential impact of the rigors associated with use of systems in the field.1.2.1 Units—When creating multicomponent test samples for TM 2, TM3, and TM4, all % compositions are stated as weight/volume percent (mg/mL) for both solid and liquids.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method provides a simple field-based technique for condition monitoring of soot in in-service lubricants associated with combustion engines, machinery, and equipment used in industry and by the military. Critical applications should use laboratory-based test methods, such as Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) described in Test Method D5967, Annex A4. Infrared spectroscopy is a well-established laboratory method for evaluating soot levels in lubricants. This test method can be used to monitor soot build-up in lubricants and can indicate whether soot has accumulated to an extent that could significantly degrade the performance of the oil. High soot content can compromise lubricant performance and cause filter and oil passage blockage. Soot concentration should be considered in conjunction with data from other condition monitoring tests as described in Practice E2412 to determine whether the oil should be replaced to minimize machinery wear or failure, or both.1.1 This test method pertains to field-based monitoring of soot in diesel crankcase engine oils as well as in other types of engine oils where soot may contaminate the lubricant as a result of a blow-by due to incomplete combustion of fuels. It is applicable to oils having soot levels of up to 12 % by mass.1.2 This test method uses filter-based infrared technology for monitoring of soot build-up in in-service petroleum and hydrocarbon-based lubricants as a result of normal machinery operation. Soot levels in engine oils rise as soot particles contaminate the oil as a result of exhaust gas recirculation from blow-by. This test method is designed as a fast, simple, and field-capable spectroscopic check for soot in in-service hydrocarbon-based lubricants with the objective of helping diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on measuring the level of soot in the oil.1.3 This test method is intended as a field test only, and should be treated as such. Critical applications should use laboratory based methods, such as Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) described in Test Method D5967, Annex A4.1.4 Acquisition of spectral data for measuring soot in in-service oil and lubricant samples with the use of a fixed-filter IR instrument is described in this test method. Calibration against prepared soot standards is also described.NOTE 1: It is not the intent of this test method to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning, or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers corrugated steel structural plate, zinc-coated, used in the construction of pipe, pipe-arches, arches, underpasses, and special shapes for field assembly. Appropriate fasteners and accessory materials are also described. The pipe, arches, and other shapes are generally used for drainage purposes, pedestrian and vehicular underpasses, and utility tunnels. The base steel shall be made by any of the following processes: open-hearth, basic oxygen, or electric furnace. The base metal analysis shall conform to the required chemical composition for sulfur, carbon, manganese, phosphorus, and silicon. The mechanical properties of the flat plate material prior to corrugating shall conform to the required value for yield strength, tensile strength and elongation. When specified, metal bearings for arches shall be cold-formed channels made from flat plate material while steel members for circumferential or longitudinal stiff reeners, or secondary structural components, shall be fabricated from rolled shapes or from flat plate material. Structural plates shall be fabricated from flat sheets or plates, punched for bolted lap seams and curved to the required radius. Corrugations shall form smooth continuous curves and tangents. The bolt holes shall be punched so that all plates having like dimensions, curvature, and same size and number of bolts per foot of seam shall be interchangeable. All structural plates, including fittings and cut ends, shall be zinc coated after cutting, corrugating, punching of holes, and welding.1.1 This specification covers corrugated steel structural plate, zinc-coated, used in the construction of pipe, pipe-arches, arches, underpasses, and special shapes for field assembly. Appropriate fasteners and accessory materials are also described. The pipe, arches, and other shapes are generally used for drainage purposes, pedestrian and vehicular underpasses, and utility tunnels.1.2 This specification does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the relationship between earth cover load and plate thickness of the pipe. Experience has shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of plate thickness, type of bedding and backfill, manufacture in the plant, and care in the installation. The purchaser must correlate the preceding factors and also the corrosion and abrasion requirements of the field installation with the plate thickness. The structural design of corrugated steel structural plate pipe and the proper installation procedures are described in Practices A796/A796M and A807/A807M.1.3 This specification is applicable to orders in either inch-pound units (as A761) or SI units (as A761M). Inch-pound units and SI units are not necessarily equivalent. SI units are shown in brackets in the text, but they are the applicable values when the material is ordered to A761M.1.4 This specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this specification.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 Successful kitchen exhaust hood performance requires the complete capture and containment of the effluent plume along the hood’s entire perimeter. Any effluent leakage moving beyond 3 in. from the hood face will be deemed as having escaped from the hood, even if it may appear to be have been drawn back into the hood. If effluent spills from the hood, hot and greasy kitchens may be the result and the cause of the performance failure needs to be determined and corrected. Oftentimes, the exhaust flow rate needs to be increased to achieve proper hood performance for particular field conditions. As a result, the supply air to the kitchen will need to be increased to maintain the air balance. However, drafty room conditions due to incorrectly placed supply diffusers, cross drafts from windows and doors, return and supply at opposite ends of the kitchen, etc. could also severely degrade hood performance. Incorrectly designed supply systems may not be corrected by increasing the exhaust rate and could be corrected in a much more efficient and economical manner, such as by replacing a 4-way diffuser with a 3-way diffuser directed away from the hood. Likewise, if the plume is strongly captured, the hood may be over-exhausting and reducing the exhaust rate could be considered, along with a corresponding reduction of room supply air to maintain the building’s air balance.5.2 An appropriate airflow balance ensures adequate replacement air for the necessary exhaust conditions and allows the desired air pressure distribution to be maintained.5.3 Negative air pressure in the kitchen with respect to the adjacent indoor spaces ensures that the air flow is from these spaces into the kitchen so that odors and cooking effluent are contained within the kitchen. However, too great a pressure imbalance will severely degrade hood performance by creating a wind tunnel effect. Negative air pressure in the dining area with respect to the outside is usually an indication that the supply air rate is inadequate and as a result the exhaust air system is not performing as specified.1.1 This test method can be used to measure and validate successful design, installation and commissioning of commercial kitchen HVAC and makeup air systems for specific installations.1.2 This test method field evaluates commercial kitchen ventilation system airflows and pressures.1.3 This test method field evaluates visual hood capture and containment performance.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 The data generated is specific to the field conditions as installed.1.6 This test method may involve hazardous materials, gasses (for example, CO) operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Fan Energy—This standard practice determines the fan energy requirements for a constant speed and demand controlled kitchen ventilation system and estimates the savings. It can be used to compare systems' fan savings potential.5.2 Heating and Cooling Energy—This standard practice determines the heating and cooling energy requirements for a constant speed and demand controlled kitchen ventilation system and estimates the savings. It can be used to compare systems' heating and cooling savings potential.1.1 This practice determines the energy savings potential of Commercial Kitchen Demand Control Ventilation (CKDCV) systems by outlining a procedure to measure system performance.1.1.1 Fan energy savings potential of a Commercial Kitchen Demand Control Ventilation system will be determined.1.1.2 Thermal energy savings potential of a Commercial Kitchen Demand Control Ventilation system will be determined.1.2 This Standard Practice applies to commercial kitchen exhaust and supply demand control ventilation system in the following foodservice establishments: Casino hotel foodservice facilities, commercial cafeterias, full service restaurant, hotel foodservice facility, quick service restaurant, school cafeteria, supermarket, health care foodservice facility. See Appendix X1 for descriptions of facilities.1.3 This CKDCV field test protocol does not apply to other demand control ventilation applications such as building heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) applications or laboratory applications.1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Vapor pressure of crude oil at various vapor/liquid ratios is an important physical property for transport, storage, and refinery operations.5.2 Vapor pressure of crude oil is important to crude oil producers, regulators, transporters and refiners for general handling, transportation, and initial refinery treatment.5.3 The direct sample collection and subsequent, in place, vapor pressure measurement without the need for further sample handling eliminates the potential loss of light hydrocarbon material from the sample. The combination of sampling and testing may produce higher results than Test Method D323.5.4 Chilling and air saturation of the sample prior to the vapor pressure measurement (as required in Test Method D323) is not required in this test method.1.1 This test method covers the use of manual vapor pressure instruments to determine the vapor pressure of crude oils exerted in a vacuum. This test method is suitable for testing samples that exert a vapor pressure between 25 kPa and 180 kPa at 37.8 °C at vapor/liquid ratios from 4:1 to 0.25:1 (X = 4 to 0.25, see 3.2.4).NOTE 1: This test method is suitable for the determination of the vapor pressure of crude oils at temperatures from 0 °C to 60 °C and pressures up to 500 kPa, but the precision and bias statements (see Section 15) may not be applicable.1.2 This test method is meant primarily for use under field conditions for immediate evaluation of vapor pressure for storage, transport, or operational uses.1.3 This test method is not intended for use in custody transfer applications. Test Method D6377 shall be used for custody transfer applications.1.4 This test method provides a reasonable confirmation for the presence of light ends in the source material given that the partial pressure of low boiling components contribute significantly to total vapor pressure.1.5 This test method allows both sample collection and subsequent vapor pressure measurement of crude oil samples directly from the sample source. The collected sample may also be transferred to an automated vapor pressure instrument such as used for Test Method D6377. The field test apparatus is suitable for transportation provided suitable over-pack is used to meet the regulations for the transportation of dangerous goods in the transportation jurisdiction(s).1.6 This test method allows the determination of vapor pressure for crude oil samples having pour points below 0 °C and flow at the sampling conditions to allow inlet to the apparatus.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.7.1 Exception—Other units of measurement are included in this standard for ease of use in multiple jurisdictions.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 Waste glass is currently recycled into various consumer products. This test method has been developed as a tool for evaluation of heavy metals in glass to satisfy reporting requirements for maximum allowable content for some applications.5.2 The ranges within which this test method is quantitative are given in Table 1.5.3 For amounts of the analyte elements outside the ranges in Table 1, this test method provides screening results. That is, it provides an unambiguous indication that each element can be described as present in an amount greater than the scope upper limit or that the amount of the element can be described as less than the scope lower limit with a high degree of confidence.NOTE 2: In general, when a quantitative result is obtained, the analyst can make a clear decision as to whether a material is suitable for the intended purpose. When the contents of elements of interest are outside the quantitative range, the analyst can still make a decision whether the amount is too high or whether additional analyses are required.5.4 These methods can be applied to glass beads, plate glass, float glass, fiber glass, or ground glass. This test method has been validated for the ranges of matrix compositions that are summarized in Table 2.5.5 Detection limits, sensitivity, and element ranges will vary with matrices, detector type, and other instrument conditions and parameters.5.6 All analytes are determined as the element and reported as such. These include all elements listed in Table 1. This test method may be applicable to other glass matrices, additional elements, and wider concentration ranges provided the laboratory is able to validate the broadened scope of this test method.1.1 This test method covers field portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometric procedures for analyses of arsenic and lead in glass compositions using field portable energy dispersive XRF spectrometers.1.2 The mass fraction range of arsenic within which this test method is quantitative is given in Table 1. limits were determined from the interlaboratory study results using the approach given in Practice E1601.1.3 The mass fraction range for which lead was tested is given in Table 1. However, lead results cannot be considered quantitative on the basis of single-sample results because the precision performance is not good enough to allow laboratories to compare results in a quantitative manner.NOTE 1: The performance of this test method was evaluated using results based on single-sample determinations from specimens composed of glass beads. One laboratory has determined that performance can be significantly improved by basing reported results on the mean of determinations from multiple samples to overcome inherent heterogeneity of elements in glass beads, especially the element lead. Additional information is provided in Section 17 on Precision and Bias.1.3.1 To obtain quantitative performance, lead results must consist of the average of four or more determinations.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 on Hazards.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Currently methods of infill sampling procedures differ from vendor to vendor and from technical agent to technical agent. Providing a uniform procedure for sampling, which allows for a consistent vertical sample, will allow for more consistent and accurate evaluation/measurement in the laboratory of samples taken in the field.5.2 The Sampling Program and associated Sample Area Site Plan (Map) shall take into account the specific purpose or purposes of the testing and determine appropriate sample areas based on needs and field conditions. A partial list of possible purposes include:5.2.1 General overall field evaluation of the infill material density, overall application rate, total quantities, and infill variation across the field area.5.2.2 Infill component composition and variation/uniformity as it relates to infill material weights and ratios. This can identify inconsistencies in construction techniques and quality control.5.2.3 Infill material evaluation for injury related surface assessment.5.2.4 Infill material end of life and potential reuse assessment.5.2.5 Field area contamination assessment.5.3 Laboratory testing that may be performed on obtained samples include but are not limited to:5.3.1 Test Method C136.5.3.2 Test Method D5644.5.3.3 Test Method F1632.1.1 This test method provides a consistent sampling procedure for obtaining infill samples of synthetic turf infill materials in the field.1.2 Operational considerations include:1.2.1 This method requires that attic stock infill materials or infill materials from areas that are out-of-play be available for refilling holes left by the sampling procedure. Replacement of infill materials shall match the composition of the material removed.1.2.2 Using this method to determine the in-situ weight and density will result in unreliable data due to the inclusion of moisture within the infill materials. Proper laboratory procedure including wet weight, dry weight before separation, and component weight after separation ensure no loss, and reliable data.1.3 Evaluation and analysis of the samples in the field and or laboratory are not covered herein.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车